汶川地震各地震烈度区公路隧道震害特征研究
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摘要
文章结合汶川地震震区大量公路隧道震害资料,对各地震烈度区公路隧道震害特征进行了研究。结果表明:6度区隧道均未破坏;7度区出现落石灾害,砸坏洞门、边仰坡结构;8~11度区硬岩隧道洞身衬砌基本无震害,8度区软岩隧道洞身衬砌出现轻微开裂、渗水;9度区软岩隧道洞身衬砌开裂严重,出现网状开裂、大面积渗水,出现混凝土剥落、掉块以及二次衬砌垮塌等,洞口边仰坡出现滑塌、崩塌,堵塞洞门;10度区软岩隧道洞身二次衬砌垮塌增多;11度区软岩隧道洞身出现围岩垮塌。研究成果对进一步研究高烈度地震区公路隧道震害机理及抗震对策有着重要的意义。
It is neccessary to study earthquake da mage to highway tunnels in earthquake-affected areas with different seismic intensities for scientific design and earthquake fortification. Based on the earthquake-damage information regarding highway tunnels in Wenchuan, the above-mentioned study was carried out. The results show that: a tunnel was not destroyed in the area of 6-degree seismic intensity; the tunnel entrance and tunnel slope structure were smashed by rockfalls in the area of 7-degree seismic intensity; there was almost no lining damage to a hard-rock tunnel body in the area of 8 ~11-degree seismic intensity; slight cracks and water penetration occurred at the lining of a soft-rock tunnel body in the area of 8-degree seismic intensity; reticular cracks and large-area water penetration, concrete spalling, falling, and secondary lining collapse occurred at the lining of a soft-rock tunnel body in the area of 9-degree seismic intensity; a tunnel portal was blocked by sliding and collapse of the slope around the tunnel entrance in the area of 9-degree seismic intensity; increased secondary lining collapse occurred at the soft-rock tunnel body in the area of 10-degree seismic intensity; and surrounding rock collapse occurred at a soft-rock tunnel body in the area of 11-degree seismic intensity. These research results are significant to further study of the ear thquake-damage mechanism and countermeasures for highway tunnels in earthquake-affected areas with high seismic intensity.
It is neccessary to study earthquake da mage to highway tunnels in earthquake-affected areas with different seismic intensities for scientific design and earthquake fortification. Based on the earthquake-damage information regarding highway tunnels in Wenchuan, the above-mentioned study was carried out. The results show that: a tunnel was not destroyed in the area of 6-degree seismic intensity; the tunnel entrance and tunnel slope structure were smashed by rockfalls in the area of 7-degree seismic intensity; there was almost no lining damage to a hard-rock tunnel body in the area of 8 ~11-degree seismic intensity; slight cracks and water penetration occurred at the lining of a soft-rock tunnel body in the area of 8-degree seismic intensity; reticular cracks and large-area water penetration, concrete spalling, falling, and secondary lining collapse occurred at the lining of a soft-rock tunnel body in the area of 9-degree seismic intensity; a tunnel portal was blocked by sliding and collapse of the slope around the tunnel entrance in the area of 9-degree seismic intensity; increased secondary lining collapse occurred at the soft-rock tunnel body in the area of 10-degree seismic intensity; and surrounding rock collapse occurred at a soft-rock tunnel body in the area of 11-degree seismic intensity. These research results are significant to further study of the ear thquake-damage mechanism and countermeasures for highway tunnels in earthquake-affected areas with high seismic intensity.
