陷落柱地震波场特征分析
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摘要
以典型的圆锥形陷落柱构建模型,采用声波方程对其地震波场响应进行模拟,分别从炮点位于陷落柱顶以及位于陷落柱顶一侧较近的两种情况对陷落柱地震波场特征进行细致分析.我们认识到了陷落柱柱壁绕射是陷落柱地震响应的重要特征.陷落柱的"反射——透射波"以及"透射——反射波"可成为识别陷落柱的重要标志.
Based on the common conical subsided column, we construct the subsided model and simulate its seismic response by using acoustic wave equation. We consider two conditions:one is the shot above the top of subsided column, the other is the shot beside the top of subsided column. We recognize the diffraction from the wall of the subsided column is the most important feature of the seismic response of the subside column. The " reflectiontransmission" and "transmission-reflection" can be the signature for identifying subsided columns.
Based on the common conical subsided column, we construct the subsided model and simulate its seismic response by using acoustic wave equation. We consider two conditions:one is the shot above the top of subsided column, the other is the shot beside the top of subsided column. We recognize the diffraction from the wall of the subsided column is the most important feature of the seismic response of the subside column. The " reflectiontransmission" and "transmission-reflection" can be the signature for identifying subsided columns.
引文
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[4] 李之奋,董守华,李东会.陷落柱地震数值模拟响应特征分析[J].能源技术与管理,2007,4(6) :36-39． Li Z F, Dong S H, Li D H. Simulation of the seismic wave field of collapse column [J]. Energy Technology and Management,2007,4(6) :36-39．
[5] 彭苏萍,高云峰,杨瑞召,等.AVO探测煤层瓦斯富集的理论探讨和初步实践--以淮南煤田为例[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(6) :1475-1486． Peng S P, Gao Y F, Yang R Z, et al. Theory and application of AVO for detection of coalbed methane-A case from the Huainan coalfield [J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2005,48 (6) :1475-1486．
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[8] 赵广茂,李桐林,徐凯军,等.井-地电阻率法在煤田安全中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(6) :1895-1899． Zhao G M, Li T L, Xu K J, et al. The study and application of well-surface resistivity method in the safety at coal field[J]. Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(6) :1895-1899．
[9] 陈同俊,崔若飞,郎玉泉,等.煤田采区三维地震精细构造解释方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2) :573-578． Chen T J, Cui R F, Lang Y Q, et al. Detail structural interpretation method of coal 3-D seismic[J]. Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(2) :573-578．
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[11] 王恩元,何学秋,窦林名,等.煤矿采掘过程中煤岩体电磁辐射特征及应用[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1) :216-221． Wang E Y, He X Q, Dou L M, et al. Electromagnetic radiation characteristics and rocks during excavation in coal mine and their application [J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2005, 48(1) : 216-221．
[12] 吴钦宝,王秀东,宁方助.煤田三维地震勘探的应用及效果分析[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2) :377-380． Wu Q B, Wang X D , Ning F Z. Application and analysis of 3D seismic exploration in coal mine [J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2005 ,20(2) :377-380．
[13] 张平松,刘盛东,李培根.煤矿井巷间地质构造及其异常多波联合探测技术与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2) :598-603． Zhang P S,Liu S D,Li P G. Multi-wave detecting technique for geological structure and abnormity between tunnel and its application in the coalfield [J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2007,22(2) :598-603．
[14] 常锁亮,杨起,刘大锰,等.煤层气储层物性预测的AVO技术对地震纵波资料品质要求的探讨[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4) :1236-1243． Chang S L, Yang Q,Liu D M,et al. The discussion of required P-wave quality for the AVO technology based on the CBM reservoir research [J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2008,23(4) : 1236-1243．
[15] 陈同俊,崔若飞,刘恩儒.构造煤AVO特征及正演模拟研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5) :1610-1615． Chen T J , Cui R F, Liu E R. AVO characters of tectonic coal and its modeling research [J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2008, 23(5) :1610-1615．
