可控震源地震采集技术的进展
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摘要
可控震源地震数据采集方法可分为常规采集、高效采集及高保真采集三大类。常规采集方法通常是指只采用一组可控震源作业,通过互相关处理获得共炮点道集;高效采集方法是指采用两组或多组可控震源间隔一定时间或同时施工,同样,通过互相关处理获得共炮点道集;高保真采集方法是指采用一台或多台可控震源在彼此间隔一定距离的不同炮点同时振动,采用地面力信号反褶积获得共炮点道集。结合实例分析,对比三类方法特点,可得到两点结论:①可控震源高效采集方法使数据采集作业效率大幅度提高、施工周期明显缩短,进而降低了勘探成本;②可控震源地震数据采集技术的发展方向是高效采集与高保真采集方法相结合,从而实现低成本、高精度及高保真度地震勘探作业。
Vibroseis acquisition can be divided into 3 categories:conventional,high efficiency and high fidelity(HF).In conventional method,only one fleet of vibrators is used and shot gathers are obtained through cross-correlation.In high efficiency acquisition,two or more fleets of vibrators shoot at same time or at constant time interval,and shot gathers are obtained also by cross-correlation.In HF acquisition,one or more fleets vibrate simultaneously at several shot points with constant interval,and shot gathers are obtained through ground force signal deconvolution.Comparing application examples in the field,we conclude that high efficiency acquisition leads high production and the operation cost is obviously reduced,and one of the development trends might be integration of high efficiency and high fidelity(HF) method.
Vibroseis acquisition can be divided into 3 categories:conventional,high efficiency and high fidelity(HF).In conventional method,only one fleet of vibrators is used and shot gathers are obtained through cross-correlation.In high efficiency acquisition,two or more fleets of vibrators shoot at same time or at constant time interval,and shot gathers are obtained also by cross-correlation.In HF acquisition,one or more fleets vibrate simultaneously at several shot points with constant interval,and shot gathers are obtained through ground force signal deconvolution.Comparing application examples in the field,we conclude that high efficiency acquisition leads high production and the operation cost is obviously reduced,and one of the development trends might be integration of high efficiency and high fidelity(HF) method.
引文
[1]石化部地球物理勘探局情报室,石化部科技情报研究所石油组.国外地球物理勘探现状.石油地球物理勘探,1978,13(1):36～49
[2]I HS International Crews.World Geophysical News,2009-7-1,21:12
[3]Rozemond HJ.Slip-sweepacquisition.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1996,15:64～67
[4]Postel J J,Meunier J,Bianchi T and Taylor R.V1:I mplementation and application of single-vibrator ac-quisition.The Leading Edge,2008,27(5):604～608
[5]Howe D,Foster M,Allen Tand Taylor B.Independ-ent si multaneous sweeping-a method to increase theproductivity of land seismic crews.SEG TechnicalProgram Expanded Abstracts,2008,27:2826～2830
[6]Sallas J,Corrigan D and Allen K P.High-fidelity vi-bratory source method with source separation.USPatent 5,721710,1998
[7]Allen K P,Johnson M L,May J S.High fidelity vi-bratory seismic(HFVS)method for acquiring seismicdata.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1998,17:140～143
[8]Krohn C E and Johnson ML.High fidelity vibratoryseismic(HFVS)Ⅰ:Enhanced data quality.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,2003,22:43～46
[9]Krohn C E and Johnson ML.High fidelity vibratoryseismic(HFVS)Ⅱ:Superior source separation.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,2003,22:47～50
[10]Hufford J M,May J and Thomas J W.Union HFVSwith slip-sweep for i mproved spatial resolution andacquisition efficiency.SEG Technical Program Ex-panded Abstracts,2003,22:39～42
[11]Chiu S K,Eick P M.and Emmons C W.Systemandmethed of phase encoding for high fidelity vibratoryseismic data.US Patent 7,2007,295:490 B1
[12]Ras P,Daly Mand Baeten G.Harmonic distortion inslip sweep records.SEG Technical Program Ex-panded Abstracts,1999,18:609～612
[13]Chiu S K,Eick P P and Emmons C W.High fidelityvibratory seismic(HFVS):Opti mal phase encodingseletction.SEG Technical Program Expanded Ab-stracts,2005,24:37～40
[2]I HS International Crews.World Geophysical News,2009-7-1,21:12
[3]Rozemond HJ.Slip-sweepacquisition.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1996,15:64～67
[4]Postel J J,Meunier J,Bianchi T and Taylor R.V1:I mplementation and application of single-vibrator ac-quisition.The Leading Edge,2008,27(5):604～608
[5]Howe D,Foster M,Allen Tand Taylor B.Independ-ent si multaneous sweeping-a method to increase theproductivity of land seismic crews.SEG TechnicalProgram Expanded Abstracts,2008,27:2826～2830
[6]Sallas J,Corrigan D and Allen K P.High-fidelity vi-bratory source method with source separation.USPatent 5,721710,1998
[7]Allen K P,Johnson M L,May J S.High fidelity vi-bratory seismic(HFVS)method for acquiring seismicdata.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1998,17:140～143
[8]Krohn C E and Johnson ML.High fidelity vibratoryseismic(HFVS)Ⅰ:Enhanced data quality.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,2003,22:43～46
[9]Krohn C E and Johnson ML.High fidelity vibratoryseismic(HFVS)Ⅱ:Superior source separation.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,2003,22:47～50
[10]Hufford J M,May J and Thomas J W.Union HFVSwith slip-sweep for i mproved spatial resolution andacquisition efficiency.SEG Technical Program Ex-panded Abstracts,2003,22:39～42
[11]Chiu S K,Eick P M.and Emmons C W.Systemandmethed of phase encoding for high fidelity vibratoryseismic data.US Patent 7,2007,295:490 B1
[12]Ras P,Daly Mand Baeten G.Harmonic distortion inslip sweep records.SEG Technical Program Ex-panded Abstracts,1999,18:609～612
[13]Chiu S K,Eick P P and Emmons C W.High fidelityvibratory seismic(HFVS):Opti mal phase encodingseletction.SEG Technical Program Expanded Ab-stracts,2005,24:37～40
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