海上隔水管锤击作业溜桩预测方法及预防措施
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摘要
针对海上隔水管锤击作业中的溜桩现象进行了机理分析,认为被海水饱和的、渗透性较差的粉、细砂土在隔水管的振动荷载作用下发生土液化现象是导致打桩过程中发生溜桩的原因。建立了考虑土液化现象的桩周土阻力模型,再结合波动方程提出了一种海上隔水管锤击作业溜桩预测方法。实例计算与实测结果对比显示,本文方法不仅能够更为准确地进行隔水管贯入度分析,还能成功预测打桩过程中的溜桩现象,总溜桩长度相对误差仅为2.9%,总锤击数相对误差仅为4.9%。借鉴海上风力发电机打桩过程设计了一种新的隔水管锤击作业装置,该装置能够在发生溜桩时通过及时增加锤击阻力来弥补由于土液化现象而削弱的桩周土阻力,从而阻止溜桩的发生。
Aimed at the slip pile phenomenon during offshore riser pile driving,the mechanism was analyzed and conclusion was made that saturated silt sand and thin soil with low permeability under the riser vibration can generate soil liquefaction.The soil liquefaction will lead to slip pile.We integrated the liquefaction phenomenon into the traditional model of soil resistance and established a new and upgraded model.Then combining with the wave equation,we developed a prediction method for the slip pile during offshore riser pile driving.By using this new method we conducted a real case calculation and compared the calculation results with the measured results.The comparison indicated that the new method not only analyzes the riser penetration more accurately but also predicts the slip pile during offshore riser pile driving successfully.The total relative errors in slip pile amplitude and blow counts are 2.9%and 4.9%respectively.In addition,we designed aprototype of offshore riser pile driving equipment using pile driving for offshore wind power generators for reference.The new equipment can make up for the soil resistance slacking down,which is caused by the soil liquefaction,by increasing the resistance in time and hence prevent slip pile ultimately.
Aimed at the slip pile phenomenon during offshore riser pile driving,the mechanism was analyzed and conclusion was made that saturated silt sand and thin soil with low permeability under the riser vibration can generate soil liquefaction.The soil liquefaction will lead to slip pile.We integrated the liquefaction phenomenon into the traditional model of soil resistance and established a new and upgraded model.Then combining with the wave equation,we developed a prediction method for the slip pile during offshore riser pile driving.By using this new method we conducted a real case calculation and compared the calculation results with the measured results.The comparison indicated that the new method not only analyzes the riser penetration more accurately but also predicts the slip pile during offshore riser pile driving successfully.The total relative errors in slip pile amplitude and blow counts are 2.9%and 4.9%respectively.In addition,we designed aprototype of offshore riser pile driving equipment using pile driving for offshore wind power generators for reference.The new equipment can make up for the soil resistance slacking down,which is caused by the soil liquefaction,by increasing the resistance in time and hence prevent slip pile ultimately.
引文
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[6]刘润,禚瑞花,闫澍旺,等.动力打桩一维波动方程的改进及其工程应用[J].岩土力学,2004,25(增刊2):383-387.Liu Run,Zhuo Ruihua,Yan Shuwang,et al.Apply of improved wave equation method to practical ocean piling engineering[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(S2):383-387.
[7]张伟,王娜娜,刘振纹,等.振动锤作用下海上基桩可打入性的数值模拟[J].中国海上油气,2012,24(6):61-65.Zhang Wei,Wang Nana,Liu Zhenwen,et al.Numerical simulation of drivability of offshore pile under the action of vibratory hammer[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2012,24(6):61-65.
[8]DE BEER E E.Experimental determination of the shape factors and the bearing capacity factor for sand[J].Geotechnique,1970,20(4):387-411.
[9]Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences.Recommendation for pile driving test and routine load testing of piles[M].1970.
[10]SMITH E A.Pile driving analysis by the wave Equation[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,1960,86(4):35-64.
[11]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 50011-2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China,General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China.GB 50011-2010 Code for seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Building Industry Press,2010.
[12]ISSACS D V.Reinfored concrete pile formulas[J].Transaction of the Institution of Engineers,Australia,1931,Ⅻ:312-323.
[13]陈波,闰澎旺,樊之夏.桩基平台桩的可打入性和自由站立强度分析[J].中国海上油气(工程),2001,13(6):1-5.Chen Bo,Yan Pengwang,Fan Zhixia.Driveability and stick-up analysis of steel pile of offshore platform[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Engineering),2001,13(6):1-5.
[2]张海山,杨进,严德,等.海上钻井隔水导管打入作业溜桩深度预测[J].石油钻采工艺,2013,35(3):22-24.Zhang Haishan,Yang Jin,Yan De,et al.Study on the slip pile depth prediction for offshore drilling conductor installation[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2013,35(3):22-24.
[3]董伟.海洋采油平台大直径超长桩动力沉桩分析方法研究[D].天津:天津大学,2009.Dong Wei.Study on drivability analysis method for large diameter and long piles of offshore oil drilling platform[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2009.
[4]尹汉军,刘玉玺,张孝卫,等.大直径超长钢桩溜桩长度计算新方法[J].中国海上油气,2014,26(增刊1):35-38Yin Hanjun,Liu Yuxi,Zhang Xiaowei,et al.The new method for free-fall analysis of large diameter and super-long steel pile[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2014,26(S1):35-38.
[5]赵倩玉.我国规范标贯液化判别方法的改进研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2013.Zhao Qianyu.Improvement of liquefaction discrimination method based on surveys of the standard penetration test data in Chinese code[D].Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,2013.
[6]刘润,禚瑞花,闫澍旺,等.动力打桩一维波动方程的改进及其工程应用[J].岩土力学,2004,25(增刊2):383-387.Liu Run,Zhuo Ruihua,Yan Shuwang,et al.Apply of improved wave equation method to practical ocean piling engineering[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(S2):383-387.
[7]张伟,王娜娜,刘振纹,等.振动锤作用下海上基桩可打入性的数值模拟[J].中国海上油气,2012,24(6):61-65.Zhang Wei,Wang Nana,Liu Zhenwen,et al.Numerical simulation of drivability of offshore pile under the action of vibratory hammer[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2012,24(6):61-65.
[8]DE BEER E E.Experimental determination of the shape factors and the bearing capacity factor for sand[J].Geotechnique,1970,20(4):387-411.
[9]Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences.Recommendation for pile driving test and routine load testing of piles[M].1970.
[10]SMITH E A.Pile driving analysis by the wave Equation[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,1960,86(4):35-64.
[11]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 50011-2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China,General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China.GB 50011-2010 Code for seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Building Industry Press,2010.
[12]ISSACS D V.Reinfored concrete pile formulas[J].Transaction of the Institution of Engineers,Australia,1931,Ⅻ:312-323.
[13]陈波,闰澎旺,樊之夏.桩基平台桩的可打入性和自由站立强度分析[J].中国海上油气(工程),2001,13(6):1-5.Chen Bo,Yan Pengwang,Fan Zhixia.Driveability and stick-up analysis of steel pile of offshore platform[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Engineering),2001,13(6):1-5.
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