[16] 孟召平,郭彦省,王赟,等.基于地震属性的煤层厚度预测模型及其应用[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2) :512-517． Meng Z P, Guo Y S, Wang Y, et al. Prediction models of coal thickness based on seismic attributions and their applications [J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2006,49 (2) :512-517．
[17] 孟召平,张吉昌,Joachim Tiedemann.煤系岩石物理力学参 数与声波速度之间的关系[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5) :1505-1510． Meng Z P, Zhang J C, Joachim Tiedemann. Relationship between physical and mechanical parameters and acoustic wave velocity of coal measures rocks [J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2006 ,49(5) : 1505-1510．
[18] 董守华.气煤弹性各向异性系数实验测试[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3) :947-952． Dong S H. Test on elastic anisotropic coefficients of gas coal [J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2008,51(3) :947-952．
[19] 姜福兴,杨淑华,成云海,等.煤矿冲击地压的微地震监测研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5) :1511-1516． Jiang F X, Yang S H, Cheng Y H, et al. A study on microseismic monitoring of rock burst in coal mine [J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2006, 49(5) : 1511-1516．
[20] 王东,张海澜,王秀明.部分饱和孔隙岩石中声波传播数值研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2) :524-532． Wang D, Zhang H L, Wang X M. A numerical study of acoustic wave propagation in partially saturated poroelastic rock [J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2006, 49(2) : 524-532．
[21] 刘恩儒,岳建华,刘彦.具有离散裂缝空间分布的二维固体中地震波传播的有限差分模拟[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1) :180-188． Liu E R, Yue J H, Liu Y. Finite difference simulation of seismic wave propagation in 2-D solids with spatial distribution of discrete fractures [J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2006, 49(1) : 180-188．
[22] 王德利,何樵登,韩立国.裂隙型单斜介质中多方位地面三分量记录模拟[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2) :386-393． Wang D L, He Q D, Han L G. Multi-azimuth three-component surface seismic modeling for cracked monoclinic media [J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2005, 48(2) : 386-393．
[23] 郑海山,张中杰.横向各向同性(VTI)介质中非线性地震波场模拟[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3) :660-671． Zheng H S, Zhang Z J. Synthetic seismograms of nonlinear seismic waves in anisotropic (VTI) media [J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2005, 48(3) : 660-671．
[24] 殷文,印兴耀,吴国忱,等.高精度频率域弹性波方程有限差分方法及波场模拟[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2) :561-568． Yin W, Yin X Y, Wu G C, et al. The method of finite difference of high precision elastic wave equations in the frequency domain and wave-field simulation [J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2006, 49(2) : 561-568．
[25] 刘永霞,徐春明,宁俊瑞.不同模式自组织介质中声波传播特性的比较研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3) :830-836． Liu Y X, Xu C M, Ning J R. Comparison of acoustic propagation in several different types self-organized media [J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2007,50(3) :830-836．
[26] 刘永霞,徐涛,赵兵,等.自相似型各向异性自组织介质中地 震波场动力学响应[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(1) :221-232． Liu Y X, Xu T, Zhao B, et al. Seismic sounding of anisotropic self-similar self-organized medium[J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2007,50(1) :221-232．
[27] Tian X B, Kang B, Kim Y G, et al. An improvement in the absorbing boundary technique for munerical simulation of elastic wave propagation[J]. J. Geophys. Eng. , 2008,5: 203-209．
[28] 吴守华,周国兴,杨素霞,等.陷落柱地震响应特征分析[J].煤田地质与勘探,2004,32(3) :52-54． Wu S H, Zhou G X, Yang S X, et al. Analysis for the seismic response characteristics of collapse column[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2004 ,32(3) : 52-54．
[29] 赵丽,赵育台,黄丹青.煤层陷落柱高分辨率地震探测技术[J].中国煤田地质,2006,18(5) :52-53． Zhao L, Zhao Y T, Huang D Q. High resolution seismic prospecting technology used in coal seam subsided column [J]. Coal Geology of China, 2006,18(5) : 52-53
