简议建筑抗震设计规范的演变
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摘要
建筑抗震设计规范几经修改、充实、演变,使现行规范具有更丰富的内容,为建筑的抗震设防作出了贡献。然而,现行规范也有不够完善的地方,需要商榷。文中指出:地震影响系数曲线是反映谱值随结构自振周期变化的平均趋势,非确定的函数关系,离散性很大,细算阻尼比变化对它的修正没有多大意义;用地震活动概率定义的"小震、中震、大震"的新概念,既无助于抗震设计的改善,又易扰乱人们的思维和判断,是引发概念混淆之源;设防要求及设计方法本来就与地震大小无关,将它与所谓的"小震、中震、大震"联系起来,不符客观事实;设防地震是确定性的防范对象,也是规划设防目的的依据,其它地震则是模糊、不定的;三水准设防无各设防等级建筑互异的防范标准;抗震措施不可能有量化建筑性态的功能;取少量地震时程曲线的计算分析校核反应谱法的计算结果,有悖概率理论;第二阶段设计既无有效保证,又偏离设防目的;依据烈度规定的抗震措施与所谓"小震、中震、大震"的设防要求不相衔接;期盼厘清概念,化解矛盾,促使规范朝正确方向发展、完善。
After modifying,enriching and evolving for many times,the code for seismic design of buildings in China had more rich content,and made contributions to construction of seismic fortification. However,something in the current code needs to be aiscussed. This paper points out that the seismic influence coefficient curve reflects the average trend of the change of spectrum value with structural natural vibration period,which has not certain function relation,but has large discreteness. So the fine calculation of damping ratio change has little significance to its correction. The new concept of "small,medium and strong earthquakes"using seismic probability definition,neither helps the improvement of seismic design,and to disrupt people's thinking and judgment,is the source of confusion. Fortification requirements and design method inherently have nothing to do with the intensity of the earthquake,so contacting the with the so-called "small,medium and strong earthquakes",does not conform to the objective facts. Fortification earthquake is deterministic,which also is the basis of planning fortification goal,but other earthquakes are fuzzy and uncertain. "Three levels fortification"has not fortification measure with architecture classes. Aseismatic measures could not have function of quantitative performance. The methods of calculation andanalysis with some seismic time history curves to check the calculation results of response spectrum method,do not agree with probability theory. The second phase design either has not effective guarantee,or deviates from the fortification objective. The seismic measures according to the intensity are not corresponding with the fortification requirements of so-called "small,medium and strong earthquakes". This paper wants to clarify the concepts,solve the conflicts,and prompt the code to develop in the right direction and to be perfect.
After modifying,enriching and evolving for many times,the code for seismic design of buildings in China had more rich content,and made contributions to construction of seismic fortification. However,something in the current code needs to be aiscussed. This paper points out that the seismic influence coefficient curve reflects the average trend of the change of spectrum value with structural natural vibration period,which has not certain function relation,but has large discreteness. So the fine calculation of damping ratio change has little significance to its correction. The new concept of "small,medium and strong earthquakes"using seismic probability definition,neither helps the improvement of seismic design,and to disrupt people's thinking and judgment,is the source of confusion. Fortification requirements and design method inherently have nothing to do with the intensity of the earthquake,so contacting the with the so-called "small,medium and strong earthquakes",does not conform to the objective facts. Fortification earthquake is deterministic,which also is the basis of planning fortification goal,but other earthquakes are fuzzy and uncertain. "Three levels fortification"has not fortification measure with architecture classes. Aseismatic measures could not have function of quantitative performance. The methods of calculation andanalysis with some seismic time history curves to check the calculation results of response spectrum method,do not agree with probability theory. The second phase design either has not effective guarantee,or deviates from the fortification objective. The seismic measures according to the intensity are not corresponding with the fortification requirements of so-called "small,medium and strong earthquakes". This paper wants to clarify the concepts,solve the conflicts,and prompt the code to develop in the right direction and to be perfect.
