高烈度地震山区铁路减灾选线技术
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摘要
为从源头上减轻高烈度地震山区的铁路灾害,针对选线设计中廊道方案选择和空间定线,从风险调控的理念,研究了减灾选线技术.采用断裂构造地貌理论,对活动断裂塑造的地貌格局和强震灾害效应进行了综合分析,得出了廊道方案选择原则.根据波动理论,对芦山、汶川地震等表现出的地震波传播的地形效应进行分析,提出了空间定线要点.研究结果表明:逆断层下盘挠曲盆地、正断层上盘断陷盆地、走滑断层断陷盆地和拉分盆地,均是铁路廊道方案可利用的地貌单元.确定大段落线路高程时,可不考虑高程放大效应;峡谷地形线路应避免布置在地震波入射方向一侧;近场区线路应选择在地震波传播的迎坡向,远场区在背坡向;应尽量避免设置小半径曲线,凸曲线应避免设置深路堑或高大支挡工程.
To reduce earthquake-induced disasters of railway in mountainous regions with a high earthquake intensity from fountainhead, the disaster reduction techniques of the selection of transportation corridors and the space layout of railway lines,were researched based on the concept of risk control. From the fault tectonic geomorphology theory,landform patterns formed by active faults and seismic disasters were analyzed,and the selection principles of transportation corridors were obtained. From the wave motion theory,the topography effects of seismic wave propagation reflected in the Lushan and Wenchuan earthquakes were analyzed,and the key points of line space layout were worked out. The research result shows that lexural basin on footwall of reversed faults,rift basin on hanging wall of normal faults,and rift basin and pull-apart basin on strike-slip faults are available geomorphic units of railway corridors. Elevation amplification effect may not be considered in the route elevation determination of large sections. Canyon routes shall be avoided laying in the incident side of seismic waves. Earthquake near-field routes shall be selected along the hillside facing wave propagationdirection,while far-field routes in the opposite side. Sharp curves must be avoided,moreover,deep cutting slopes and tall retaining structures shall be avoided layouting in the convex side of a curve.
To reduce earthquake-induced disasters of railway in mountainous regions with a high earthquake intensity from fountainhead, the disaster reduction techniques of the selection of transportation corridors and the space layout of railway lines,were researched based on the concept of risk control. From the fault tectonic geomorphology theory,landform patterns formed by active faults and seismic disasters were analyzed,and the selection principles of transportation corridors were obtained. From the wave motion theory,the topography effects of seismic wave propagation reflected in the Lushan and Wenchuan earthquakes were analyzed,and the key points of line space layout were worked out. The research result shows that lexural basin on footwall of reversed faults,rift basin on hanging wall of normal faults,and rift basin and pull-apart basin on strike-slip faults are available geomorphic units of railway corridors. Elevation amplification effect may not be considered in the route elevation determination of large sections. Canyon routes shall be avoided laying in the incident side of seismic waves. Earthquake near-field routes shall be selected along the hillside facing wave propagationdirection,while far-field routes in the opposite side. Sharp curves must be avoided,moreover,deep cutting slopes and tall retaining structures shall be avoided layouting in the convex side of a curve.
引文
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[16]HARTZELL S H,CARVER D L,KING K W.Initial investigation of site and topographic effects at Robinwood ridge California[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1994,84(5):1336-1349.
[17]罗永红.地震作用下复杂斜坡响应规律研究[D].成都:成都理工大学环境与土木工程学院,2011.
[18]许强,李为乐.汶川地震诱发大型滑坡分布规律研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(6):818-826.XU Qiang,LI Weile.Distribution of large-scale landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(6):818-826.
[19]徐锡伟,陈桂华,于贵华,等.芦山地震发震构造及其与汶川地震关系讨论[J].地学前缘,2013,20(3):11-20.XU Xiwei,CHEN Guihua,YU Guihua,et al.Seismogenic structure of Lushan earthquake and its relationship with Wenchuan earthquake[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2013,20(3):11-20.
[20]МЕДВЕДЕВC B.地震小区划[M].黄秀铭,译.北京:地震出版社,1981:71-78.