[30] 曹志勇,王伟,杨德义,等.煤田陷落柱波场模拟与分析[J].太原理工大学学报,2008,39(S2) :247-250． Cao Z Y, Wang W, Yang D Y, et al. Coalfield subsided column wavefield modeling and analysis [J]. Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology, 2008 ,39(S2) :247-250．
[2] 姚冬梅.陷落柱的形成与分布[J].中州煤炭,2003,25(2) :13-14． Yao D M, The formation and distribution of the subsided column[J], Zhongzhou Coal, 2003,25(2) :13-14．
[3] 李水军,彭苏萍.华北煤田岩溶陷落柱分类及其特征[J].煤田地质与勘探,2006,34(4) :53-57． Li Y J, Peng S P, Classifications and characteristics of karst collapse column in North China coalfields[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2006,34(4) :53-57．
[4] 李之奋,董守华,李东会.陷落柱地震数值模拟响应特征分析[J].能源技术与管理,2007,4(6) :36-39． Li Z F, Dong S H, Li D H. Simulation of the seismic wave field of collapse column [J]. Energy Technology and Management,2007,4(6) :36-39．
[5] 彭苏萍,高云峰,杨瑞召,等.AVO探测煤层瓦斯富集的理论探讨和初步实践--以淮南煤田为例[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(6) :1475-1486． Peng S P, Gao Y F, Yang R Z, et al. Theory and application of AVO for detection of coalbed methane-A case from the Huainan coalfield [J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2005,48 (6) :1475-1486．
[6] 刘纯贵.地震勘探法在井下探测陷落柱中的应用[J].中国煤炭,2006,32(1) :43-45． Liu C G, Application to underground seismic exploration method for prospecting subsided column [J]. China Coal, 2006,32(1) :43-45．
[7] 胡运兵,张宏敏,吴燕清.井下多波多分量地震反射法探测陷落柱的应用研究[J].矿业安全与环保,2008,35(3) :45-47． Hu Y B, Zhang H M, Wu Y Q. Application study of underground multi-wave multi-component reflection survey for subsided column detection [J]. Mining Safety & Environmental Protection, 2008,35(3) :45-47．
[8] 赵广茂,李桐林,徐凯军,等.井-地电阻率法在煤田安全中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(6) :1895-1899． Zhao G M, Li T L, Xu K J, et al. The study and application of well-surface resistivity method in the safety at coal field[J]. Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(6) :1895-1899．
[9] 陈同俊,崔若飞,郎玉泉,等.煤田采区三维地震精细构造解释方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2) :573-578． Chen T J, Cui R F, Lang Y Q, et al. Detail structural interpretation method of coal 3-D seismic[J]. Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(2) :573-578．
[10] 张时元,程建远,何文欣,等.三维地震在陷落柱探测中的应用[J].中国煤田地质,1997,9(s):29-32． Zhang S Y, Cheng J Y, He W X, et al. The application of 3D seismic exploration to detect the collapsed column[J]. Coal Geology of China, 1997,9(S):29-32．
[11] 王恩元,何学秋,窦林名,等.煤矿采掘过程中煤岩体电磁辐射特征及应用[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1) :216-221． Wang E Y, He X Q, Dou L M, et al. Electromagnetic radiation characteristics and rocks during excavation in coal mine and their application [J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2005, 48(1) : 216-221．
[12] 吴钦宝,王秀东,宁方助.煤田三维地震勘探的应用及效果分析[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2) :377-380． Wu Q B, Wang X D , Ning F Z. Application and analysis of 3D seismic exploration in coal mine [J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2005 ,20(2) :377-380．
[13] 张平松,刘盛东,李培根.煤矿井巷间地质构造及其异常多波联合探测技术与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2) :598-603． Zhang P S,Liu S D,Li P G. Multi-wave detecting technique for geological structure and abnormity between tunnel and its application in the coalfield [J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2007,22(2) :598-603．
[14] 常锁亮,杨起,刘大锰,等.煤层气储层物性预测的AVO技术对地震纵波资料品质要求的探讨[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4) :1236-1243． Chang S L, Yang Q,Liu D M,et al. The discussion of required P-wave quality for the AVO technology based on the CBM reservoir research [J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2008,23(4) : 1236-1243．
[15] 陈同俊,崔若飞,刘恩儒.构造煤AVO特征及正演模拟研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5) :1610-1615． Chen T J , Cui R F, Liu E R. AVO characters of tectonic coal and its modeling research [J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2008, 23(5) :1610-1615．
[16] 孟召平,郭彦省,王赟,等.基于地震属性的煤层厚度预测模型及其应用[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2) :512-517． Meng Z P, Guo Y S, Wang Y, et al. Prediction models of coal thickness based on seismic attributions and their applications [J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2006,49 (2) :512-517．
