海南岛1605年历史地震的海岸沉积记录
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摘要
海南岛铺前港湾地区1605年发生了华南历史记录的最强烈的地震,地震强度为M7.5,地震造成陆地沉陷成海。根据野外海岸地貌调查和海岸钻孔沉积物岩性特征与粒度、元素比值分析结果,对历史地震的海岸沉积记录进行了初步的研究,4个钻孔位于铺前港湾西岸博度村附近的小型古海湾,昌德、演丰附近的野菠萝岛和道学附近的红树林区潮间带,钻孔沉积记录显示铺前港湾内湾沉陷幅度为2 m,存在明显的差异性,东寨港道学和野菠萝岛附近的钻孔岩心下部为泥状红土,属于成土的风化壳顶部,根据曲口半岛下山村附近的海岸调查,强海洋动力事件形成了高出现代高潮位3.0 m的高位海岸混杂沉积体,可能与1605年地震下沉引发的类似海啸的沉积事件相关。
The serious earthquake in the year of 1605 occurred at Qiongshan in the region around Puqian Bay,northeastern Hainan Island,which was the most extensive earthquake recorded in the historical docu- ments in South China with the seismic intensity of M7.5.This historical earthquake resulted in the land subsidence and the formation of the Puqian Bay.According to the recent investigation of coastal land- forms,sedimentary characteristics of the boreholes and the analysis results about the grain size and ele- ment ratios,a preliminary study on the coastal sedimentary records about the historical earthquake was presented in this paper.Four boreholes were located at the abandoned bay close to Bodu village and in the mangrove tidal flat near Changde village,Yeboluo Island and Daoxue respectively.The comprehensive a- nalysis indicated the 2.0 m subsidence occurred at the inner part of the Puqian Bay.The boreholes at Daoxue and Yeboluo Island penetrated to the buried red soil,which was the terrestrial environment before the earthquake subsidence.The most interesting finding of coastal landform investigation along the Qukou Peninsula,mid-western Puqian Bay was the coastal gravel-sand deposit 3 m higher than the present high sea level,which was formed in the strong coastal dynamics and may be related to the influence of tsunami- like wave during the earthquake subsidence in the year of 1605.Further detailed study is needed for the a- nalysis about the sediment chronology,
The serious earthquake in the year of 1605 occurred at Qiongshan in the region around Puqian Bay,northeastern Hainan Island,which was the most extensive earthquake recorded in the historical docu- ments in South China with the seismic intensity of M7.5.This historical earthquake resulted in the land subsidence and the formation of the Puqian Bay.According to the recent investigation of coastal land- forms,sedimentary characteristics of the boreholes and the analysis results about the grain size and ele- ment ratios,a preliminary study on the coastal sedimentary records about the historical earthquake was presented in this paper.Four boreholes were located at the abandoned bay close to Bodu village and in the mangrove tidal flat near Changde village,Yeboluo Island and Daoxue respectively.The comprehensive a- nalysis indicated the 2.0 m subsidence occurred at the inner part of the Puqian Bay.The boreholes at Daoxue and Yeboluo Island penetrated to the buried red soil,which was the terrestrial environment before the earthquake subsidence.The most interesting finding of coastal landform investigation along the Qukou Peninsula,mid-western Puqian Bay was the coastal gravel-sand deposit 3 m higher than the present high sea level,which was formed in the strong coastal dynamics and may be related to the influence of tsunami- like wave during the earthquake subsidence in the year of 1605.Further detailed study is needed for the a- nalysis about the sediment chronology,
引文
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[8]徐起浩．海南岛北部东寨港的形成、变迁与1605年琼州大地震[J]．地震地质，1986，8(3)：92—96．[XU Qi—hao．The formation and evolution of Dongzhai Bay,north Hainan Island and its re- lationship with the Qiongzhou earthquake in the year of 1605 [J].Seismic Geology,1986,8(3):92-96.]
[9]徐起浩．1605年琼山强地震导致的同震海岸快速下沉、可能紧随的海啸及其证据[J]．华南地震，2006，26(1)：17—27．[XU Qi-hao.The coseismic coast fast sinkage and the following possible tsunami caused by the 1605 Qiongshan strong earth- quake and the evidences[J].South China Journal of Seismolo- gy,2006,26(1):17-27.]