引文
[1]刘恢先.工业与民用建筑地震荷载的计算.刘恢先地震工程学论文选集[M].北京:地震出版社,1992,23-40.LIU Huixian.The calculation for seismic load of industrial and civil building.Earthquake engineering papers anthology of Liu Huixian[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1992,23-40.(in Chinese)
[2]刘恢先.关于设计规范中地震荷载计算方法的若干意见.刘恢先地震工程学论文选集[M].北京:地震出版社,1992,121-126.LIU Huixian.Some opinion about the calculation for seismic load of the code for seismic design.Earthquake engineering papers anthology of Liu Huixian[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1992:121-126.(in Chinese)
[3]TJ11-74工业与民用建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1974.TJ11-74 Code for Seismic Design of Industrial and Civil Building[S].Beijing:China Architecture Industry Press,1974.(in Chinese)
[4]TJ11-78工业与民用建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1978.TJ11-78 Code for Seismic Design of Industrial and Civil Building[S].Beijing:China Architecture Industry Press,1978.(in Chinese)
[5]GBJ11-89建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989.GBJ11-89 Code for Seismic Design of Building[S].Beijing:China Architecture Industry Press,1989.(in Chinese)
[6]GB50011-2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.GB50011-2001 Code for Seismic Design of Building[S].Beijing:China Architecture Industry Press,2001.(in Chinese)
[7]GB50011-2008建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.GB50011-2008 Code for Seismic Design of Building[S].Beijing:China Architecture Industry Press,2008.(in Chinese)
[8]GB50011-2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.GB50011-2010 Code for Seismic Design of Building[S].Beijing:China Architecture Industry Press,2010.(in Chinese)
[9]黄龙生,黄勇.抗震减灾的若干问题[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2009,31(2):104-111.HUANG Longsheng,HUANG Yong.Some problems of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2009,31(2):104-111.(in Chinese)
[10]黄龙生,黄勇.工程抗震设计思考[J].世界地震工程,2011,27(3):187-192.HUANG Longsheng,HUANG Yong.The thinking on engineering seismic design[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2011,27(3):187-192.(in Chinese)
[2]刘恢先.关于设计规范中地震荷载计算方法的若干意见.刘恢先地震工程学论文选集[M].北京:地震出版社,1992,121-126.LIU Huixian.Some opinion about the calculation for seismic load of the code for seismic design.Earthquake engineering papers anthology of Liu Huixian[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1992:121-126.(in Chinese)
[3]TJ11-74工业与民用建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1974.TJ11-74 Code for Seismic Design of Industrial and Civil Building[S].Beijing:China Architecture Industry Press,1974.(in Chinese)
[4]TJ11-78工业与民用建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1978.TJ11-78 Code for Seismic Design of Industrial and Civil Building[S].Beijing:China Architecture Industry Press,1978.(in Chinese)
[5]GBJ11-89建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989.GBJ11-89 Code for Seismic Design of Building[S].Beijing:China Architecture Industry Press,1989.(in Chinese)
[6]GB50011-2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.GB50011-2001 Code for Seismic Design of Building[S].Beijing:China Architecture Industry Press,2001.(in Chinese)
[7]GB50011-2008建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.GB50011-2008 Code for Seismic Design of Building[S].Beijing:China Architecture Industry Press,2008.(in Chinese)
[8]GB50011-2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.GB50011-2010 Code for Seismic Design of Building[S].Beijing:China Architecture Industry Press,2010.(in Chinese)
[9]黄龙生,黄勇.抗震减灾的若干问题[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2009,31(2):104-111.HUANG Longsheng,HUANG Yong.Some problems of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2009,31(2):104-111.(in Chinese)
[10]黄龙生,黄勇.工程抗震设计思考[J].世界地震工程,2011,27(3):187-192.HUANG Longsheng,HUANG Yong.The thinking on engineering seismic design[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2011,27(3):187-192.(in Chinese)
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