汶川地震地质灾害发育特点及动因机制分析
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摘要
汶川地震地质灾害具有发生范围大、密度大、明显的成群成带性、灾害类型以崩塌滑坡为主、且崩塌远多于滑坡以及次生地质灾害将长期存在的特点。这些特点主要是由于地震波自(地壳)内而外的、纵波和横波的连环传播导致山体先是结构性损伤,继而使表层岩土体失稳而造成的。岩性、地形地貌以及岩层倾向的差异也在一定程度上影响着灾害类型的发育和空间分布。汶川地震次生地质灾害防治将是一个任务艰巨、过程漫长、前所未有、充满科技挑战的一项系统工程。
Geological hazards of the Wenchuan Great Earthquake are characterized by a wide affecting range and a high density. The main types of the geological hazards are collapse and landslide, the collapse occurs far more frequently than the landslide, and the secondary geological hazards are likely to be existent for a long period in future. These characteristics are caused mainly by the spread of the seismic waves from the inside of the earth's crust to the surface as well as the spread of the P wave after S wave, which results in the harm to the mountain's inside structure, followed by the loss of the stability of the surface rock. The differences between lithology, landform and rock inclination exert to a certain extent influence on the geological type and the spatial distribution. In the post-earthquake reconstruction, the arduousness of the task and the protracted nature of the geological hazard control should be taken fully into account.
Geological hazards of the Wenchuan Great Earthquake are characterized by a wide affecting range and a high density. The main types of the geological hazards are collapse and landslide, the collapse occurs far more frequently than the landslide, and the secondary geological hazards are likely to be existent for a long period in future. These characteristics are caused mainly by the spread of the seismic waves from the inside of the earth's crust to the surface as well as the spread of the P wave after S wave, which results in the harm to the mountain's inside structure, followed by the loss of the stability of the surface rock. The differences between lithology, landform and rock inclination exert to a certain extent influence on the geological type and the spatial distribution. In the post-earthquake reconstruction, the arduousness of the task and the protracted nature of the geological hazard control should be taken fully into account.
引文
[1]汶川县城重建之争悬而未决专家态度激怒村民.新闻网.2008-07-12.Without conclusion about the debate of the Wenchuan town reconstruction,to enrage the village people by some specialist view,http://news.QQ.com,2008-07-12.
[2]汶川地震划定51个灾区县受灾总面积13万多平方公里人民网-社会频道2008-09-04.To delimit 51 disaster counties and disaster area covering130thousands km2.http://people.com.2008-09-04.
[3]成思,易家强.四川省汶川县地质灾害的成因及防治对策[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2007,18(4):1-6.Cheng Si,Yi Jiaqiang.Geological hazards and their preventions in Wenchuan county,Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2007,18(4):1-6.
[4]汶川地震成因解析.中国地调局网.2008-05-28.The genesis analysis of the Wenchuan earthquake.www.cgs.gov.cn.2008-05-28.
[5]地震波,百度百科网.2008-10-10.Seismic waves.http://baike.baidu.com/view/66121.htm-51k.2008-10-10.
[6]治理地质灾害是长期的事情用新观念新方法把灾害和影响降到最小.新华网.2008-05-22.Geological disaster control is a long-lasting task,to decrease disaster using new view and technique.www.XINHUANET.2008-05-22.
[2]汶川地震划定51个灾区县受灾总面积13万多平方公里人民网-社会频道2008-09-04.To delimit 51 disaster counties and disaster area covering130thousands km2.http://people.com.2008-09-04.
[3]成思,易家强.四川省汶川县地质灾害的成因及防治对策[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2007,18(4):1-6.Cheng Si,Yi Jiaqiang.Geological hazards and their preventions in Wenchuan county,Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2007,18(4):1-6.
[4]汶川地震成因解析.中国地调局网.2008-05-28.The genesis analysis of the Wenchuan earthquake.www.cgs.gov.cn.2008-05-28.
[5]地震波,百度百科网.2008-10-10.Seismic waves.http://baike.baidu.com/view/66121.htm-51k.2008-10-10.
[6]治理地质灾害是长期的事情用新观念新方法把灾害和影响降到最小.新华网.2008-05-22.Geological disaster control is a long-lasting task,to decrease disaster using new view and technique.www.XINHUANET.2008-05-22.
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