引文
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[8]四川省交通运输厅-公路规划勘察设计研究院.5.12汶川地震灾区高速公路和国省干线公路恢复重建工程调查、检测、评估[R].成都:四川省交通厅公路规划勘察设计研究院,2008Highway Planning,Survey,Design and Research Institute of Sichuan Provincial Communications Department.Investigation,Testing and Evaluation of the Restoration and Reconstruction Projects of Expressways,National and Provincial Trunk Roads in Disaster Areas Induced by 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake[R].Chengdu:Highway Planning,Survey,Design and Research Institute of Sichuan Provincial Communications Department,2008
[9]崔光耀,王明年,于丽,等.汶川地震公路隧道洞口结构震害分析及震害机理研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(6):1084-1091Cui Guangyao,Wang Mingnian,Yu Li,et al.Analysis of Seismic Damage and Mechanism of Portal Structure of Highway Tunnel in Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(6):1084-1091
[10]崔光耀,王明年,林国进,等.汶川地震公路隧道洞口段震害机理及抗震对策研究[J].现代隧道技术,2011,48(6):6-10Cui Guangyao,Wang Mingnian,Lin Guojin,et al.Study on Earthquake Damage Mechanism and Aseismatic Countermeasure of Highway Tunnel Portal Section in Wenchuan Seismic Disastrous Area[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2011,48(6):6-10
[11]李天斌.汶川特大地震中山岭隧道变形破坏特征及影响因素分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):742-750Li Tianbin.Failure Characteristics and Influence Factor Analysis of Mountain Tunnels at Epicenter Zones of Great Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):742-750
[12]崔光耀.隧道洞口浅埋段和断裂粘滑段抗震设计计算方法及试验研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,博士论文,2012Cui Guangyao.The Aseismic Design Calculation Method and Experimental Study of Tunnel Shallow-buried Portal and Fracture Stick-slipping Section[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,Doctorial Thesis,2012
[13]王明年,于丽,林国进,等.隧道抗震与减震[M].北京:科学出版社,2012Wang Mingnian,Yu Li,Lin Guojin,et al.Tunnel Seismic and Shock Absorption[M].Beijing:Science Press,2012
[2]李育枢,李天斌.高烈度地震区隧道洞口段地震安全性分析及评价[J].现代隧道技术,2011,48(3):46-52Li Yushu,Li Tianbin.Seismic Analysis and Safety Evaluation of the Tunnel Portal Section in Regions of High Seismic Intensity[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2011,48(3):46-52
[3]高波,王峥峥,袁松,等.汶川地震公路隧道震害启示[J].西南交通大学学报,2009,44(3):336-341Gao Bo,Wang Zhengzheng,Yuan Song,et al.Lessons Learnt from Damage of Highway Tunnels in Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2009,44(3):336-341
[4]郑升宝,蒋树屏,王晓雯,等.公路隧道减震模型试验及数值模拟[J].现代隧道技术,2011,48(4):59-64Zheng Shengbao,Jiang Shuping,Wang Xiaowen,et al.Model Test and Numerical Simulation of Vibration Attenuation for Highway Tunnels[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2011,48(4):59-64
[5]王秀英,刘维宁,张弥.地下结构震害类型及机理研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2003,13(11):55-58Wang Xiuying,Liu Weining,Zhang Mi.Study on the Categorization and Mechanism of Seismic Damage of Underground Structures[J].China Safety Science Journal,2003,13(11):55-58
[6]崔光耀,王明年,林国进,等.基于汶川地震隧道震害特点的抗震设防标准评价及建议[J].灾害学,2013,28(2):20-24Cui Guangyao,Wang Mingnian,Lin Guojin,et al.Evaluation and Suggestion of Anti-seismic Fortification Criterion Based on Seismic Damage Characteristic of Tunnel Structure in Wenchuan Seismic Disastrous Area[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2013,28(2):20-24
[7]王照华,唐建华,宋宏伟.隧道震害特征及其影响因素[J].山西建筑,2007,33(11):263-264Wang Zhaohua,Tang Jianhua,Song Hongwei.Study on Tunnel Performances due to Seismic Damage and Influencing Factors[J].Shanxi Architecture,2007,33(11):263-264
[8]四川省交通运输厅-公路规划勘察设计研究院.5.12汶川地震灾区高速公路和国省干线公路恢复重建工程调查、检测、评估[R].成都:四川省交通厅公路规划勘察设计研究院,2008Highway Planning,Survey,Design and Research Institute of Sichuan Provincial Communications Department.Investigation,Testing and Evaluation of the Restoration and Reconstruction Projects of Expressways,National and Provincial Trunk Roads in Disaster Areas Induced by 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake[R].Chengdu:Highway Planning,Survey,Design and Research Institute of Sichuan Provincial Communications Department,2008
[9]崔光耀,王明年,于丽,等.汶川地震公路隧道洞口结构震害分析及震害机理研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(6):1084-1091Cui Guangyao,Wang Mingnian,Yu Li,et al.Analysis of Seismic Damage and Mechanism of Portal Structure of Highway Tunnel in Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(6):1084-1091
[10]崔光耀,王明年,林国进,等.汶川地震公路隧道洞口段震害机理及抗震对策研究[J].现代隧道技术,2011,48(6):6-10Cui Guangyao,Wang Mingnian,Lin Guojin,et al.Study on Earthquake Damage Mechanism and Aseismatic Countermeasure of Highway Tunnel Portal Section in Wenchuan Seismic Disastrous Area[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2011,48(6):6-10
[11]李天斌.汶川特大地震中山岭隧道变形破坏特征及影响因素分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):742-750Li Tianbin.Failure Characteristics and Influence Factor Analysis of Mountain Tunnels at Epicenter Zones of Great Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):742-750
[12]崔光耀.隧道洞口浅埋段和断裂粘滑段抗震设计计算方法及试验研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,博士论文,2012Cui Guangyao.The Aseismic Design Calculation Method and Experimental Study of Tunnel Shallow-buried Portal and Fracture Stick-slipping Section[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,Doctorial Thesis,2012
[13]王明年,于丽,林国进,等.隧道抗震与减震[M].北京:科学出版社,2012Wang Mingnian,Yu Li,Lin Guojin,et al.Tunnel Seismic and Shock Absorption[M].Beijing:Science Press,2012
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