地震作用下考虑土-桥台-上部结构相互作用的大跨桥梁伸缩缝处碰撞效应研究
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摘要
为了给大跨桥梁抗震设计提供参考,针对西部山区强地震带常见的高墩大跨桥梁,考虑土-桥台-上部结构相互作用以及支座的滑动效应,采用非线性时程法对地震作用下大跨桥梁伸缩缝处碰撞效应进行了研究。采用非线性弹簧模拟桩基-土体相互作用以及台背填土的弹塑性变形,采用双线性滞回模型模拟支座的滑动效应,并采用接触单元法模拟主、引桥梁体间以及引桥梁体-桥台背墙间的碰撞反应。研究结果表明:主、引桥梁体间以及引桥梁体-桥台背墙间若发生连锁碰撞效应,桥台背墙将会遭受较大的撞击力作用,过大撞击力使得台背纵向位移、台后填土塑性变形以及桥台桩基的地震响应显著增大,易引起引桥桥台破损、桩基断裂以及引桥梁体落梁等震害。
In order to provide reference for seismic design of long-span bridges,aimed at long-span bridges with high piers adopted widely in the strong earthquake belt of Chinese western mountains,with the interaction of soil,abutment and superstructure and sliding effects of bearings considered,by using nonlinear time history analysis method,the pounding effects at expansion joints of long-span bridges under earthquakes were studied.The interaction between piles and soil and the elasto-plastic deformation of the backfill soil were simulated by nonlinear springs.The sliding effects of bearings were simulated by bilinear hysteretic model.And the pounding responses between the main span and approach span and between the approach span and back wall of the abutment were simulated by contact element method.The results indicate that if the pounding at expansion joints between the main span and approach span and between the approach span and back wall of the abutment takes place,the back wall of the abutment will suffer greater pounding force which can significantly amplify the longitudinal displacement of the back wall,the plastic deformation of the embankment fill and the pile's seismic response of the abutment,which can easily cause more serious damages of the approach span such as abutmentdamage,pile foundation fracture and the unseating of the deck,etc.
In order to provide reference for seismic design of long-span bridges,aimed at long-span bridges with high piers adopted widely in the strong earthquake belt of Chinese western mountains,with the interaction of soil,abutment and superstructure and sliding effects of bearings considered,by using nonlinear time history analysis method,the pounding effects at expansion joints of long-span bridges under earthquakes were studied.The interaction between piles and soil and the elasto-plastic deformation of the backfill soil were simulated by nonlinear springs.The sliding effects of bearings were simulated by bilinear hysteretic model.And the pounding responses between the main span and approach span and between the approach span and back wall of the abutment were simulated by contact element method.The results indicate that if the pounding at expansion joints between the main span and approach span and between the approach span and back wall of the abutment takes place,the back wall of the abutment will suffer greater pounding force which can significantly amplify the longitudinal displacement of the back wall,the plastic deformation of the embankment fill and the pile's seismic response of the abutment,which can easily cause more serious damages of the approach span such as abutmentdamage,pile foundation fracture and the unseating of the deck,etc.
引文
[1]庄卫林,刘振宇,蒋劲松.汶川大地震公路桥梁震害分析及对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(7):1377-1387.ZHUANG Wei-lin,LIU Zhen-yu,JIANG Jin-song.Earthquake-induced Damage Analysis of Highway Bridges in Wenchuan Earthquake and Countermeasures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(7):1377-1387.
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[7]李悦,宋波,川岛一彦.考虑土、上部结构和桥台相互作用的桥台抗震性能研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1162-1168.LI Yue,SONG Bo,KAWASHIMA K.Research on Abutment Seismic Performance Considering Interaction of Soil,Superstructure and Abutment[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1162-1168.
[8]李枝军,葛飞,徐秀丽,等.板式橡胶支座性能有限元模拟与试验研究[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2013,43(6):1299-1304.LI Zhi-jun,GE Fei,XU Xiu-li,et al.Finite Element Simulation and Experimental Study of Property for Elastomeric Pad Bearing[J].Journal of Southeast University:Natural Science Edition,2013,43(6):1299-1304.
[9]汤虎,李建中.地震动特性对公路桥梁板式橡胶支座滑动反应影响[J].工程力学,2013,30(10):154-161.TANG Hu,LI Jian-zhong.Effect of Ground Motion Characteristics on Sliding Response of Elastomeric Pad Bearings in Highway Bridges[J].Engineering Mechanics,2013,30(10):154-161.
[10]SHAMSABADI A,NORDAL S.Modeling Passive Earth Pressures on Bridge Abutments for Nonlinear Seismic Soil-structure Interaction Using Plaxis[R].Amsterdam:Plaxis Bulletin,2006.
