地震作用下板式橡胶支座滑移对中小跨径梁桥抗震性能的影响
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摘要
汶川地震中大量板式橡胶支座出现了滑移。为了充分查明支座摩擦滑移的机理,探明支座滑移对中小跨径梁式桥抗震性能的影响,开展板式橡胶支座的摩擦滑移试验,探讨支座滑移的耗能效果及恢复力模型,研究支座摩擦滑移对典型三跨简支梁桥和连续梁桥地震动力响应的影响规律。研究结果表明:1板式橡胶支座摩擦滑移具有一定的耗能效果,其恢复力模型可以利用双线性曲线描述;2对于简支梁桥,板式橡胶支座的滑移耗能能够有效降低对桥墩抗震能力的需求,达到类似桥墩底部塑性铰耗能的效果,减少桥墩在地震作用下破坏的风险,同时,滑移也将减弱支座对上部结构的约束作用,增大上部结构与桥台间的碰撞效应和累积位移;3对于连续梁桥,支座滑移也起到了消耗地震能量和减小桥梁下部结构内力的效果,但由于滑移距离受梁端桥台的约束,减震效果不如简支梁桥显著。
In Wenchuan earthquake, slide occurred in a number of elastomeric bearings. In order to identify the sliding mechanism of elastomeric bearings and the effect of slide on the seismic performance of small and medium span bridges, the experiment of elastomeric bearings slide was carried out. The effect of energy dissipation and the restoring force model of the bearing slide were studied. The influence disciplines of the bearing sliding on the seismic response of the typical three-span simply supported girder bridge and continuous bridge were discussed. The results show that:(1) The slide of elastomeric bearings possess the effect of energy dissipation which restoring force model can be described by bilinear curve.(2) For simply supported girder bridges, the demand of the seismic capacity of piers can be effectively reduced by the slide of elastomeric bearings which similarly reach the effect of the energy dissipation of the plastic hinge at the bottom of piers. It reduces the risk of pier damage in earthquake. Meanwhile, the slide of bearing also weakens the constraint to the superstructure which increases the pounding between girders and abutments, and the cumulative displacement.(3) For continuous girder bridge, the bearing slide plays the role of dissipation seismic energy and reduction the internal force of substructure. Due to the bounding of abutment at the end of girders, the effect of seismic reduction is not significantly as the simply supported girder bridge.
In Wenchuan earthquake, slide occurred in a number of elastomeric bearings. In order to identify the sliding mechanism of elastomeric bearings and the effect of slide on the seismic performance of small and medium span bridges, the experiment of elastomeric bearings slide was carried out. The effect of energy dissipation and the restoring force model of the bearing slide were studied. The influence disciplines of the bearing sliding on the seismic response of the typical three-span simply supported girder bridge and continuous bridge were discussed. The results show that:(1) The slide of elastomeric bearings possess the effect of energy dissipation which restoring force model can be described by bilinear curve.(2) For simply supported girder bridges, the demand of the seismic capacity of piers can be effectively reduced by the slide of elastomeric bearings which similarly reach the effect of the energy dissipation of the plastic hinge at the bottom of piers. It reduces the risk of pier damage in earthquake. Meanwhile, the slide of bearing also weakens the constraint to the superstructure which increases the pounding between girders and abutments, and the cumulative displacement.(3) For continuous girder bridge, the bearing slide plays the role of dissipation seismic energy and reduction the internal force of substructure. Due to the bounding of abutment at the end of girders, the effect of seismic reduction is not significantly as the simply supported girder bridge.
引文
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[6]王东升,冯启民.活动支座摩擦力对简支梁桥地震反应的影响[J].地震工程与工程振动,1998,18(4):30-39(Wang Dongs heng,Feng Qimin.Effects of frictional force at movable supports on earthquake response of simply supported reinforced concrete bridges[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1998,18(4):30-39(in Chinese))
[7]黄勇,王君杰,韩鹏,等.考虑支座破坏的连续梁桥地震反应分析[J].土木工程学报.2010,43(S):217-223(Huang Yong,Wang Junjie,Han Peng,et al.Seismic response analysis of continuous bridges taking account of bearing failure[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2010,43(S):217-223(in Chinese))
[8]谢旭,吴善幸.考虑支座破坏影响的防止落梁装置地震响应[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2006,40(12):2180-2185(Xie Xu,Wu Shanxing.Earthquake response of bridge restrainers considering failure of bearings[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science,2006,40(12):2180-2185(in Chinese))
[9]Steelman J S,Fahnestock L A,Filipov E T,et al.Shear and Friction Response of Nonseismic Laminated Elastomeric Bridge Bearings Subject to Seismic Demands[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2012,18(7):612-623
[2]范立础,李建中.汶川桥梁震害分析与抗震设计对策[J].公路,2009,(5):1 22-128
[3]Tobias D H,Anderson R E,Hodel C E,et al.Overview of earthquake resisting system design and retrofit strategy for bridges in Illinois[J].Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction,2008,13(3):147-158
[4]范立础,聂利英,李建中.地震作用下板式橡胶支座滑动的动力性能分析[J].中国公路学报,2003,16(4):30-35(Fan Lichun,Nie Liying,Li Jianzhong.Dynamic characteristic analysis of laminated rubber bearing sliding under earthquake[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,20 03,16(4):30-35(in Chinese))
[5]汤虎,李建中.板式橡胶支座桥梁地震位移控制方法[J].中国公路学报,2013,26(3):110-116(Tang Hu,Li Jianzhong.Displacement control method for cont inuous bridges on laminated rubber bearings under earthquake excitation[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport.2013,26(3):110-116(in Chinese))
[6]王东升,冯启民.活动支座摩擦力对简支梁桥地震反应的影响[J].地震工程与工程振动,1998,18(4):30-39(Wang Dongs heng,Feng Qimin.Effects of frictional force at movable supports on earthquake response of simply supported reinforced concrete bridges[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1998,18(4):30-39(in Chinese))
[7]黄勇,王君杰,韩鹏,等.考虑支座破坏的连续梁桥地震反应分析[J].土木工程学报.2010,43(S):217-223(Huang Yong,Wang Junjie,Han Peng,et al.Seismic response analysis of continuous bridges taking account of bearing failure[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2010,43(S):217-223(in Chinese))
[8]谢旭,吴善幸.考虑支座破坏影响的防止落梁装置地震响应[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2006,40(12):2180-2185(Xie Xu,Wu Shanxing.Earthquake response of bridge restrainers considering failure of bearings[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science,2006,40(12):2180-2185(in Chinese))
[9]Steelman J S,Fahnestock L A,Filipov E T,et al.Shear and Friction Response of Nonseismic Laminated Elastomeric Bridge Bearings Subject to Seismic Demands[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2012,18(7):612-623
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