[10]徐起浩．1605年琼州大地震陆陷成海和可能的海啸[J]．海洋学报，2007，29(3)：146—156．[XU Qi-hao．The land sank into the sea and possible tsunami by the great earthquake in Qiongzhou in China in 1605[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2007,29(3):146-156.]
[11]王胤，左平，黄仲琪，等．海南东寨港红树林湿地面积变化及其驱动力分析[J]．四川环境，2006，25(3)：44—49．[WANG Yin,ZUO Ping,HUANG Zhong-qi,et al.Study of the change of mangrove wetland ecosystem and driving forces in Dongzhai Bay[J].Sichuan Environment,2006,25(3):44- 49.]
[12]张德高，郭英海．东寨港红树林潮坪沉积特征及其成炭条件分析[J]．中国煤田地质，1998，10(1)：8-13．[ZHANG De-gao，GUO Ying-hai.Sedimentary features of mangrove tidal flats in Dongzhai Bay and its coal-forming environment[J].Coal Geology of China,1998,10(1):8-13.]
[13]St-Onge G,Hillaire-Marcel C.Isotopic constraints of sedi- mentary inputs and organic carbon burial rates in the Saguenay Fjord,Quebec[J].Marine Geology,2001,176:1-22.
[14]吕晓霞，翟世奎，牛丽凤．长江口柱状沉积物有机质C/N比的研究[J]．环境化学，2005，24(3)，255—259．[L(?) Xiao-xia，ZHAI Shi-kui,NIU Li-feng.Study on the C/N ratios of or- ganic matters in the core sediments of the Yangtze River estu- ary[J].Environmental Chemistry,2005,24(3):255-259.]
[15]陈骏，安芷生，汪永进，等．最近800 ka洛川黄土剖面中Rb/ Sr分布和古季风变迁[J]．中国科学D辑，1998，28(6)：498- 504.[CHEN Jun,AN Zhi-sheng,WANG Yong-jin,et al. Variation of Rb/Sr ratios and paleomonsoon changes recorded by the Luochuan loess section in the past 800 ka[J].Science in China (Series D),1998,28(6):498-504.]
[16]李建生，杨基广．海南岛罗豆地区的贝壳堤[J]．海洋科学，1991(6):69.[LI Jian-sheng,YANG Ji-guang.The coastal shell deposits in Luodou region,Hainan Island[J].Marine Science,1991(6):69]
[17]毕福志，韩慕康，赵叔松，等．海南岛东寨港罗豆农场的海月沉积层及其海岸升降特征[J]．海洋通报，1988，7(3)：35- 40.[BI Fu-zhi,HAN Mu-kang,ZHAO Shu-song,et al. Haiyue sedimentary layer and its significance of coastal chan- ges at Luodou farmland,Dongzhai Bay,Hainan Island[J]. Marine Science Bulletin,1988,7(3):35-40.]
[18]李建生．海南岛地区断裂构造体系与区域稳定性[J]．海洋科学,1991(3):19-21.[LI Jian-sheng.Fault structure systems and regional stability in Hainan Island[J].Marine Science, 1991(3):19-21.]
[2]何铭文．琼山县志[M]．北京：中华书局，1999．[HE Ming- wen.The General Records of Qiongshan County[M].Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company,1999.]
[3]丁原章，李坪，时振梁．等．海南岛北部地震研究文集[C]．北京：地震出版社，1988．[DING Yuan-zhang，LI Ping，SHI Zhen-liang,et al.Collection of papers on the earthquake in north Hainan Island[C].Beijing:Seismic Press,1988.]
[4]Atwater B F.Evidence for great Holocene earthquakes along the outer coast of Washington State[J].Science,1987,236: 942-944.
[5]Scheffers A,Kelletat D.Sedimentologic and geomorphologic tsunami imprints worldwide-a review[J].Earth-Science Re- view,2003,63:83-92.
[6]Ambraseys N N.Earthquakes and archaeology[J].Journal of Archaeological Science,2006,33:1 008-1 016.
