基于BISQ模型的泥质含量变化时移地震响应机制
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摘要
基于BISQ机制的双相介质模型,通过有效结合宏观条件和微观条件研究了地震波传播过程中的能量耗散和频散机制;基于泥砂岩岩石物理模型,分析了油藏注水开发条件下泥质含量变化引起的油藏弹性模量变化规律。在此基础上,通过双层地质模型时移地震响应数值模拟与差异属性分析,研究了油藏泥质含量变化前后P-P波和P-S转换波不同分量地震归一化均方根振幅属性随偏移距变化规律。结果表明,油藏泥质含量变化能够很好地模拟油田开发的动态过程,其引起的时移地震响应在不同分量和不同偏移距条件下差异清晰,P-P波、P-SV转换波归一化均方根振幅随偏移距变化差异明显,部分叠加处理技术将有利于提高时移地震处理与解释精度。
Based on two-phase BISQ model,energy diffusion and frequency dispersion of seismic wave field were studied under both macroscopic and microscopic condition.Based on siltstone rock physical model,the variation laws of reservoir elasticity modulus with clay content during water injecting development were analyzed.Furthermore,time-lapse seismic response numerical simulation and difference attribute analysis were studied.The variation laws of NRMS(normalize root-mean-square) amplitude with offset for both P-P and P-SV components were investigated before and after clay content changes in rock model.The results show that oil-field dynamic development process can be simulated well with the changes of reservoir clay content.The time-lapse seismic response is remarkable at different components and offsets.P-P and P-SV NMRS amplitudes have obvious discrepancy with offset changes.And partial stack process technique will improve the precision of time-lapse seismic processing and interpretation.
Based on two-phase BISQ model,energy diffusion and frequency dispersion of seismic wave field were studied under both macroscopic and microscopic condition.Based on siltstone rock physical model,the variation laws of reservoir elasticity modulus with clay content during water injecting development were analyzed.Furthermore,time-lapse seismic response numerical simulation and difference attribute analysis were studied.The variation laws of NRMS(normalize root-mean-square) amplitude with offset for both P-P and P-SV components were investigated before and after clay content changes in rock model.The results show that oil-field dynamic development process can be simulated well with the changes of reservoir clay content.The time-lapse seismic response is remarkable at different components and offsets.P-P and P-SV NMRS amplitudes have obvious discrepancy with offset changes.And partial stack process technique will improve the precision of time-lapse seismic processing and interpretation.
引文
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[2]赵伟.中国海上时移地震技术应用的可行性研究[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(1):30-34.ZHAO Wei.Feasibility study on time-lapse seismicoffshore China[J].Progress in Exploration Geophys-ics,2003,26(1):30-34.
[3]DVORKIN J,NUR A.Dynamic poroelasticity:a uni-fied model with the squirt and the Biot mechanisms[J].Geophysics,1993,58:524-533.
[4]杨宽德,杨丁辉,王书强.基于Biot-Squirt方程的波场模拟[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(6):853-861.YANG Kuan-de,YANG Ding-hui,WANG Shu-qiang.Wave-field simulation based on the Biot-Squirtequation[J].Chinese J Geophys,2002,45(6):853-861.
[5]杨宽德,杨丁辉,王书强.基于横向各向同性BISQ方程的弹性波传播数值模拟[J].地震学报,2002,24(6):599-606.YANG Kuan-de,YANG Ding-hui,WANG Shu-qiang.Numerical simulation of elastic wave propaga-tion based on the transversely isotropic BISQ equation[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2002,24(6):599-606.
[6]何樵登.地震波理论[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,2005.
[7]朱建伟,何樵登,田志禹.基于BISQ机制的含油水孔隙介质地震波波动方程[J].石油物探,2001,40(4):8-13.ZHU Jian-wei,HE Qiao-deng,TIAN Zhi-yu.BISQ basedseismic wave equation in oil-and water-bearing porous media[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2001,40(4):8-13.
[8]RUSSELL B H,HEDLINK K,HILTERMAN F J,et al.Fluid-property discrimination with AVO:a Biot-Gassmann perspective[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):29-39.
[9]GASSMANN F.Elastic waves through a packing ofspheres[J].Geophysics,1951,16(4):673-685.
[10]BIOT M A.Theory of propagation of elastic waves ina fluid-saturated porous solid:I.low-frequency range[J].Acoustical Society of America,1956,28(2):168-178.
[11]MAVKO G,NUR A.The effect of non-ellipticalcracks on the compressibility of rocks[J].Journal ofGeophysical Research,1978,83(B9):4459-4468.
[12]WALSH J B,GROSENBAUGH M A.A new modelfor analyzing the effect of fractures on compressibility[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1979,84(B7):3532-3536.
[13]CASTAGNA J P,BATZLE M L,EASTWOOD RL.Relationships between compressional-wave andshear-wave velocities in clastic silicate rocks[J].Ge-ophysics,1985,50(4):571-581.
[14]HAN De-hua,NUR A,MORGAN Dale.Effects ofporosity and clay content on wave velocities in sand-stones[J].Geophysics,1986,51(11):2093-2107.
[15]MAVKO G,MUKERJI T,DVORKIN J.Rockphysics handbook[M].Cambridge:Cambridge U-niversity Press,1998.
[16]李景叶,陈小宏,金龙.时移地震AVO反演在油藏定量解释中的应用[J].石油学报,2005,26(3):68-73.LI Jing-ye,CHEN Xiao-hong,JIN Long.Applica-tion of time-lapse seismic AVO inversion to quantita-tive interpretation of reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sin-ica,2005,26(3)68-73.
[17]李景叶,陈小宏,郝振江,等.多波时移地震AVO反演研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4):902-908.LI Jing-ye,CHEN Xiao-hong,HAO Zhen-jiang,etal.A study on multiple time-lapse seismic AVO in-version[J].Chinese Journal Geophys,2005,48(4):902-908.
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