[17] 孟召平,张吉昌,Joachim Tiedemann.煤系岩石物理力学参 数与声波速度之间的关系[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5) :1505-1510． Meng Z P, Zhang J C, Joachim Tiedemann. Relationship between physical and mechanical parameters and acoustic wave velocity of coal measures rocks [J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2006 ,49(5) : 1505-1510．
[18] 董守华.气煤弹性各向异性系数实验测试[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3) :947-952． Dong S H. Test on elastic anisotropic coefficients of gas coal [J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2008,51(3) :947-952．
[19] 姜福兴,杨淑华,成云海,等.煤矿冲击地压的微地震监测研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5) :1511-1516． Jiang F X, Yang S H, Cheng Y H, et al. A study on microseismic monitoring of rock burst in coal mine [J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2006, 49(5) : 1511-1516．
[20] 王东,张海澜,王秀明.部分饱和孔隙岩石中声波传播数值研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2) :524-532． Wang D, Zhang H L, Wang X M. A numerical study of acoustic wave propagation in partially saturated poroelastic rock [J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2006, 49(2) : 524-532．
[21] 刘恩儒,岳建华,刘彦.具有离散裂缝空间分布的二维固体中地震波传播的有限差分模拟[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1) :180-188． Liu E R, Yue J H, Liu Y. Finite difference simulation of seismic wave propagation in 2-D solids with spatial distribution of discrete fractures [J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2006, 49(1) : 180-188．
[22] 王德利,何樵登,韩立国.裂隙型单斜介质中多方位地面三分量记录模拟[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2) :386-393． Wang D L, He Q D, Han L G. Multi-azimuth three-component surface seismic modeling for cracked monoclinic media [J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2005, 48(2) : 386-393．
[23] 郑海山,张中杰.横向各向同性(VTI)介质中非线性地震波场模拟[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3) :660-671． Zheng H S, Zhang Z J. Synthetic seismograms of nonlinear seismic waves in anisotropic (VTI) media [J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2005, 48(3) : 660-671．
[24] 殷文,印兴耀,吴国忱,等.高精度频率域弹性波方程有限差分方法及波场模拟[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2) :561-568． Yin W, Yin X Y, Wu G C, et al. The method of finite difference of high precision elastic wave equations in the frequency domain and wave-field simulation [J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2006, 49(2) : 561-568．
[25] 刘永霞,徐春明,宁俊瑞.不同模式自组织介质中声波传播特性的比较研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3) :830-836． Liu Y X, Xu C M, Ning J R. Comparison of acoustic propagation in several different types self-organized media [J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2007,50(3) :830-836．
[26] 刘永霞,徐涛,赵兵,等.自相似型各向异性自组织介质中地 震波场动力学响应[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(1) :221-232． Liu Y X, Xu T, Zhao B, et al. Seismic sounding of anisotropic self-similar self-organized medium[J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2007,50(1) :221-232．
[27] Tian X B, Kang B, Kim Y G, et al. An improvement in the absorbing boundary technique for munerical simulation of elastic wave propagation[J]. J. Geophys. Eng. , 2008,5: 203-209．
[28] 吴守华,周国兴,杨素霞,等.陷落柱地震响应特征分析[J].煤田地质与勘探,2004,32(3) :52-54． Wu S H, Zhou G X, Yang S X, et al. Analysis for the seismic response characteristics of collapse column[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2004 ,32(3) : 52-54．
[29] 赵丽,赵育台,黄丹青.煤层陷落柱高分辨率地震探测技术[J].中国煤田地质,2006,18(5) :52-53． Zhao L, Zhao Y T, Huang D Q. High resolution seismic prospecting technology used in coal seam subsided column [J]. Coal Geology of China, 2006,18(5) : 52-53
[30] 曹志勇,王伟,杨德义,等.煤田陷落柱波场模拟与分析[J].太原理工大学学报,2008,39(S2) :247-250． Cao Z Y, Wang W, Yang D Y, et al. Coalfield subsided column wavefield modeling and analysis [J]. Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology, 2008 ,39(S2) :247-250．
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