[7]陈恩民，黄咏茵．1605年海南岛琼州大地震及其发震构造的初步探讨[J]．地震地质，1979，1(4)：37—44．[CHEN En-min，HUANG Yong-yin.The 1605 Qiongzhou earthquake and the seismic structures in Hainan Island[J].Seismic Geology, 1979,1(4):37-44.]
[8]徐起浩．海南岛北部东寨港的形成、变迁与1605年琼州大地震[J]．地震地质，1986，8(3)：92—96．[XU Qi—hao．The formation and evolution of Dongzhai Bay,north Hainan Island and its re- lationship with the Qiongzhou earthquake in the year of 1605 [J].Seismic Geology,1986,8(3):92-96.]
[9]徐起浩．1605年琼山强地震导致的同震海岸快速下沉、可能紧随的海啸及其证据[J]．华南地震，2006，26(1)：17—27．[XU Qi-hao.The coseismic coast fast sinkage and the following possible tsunami caused by the 1605 Qiongshan strong earth- quake and the evidences[J].South China Journal of Seismolo- gy,2006,26(1):17-27.]
[10]徐起浩．1605年琼州大地震陆陷成海和可能的海啸[J]．海洋学报，2007，29(3)：146—156．[XU Qi-hao．The land sank into the sea and possible tsunami by the great earthquake in Qiongzhou in China in 1605[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2007,29(3):146-156.]
[11]王胤，左平，黄仲琪，等．海南东寨港红树林湿地面积变化及其驱动力分析[J]．四川环境，2006，25(3)：44—49．[WANG Yin,ZUO Ping,HUANG Zhong-qi,et al.Study of the change of mangrove wetland ecosystem and driving forces in Dongzhai Bay[J].Sichuan Environment,2006,25(3):44- 49.]
[12]张德高，郭英海．东寨港红树林潮坪沉积特征及其成炭条件分析[J]．中国煤田地质，1998，10(1)：8-13．[ZHANG De-gao，GUO Ying-hai.Sedimentary features of mangrove tidal flats in Dongzhai Bay and its coal-forming environment[J].Coal Geology of China,1998,10(1):8-13.]
[13]St-Onge G,Hillaire-Marcel C.Isotopic constraints of sedi- mentary inputs and organic carbon burial rates in the Saguenay Fjord,Quebec[J].Marine Geology,2001,176:1-22.
[14]吕晓霞，翟世奎，牛丽凤．长江口柱状沉积物有机质C/N比的研究[J]．环境化学，2005，24(3)，255—259．[L(?) Xiao-xia，ZHAI Shi-kui,NIU Li-feng.Study on the C/N ratios of or- ganic matters in the core sediments of the Yangtze River estu- ary[J].Environmental Chemistry,2005,24(3):255-259.]
[15]陈骏，安芷生，汪永进，等．最近800 ka洛川黄土剖面中Rb/ Sr分布和古季风变迁[J]．中国科学D辑，1998，28(6)：498- 504.[CHEN Jun,AN Zhi-sheng,WANG Yong-jin,et al. Variation of Rb/Sr ratios and paleomonsoon changes recorded by the Luochuan loess section in the past 800 ka[J].Science in China (Series D),1998,28(6):498-504.]
[16]李建生，杨基广．海南岛罗豆地区的贝壳堤[J]．海洋科学，1991(6):69.[LI Jian-sheng,YANG Ji-guang.The coastal shell deposits in Luodou region,Hainan Island[J].Marine Science,1991(6):69]
[17]毕福志，韩慕康，赵叔松，等．海南岛东寨港罗豆农场的海月沉积层及其海岸升降特征[J]．海洋通报，1988，7(3)：35- 40.[BI Fu-zhi,HAN Mu-kang,ZHAO Shu-song,et al. Haiyue sedimentary layer and its significance of coastal chan- ges at Luodou farmland,Dongzhai Bay,Hainan Island[J]. Marine Science Bulletin,1988,7(3):35-40.]
[18]李建生．海南岛地区断裂构造体系与区域稳定性[J]．海洋科学,1991(3):19-21.[LI Jian-sheng.Fault structure systems and regional stability in Hainan Island[J].Marine Science, 1991(3):19-21.]
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