地震作用下宝成铁路109隧道边坡失稳机理的离散元模拟
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摘要
以汶川地震触发的宝成铁路109隧道滑坡为例,在野外现场调查基础上,采用离散元数值模拟技术,输入实际记录地震波,对该边坡在地震作用下的动态响应及塑性区发展过程进行数值模拟,以研究地震作用下节理岩质边坡的失稳机理。并结合强度折减法,求出了在地震作用下该边坡的安全系数。分析结果表明:在地震作用初期,边坡表面出现拉破坏,并沿着坡面由边坡的下部向上部延伸,随着地震作用进行,拉破坏区逐渐向坡体内部发展,边坡下部的拉破坏区域逐渐扩大且向坡体上部发展,在地震作用后期,边坡表面存在着强烈的拉裂作用,当塑性拉破坏区发展到形成一个贯通的区域时,整个贯通区域上部的坡体便会发生滑塌破坏。
Based on 109 tunnel landslides of Baoji-Chengdu Railway,the earthquake jointed rock slope instability mechanism is studied by using discrete element numerical simulation to simulate the dynamic response and the development process of plastic zone under earthquake action.The safety factor of the slope is calculated under earthquake action by using the strength reduction method.The results show that tensile failure occurs in the slope surface,and it extends from the lower part to the upper part along the slope in the beginning.Under the earthquake,the zone of tensile failure is gradually developed to the internal part of the slope,and the lower part of the tensile failure gradually expands and extends from the lower part to the upper part.There is a strong crack on the slope surface,and the rock slope will slump while the zone of tensile failure is formed.
Based on 109 tunnel landslides of Baoji-Chengdu Railway,the earthquake jointed rock slope instability mechanism is studied by using discrete element numerical simulation to simulate the dynamic response and the development process of plastic zone under earthquake action.The safety factor of the slope is calculated under earthquake action by using the strength reduction method.The results show that tensile failure occurs in the slope surface,and it extends from the lower part to the upper part along the slope in the beginning.Under the earthquake,the zone of tensile failure is gradually developed to the internal part of the slope,and the lower part of the tensile failure gradually expands and extends from the lower part to the upper part.There is a strong crack on the slope surface,and the rock slope will slump while the zone of tensile failure is formed.
引文
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[2]鲍叶静,高孟潭,姜慧.地震诱发滑坡的概率分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(1):66-70.(BAO Ye-jing,GAO Meng-tan,JIANG Hui.Probabilistic analysis ofearthquake-induced landslides[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2005,24(1):66-70.(inChinese))
[3]李忠生.国内外地震滑坡灾害研究综述[J].灾害学,2003,18(4):64-70.(LI Zhong-sheng.The state of the art of theresearch on seismic landslide hazard at home and abroad[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2003,18(4):64-70.(inChinese))
[4]许冲,戴福初,姚鑫,等.基于GIS的汶川地震滑坡灾害影响因子确定性系数分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增刊1):2972-2981.(XU Chong,DAI Fu-chu,YAO Xin,et al.GIS based certainty factor analysis oflandslide triggering factors in Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(S1):2972-2981.(in Chinese))
[5]郭明伟,葛修润,王水林,等.基于矢量和方法的边坡动力稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(3):572-579.(GUO Ming-wei,GE Xiu-run,WANG Shui-lin,et al.Dynamic stability analysis of slope based on vector sumanalysis method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2011,30(3):572-579.(in Chinese))
[6]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋.地震边坡破坏机制及其破裂面的分析探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1714-1723.(ZHENG Ying-ren,YE Hai-lin,HUANG Run-qiu.Analysis and discussion of failure mechanism and fracturesurface of slope under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1714-1723.(in Chinese))
[7]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋,等.边坡地震稳定性分析探讨[J].地震工程与工程振动,2010,30(2):173-180.(ZHENGYing-ren,YE Hai-lin,HUANG Run-qiu,et al.Study on theseismic stability analysis of a slope[J].Journal of EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,2010,30(2):173-180.(in Chinese))
[8]何铮,徐卫亚,石崇,等.顺层岩质高边坡地震变形破坏机制三维数值反演研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(11):3512-3518.(HE Zheng,XU Wei-ya,SHI Chong,et al.3Ddynamic response back analysis of failure mechanisms of ahigh dip bedding rock slope in earthquake[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2009,30(11):3512-3518.(in Chinese))
[9]陈永明,滕光亮.汶川地震中甘肃滑塌灾害特征及减轻对策刍议[J].西北地震学报,2011,33(增刊1):451-455.(CHEN Yong-ming,TENG Guang-liang.A preliminarydiscussion on the characteristics of landslide-collapse disasterinduced by Wenchuan earthquake in Gansu andcountermeasures for disaster mitigation[J].NorthwesternSeismological Journal,2011,33(S1):451-455.(in Chinese))
[10]BARDET J P,SCOTT R F.Seismic stability of fracture rockmasses with the distinct element method[C]//Proceedings ofthe 26th U S Symposium on Rock Mechanics(USRMS).Rotterdam:A A Balkema,1985:139-149.
[11]ZHANG C H,PEKAU O A,JIN F,et al.Application ofdistinct element method in dynamic analysis of high rockslopes and blocky structures[J].Soil Dynamics andEarthquake Engineering,1997,16(6):385-394.
[12]GB50011—2010建筑抗震设计规范[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.(GB50011—2010Code for seismicdesign of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture andBuilding Press,2010.(in Chinese))
[13]李海波,肖克强,刘亚群.地震荷载作用下顺层岩质边坡安全系数分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2385-2394.(LI Hai-bo,XIAO Ke-qiang,LIU Ya-qun.Factor of safety analysis of bedding rock slope under seismicload[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2385-2394.(in Chinese))
[14]戴妙林,李同春.基于降强法数值计算的复杂岩质边坡动力稳定性安全评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增刊1):2749-2754.(DAI Miao-lin,LI Tong-chun.Analysisof dynamic stability safety evaluation for complex rockslopes by strength reduction numerical method[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(S1):2749-2754.(in Chinese))
[15]郑颖人,赵尚毅,张鲁渝.用有限元强度折减法进行边坡稳定分析[J].中国工程科学,2002,4(10):57-61,78.(ZHENG Ying-ren,ZHAO Shang-yi,ZHANG Lu-yu.Slopestability analysis by strength reduction FEM[J].EngineeringScience,2002,4(10):57-61,78.(in Chinese))
[16]ZHENG Ying-ren,DEN Chu-jian,TANG Xiao-song,et al.Development of finite element limitinganalysis method andits application in geotechnical engineering[J].EngineeringSciences,2007,3(5):10-36.
[17]刘亚群.动荷载作用下层状结构岩体边坡变形破坏机理与安全研究[D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2009.(LIU Ya-qun.Study on the failure mechanism andsafety of layered rock slopes subjected to dynamic loads[D].Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,ChineseAcademy of Science,2009.(in Chinese))
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