[11]FANG Y S,CHEN T J,WU B F.Passive Earth Pressures with Various Walls Movements[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1994,120(8):1307-1322.
[12]CURRAS C J,BOULANGER R W,KUTTER B L,et al.Dynamic Experiments and Analyses of a Pilegroup-supported Structure[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2001,127(7):585-596.
[13]MATLOCK H.Correlations for Design of Laterally Loaded Piles in Soft Clay[C]//OTC.Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Offshore Technology Conference.Houston:OTC,1970:577-594.
[14]ONEILL M W,MURCHISON J M.An Evaluation of p-y Relationships in Sands[M].Houston:University of Houston,1983.
[15]LAM I P,MARTIN G R,IMBSEN R.Modeling Bridge Foundations for Seismic Design and Retrofitting[J].Transportation Research Report,1991,1290:113-126.
[16]CHOUW N,HAO H.Study of SSI and Non-uniform Ground Motion Effect on Pounding Between Bridge Girders[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2005,25:717-728.
[2]王东升,郭迅,孙治国,等.汶川大地震公路桥梁震害初步调查[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,29(3):84-94.WANG Dong-sheng,GUO Xun,SUN Zhi-guo,et al.Damage to Highway Bridges During Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2009,29(3):84-94.
[3]LI J Z,PENG T B,XU Y.Damage Investigation of Girder Bridges Under the Wenchuan Earthquake and Corresponding Seismic Design Recommendations[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,7(4):337-344.
[4]AVIRAM A,MACKIE K R,STOJADINOVIC B.Effect of Abutment Modeling on the Seismic Response of Bridge Structures[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,7(4):395-402.
[5]SHAMSABADI A,TEHRANI-KHALILI P,STEWART J P,et al.Validated Simulation Models for Lateral Response of Bridge Abutments with Typical Backfills[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2010,15(3):302-311.
[6]孙治国,王东升,张蓓,等.高原大桥桥台地震破坏机理与抗震措施分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2012,32(4):79-87.SUN Zhi-guo,WANG Dong-sheng,ZHANG Bei,et al.Analysis of Seismic Failure Mechanism and Earthquake Resistant Measures for the Abutments of Gaoyuan Bridge[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2012,32(4):79-87.
[7]李悦,宋波,川岛一彦.考虑土、上部结构和桥台相互作用的桥台抗震性能研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1162-1168.LI Yue,SONG Bo,KAWASHIMA K.Research on Abutment Seismic Performance Considering Interaction of Soil,Superstructure and Abutment[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1162-1168.
[8]李枝军,葛飞,徐秀丽,等.板式橡胶支座性能有限元模拟与试验研究[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2013,43(6):1299-1304.LI Zhi-jun,GE Fei,XU Xiu-li,et al.Finite Element Simulation and Experimental Study of Property for Elastomeric Pad Bearing[J].Journal of Southeast University:Natural Science Edition,2013,43(6):1299-1304.
[9]汤虎,李建中.地震动特性对公路桥梁板式橡胶支座滑动反应影响[J].工程力学,2013,30(10):154-161.TANG Hu,LI Jian-zhong.Effect of Ground Motion Characteristics on Sliding Response of Elastomeric Pad Bearings in Highway Bridges[J].Engineering Mechanics,2013,30(10):154-161.
[10]SHAMSABADI A,NORDAL S.Modeling Passive Earth Pressures on Bridge Abutments for Nonlinear Seismic Soil-structure Interaction Using Plaxis[R].Amsterdam:Plaxis Bulletin,2006.
[11]FANG Y S,CHEN T J,WU B F.Passive Earth Pressures with Various Walls Movements[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1994,120(8):1307-1322.
[12]CURRAS C J,BOULANGER R W,KUTTER B L,et al.Dynamic Experiments and Analyses of a Pilegroup-supported Structure[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2001,127(7):585-596.
[13]MATLOCK H.Correlations for Design of Laterally Loaded Piles in Soft Clay[C]//OTC.Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Offshore Technology Conference.Houston:OTC,1970:577-594.
[14]ONEILL M W,MURCHISON J M.An Evaluation of p-y Relationships in Sands[M].Houston:University of Houston,1983.
[15]LAM I P,MARTIN G R,IMBSEN R.Modeling Bridge Foundations for Seismic Design and Retrofitting[J].Transportation Research Report,1991,1290:113-126.
[16]CHOUW N,HAO H.Study of SSI and Non-uniform Ground Motion Effect on Pounding Between Bridge Girders[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2005,25:717-728.
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