[21]姚令侃,陈强.5·12汶川地震对线路工程抗震技术提出的新课题[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):43-50.YAO Lingkan,CHEN Qiang.New research subjects on earthquake resistant techniques of line engineering extracted from 5·12 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(3):43-50.
[2]姚令侃,冯俊德,杨明.汶川地震路基震害分析及对抗震规范改进的启示[J].西南交通大学学报,2009,44(3):301-311.YAO Lingkan,FENG Junde,YANG Min.Damage analysis of subgrade engineering in Wenchuan earthquake and recommendations for improving seismic design code[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2009,44(3):301-311.
[3]李勇,周荣军,DENSMORE A L,等.青藏高原东缘大陆动力学过程与地质响应[M].北京:地质出版社,2006:1-17.
[4]颜仰基,吴应林.巴颜喀拉-川西边缘前陆盆地演化[J].岩相古地理,1996,16(3):16-29.YAN Yangji,WU Yinglin.Evolution of the Bayan Harwest Sichuan peripheral foreland basin in southwestern China[J].Sedimentary Facies and Palaeogeography,1996,16(3):16-29.
[5]刘和甫,汪泽成,熊保贤,等.中国中西部中、新生代前陆盆地与挤压造山带耦合分析[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):55-72.LIU Hefu,WANG Zecheng,XIONG Baoxian,et al.Coupling analysis of Mesozoic-Cenozoic foreland basin and mountain system in central and western China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(3):55-72.
[6]崔鹏,何思明,姚令侃,等.汶川地震山地灾害形成机理与风险调控[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:41-46.
[7]王海云.近场强地震动预测的有限断层震源模型[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2004.
[8]李祥根.中国地震构造运动[M].北京:地震出版社,2010:187-188.
[9]姚令侃,邱燕玲,魏永幸.青藏高原东缘进藏高等级道路面临的挑战[J].西南交通大学学报,2012,47(5):719-734.YAO Lingkan,QIU Yanling,WEI Yongxing.Challenges in construction of railway and highway from Sichuan to Tibet through eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2012,47(5):719-734.
[10]唐荣昌,韩渭滨.四川活动断裂与地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1993:1-368.
[11]苏生瑞,黄瑞秋,王士天.断裂构造对地应力场的影响及其工程应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:155-158.
[12]BOORE D M.A note on the effect of simple topography on seismic SH waves[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1972,62(1):275-284.
[13]DAVIS L L,WEST L R.Observed effects of topography on ground motion[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1973,63(1):283-298.
[14]PEDERSEN H,BRUN B L,HATZFELD D,et al.Ground-motion amplitude across ridges[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1994,84(6):1786-1800.
[15]王海云,谢礼立.自贡市西山公园地形对地震动的影响[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(7):1631-1638.WANG Haiyun,XIE Lili.Effects of topography on ground motion in the Xishan park,Zigong City[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(7):1631-1638.
[16]HARTZELL S H,CARVER D L,KING K W.Initial investigation of site and topographic effects at Robinwood ridge California[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1994,84(5):1336-1349.
[17]罗永红.地震作用下复杂斜坡响应规律研究[D].成都:成都理工大学环境与土木工程学院,2011.
[18]许强,李为乐.汶川地震诱发大型滑坡分布规律研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(6):818-826.XU Qiang,LI Weile.Distribution of large-scale landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(6):818-826.
[19]徐锡伟,陈桂华,于贵华,等.芦山地震发震构造及其与汶川地震关系讨论[J].地学前缘,2013,20(3):11-20.XU Xiwei,CHEN Guihua,YU Guihua,et al.Seismogenic structure of Lushan earthquake and its relationship with Wenchuan earthquake[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2013,20(3):11-20.
[20]МЕДВЕДЕВC B.地震小区划[M].黄秀铭,译.北京:地震出版社,1981:71-78.
[21]姚令侃,陈强.5·12汶川地震对线路工程抗震技术提出的新课题[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):43-50.YAO Lingkan,CHEN Qiang.New research subjects on earthquake resistant techniques of line engineering extracted from 5·12 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(3):43-50.
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