中国大陆科学钻探孔区的垂直地震剖面调查
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摘要
苏鲁超高压变质带的研究对了解发生在地幔深处的大陆动力学作用具有重要意义.近年来在此带中进行了大陆科学钻探和以深反射地震为主导的详细的综合地球物理调查,为研究超高压变质带地壳上地幔组构提供了难得的基础资料.根据大陆科学钻探工程的安排,在钻探取心,测井和地面三维地震观测的同时,还在5000m的钻孔中用三分量数字检波器,对地表激发传播到井中的地震波场作垂直地震剖面(VSP)观测,目的是将传感器放在钻孔内,近距离、高精度和高分辨率地观测井周围由于超高压变质带的构造特征和岩石岩性特征引起的波场变化.通过零偏移距和非零偏移距VSP调查,我们首次在超高压变质带取得了深度达5000m的精细的横波速度和泊松比等地球物理属性数据,作出了钻井岩心柱、测井、VSP纵波速度、横波速度和纵横波速度比、VSP上行波和地面地震资料的桥式综合对比图,使不同尺度的地质和地球物理调查资料互相连接在一起.零偏和非零偏VSP观测可以标定主孔地质剖面各深度地质体的地震反射特性、井旁地震剖面上各个同相轴的地质属性,并对井旁局部地质构造作精细成像.由此观测取得的横波速度资料,成为建立孔区横波速度模型主要的资料来源,这种模型也是地面多波观测数据处理不可缺少的.因此,建议在进行大陆科学钻探时尽可能安排VSP地震调查.
The research on the Sulu ultra-high-pressure metamorphic belt has great significance for understanding the continental geodynamic processes that occurred in the deep mantle. In recent years,Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling and detailed comprehensive geophysical investigation including deep seismic reflection have been carried out. These offered rare basic data for the research of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt,the earth's crust and upper mantle fabrics. The drill-hole cores offered the direct data of composition,structure and construction of deep rocks,in which feature scale is merely a few centimeters. However,drill-hole and well-logging can only survey in one dimension. Therefore three dimensional seismic data should be calibrated with both spatial and time sampling scales for comparing drill-core and well-logging data. The survey of offset and non-offset vertical seismic profile serves to provide good links between the cores and well-logging data with seismic reflection events,show their geological attributes,and imaging structural details of around-hole rocks. In addition,the VSP data provide S-wave velocity profile along the hole that is the primary source for building the S-wave velocity. Besides,as a result of using digital three-component geophones,various information of structure and rock properties in drilling area was obtained,such as shear wave velocity model in the scientific drilling area,which is pre-required in the data processing of multi-wave exploration. In conclusion,this work suggests VSP investigation be carried out in continental scientific drilling project in crystalline rock areas, it seems possible and feasible.
The research on the Sulu ultra-high-pressure metamorphic belt has great significance for understanding the continental geodynamic processes that occurred in the deep mantle. In recent years,Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling and detailed comprehensive geophysical investigation including deep seismic reflection have been carried out. These offered rare basic data for the research of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt,the earth's crust and upper mantle fabrics. The drill-hole cores offered the direct data of composition,structure and construction of deep rocks,in which feature scale is merely a few centimeters. However,drill-hole and well-logging can only survey in one dimension. Therefore three dimensional seismic data should be calibrated with both spatial and time sampling scales for comparing drill-core and well-logging data. The survey of offset and non-offset vertical seismic profile serves to provide good links between the cores and well-logging data with seismic reflection events,show their geological attributes,and imaging structural details of around-hole rocks. In addition,the VSP data provide S-wave velocity profile along the hole that is the primary source for building the S-wave velocity. Besides,as a result of using digital three-component geophones,various information of structure and rock properties in drilling area was obtained,such as shear wave velocity model in the scientific drilling area,which is pre-required in the data processing of multi-wave exploration. In conclusion,this work suggests VSP investigation be carried out in continental scientific drilling project in crystalline rock areas, it seems possible and feasible.
引文
[1]杨文采,程振炎,张春贺.中国科学钻探选址地球物理调查与大别-苏鲁岩石圈.地球学报,2003,24(5):391~404Yang WC,Cheng Z Y,Zhang C H.Geophysical investigation for site-selection of Chinese continental scientific drilling and Dabie-Sulu lithosphere.Acta Geoscientia Sinica(in Chinese),2003,24(5):391~404
[2]杨文采,张春贺,朱光明.标定大陆科学钻探孔区地震反射体.地球物理学报,2002,45(3):370~384Yang WC,Zhang C H,Zhu G M.Calibration of seismic reflectors inferred from observations at the Chinese continental drilling area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(3):370~384
[3]杨文采,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区三维地震资料的初步解释.岩石学报,2004,20(1):127~138Yang WC,Yang W Y,Cheng Z Y.Interpretation of3D seismic reflection data in the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling site.Acta Petrologica Sinica,2004,20(1):127~138
[4]Cong B,Wang Q,Zhai M,et al.UHP metamorphic rocks in the Dabie-Sulu region,China:their formation and exhumation.Island Arc,1994,3:135~150
[5]Liou J G,Maruyama S,Ernst WG.Seeing a mountain in a grain of garnet.Science,1997,27(4):48~49
[6]Ernst WG,Maruyama S,Wallis S.Buoyancy-driven,rapid exhumation of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphosed continental crust.Proc.National AcademyofSciences,1997,94:9532~9537
[7]Hacker B R,Sharp T,Zhang R Y,et al.Determining the origin of ultra-high pressure lherzolites.Science,1997,278(10):702~704
[8]许志琴,张泽民,刘福来等.中国大陆科学钻探主孔1200米构造柱及变形构造初步解析.岩石学报,2004,20(1):53~72Xu Z Q,Zhang Z M,Liu F L,et al.The structure profile of0~1200minthe main borehole,Chinese Continental Scientific Drillingandits preliminary deformation analysis.Acta Petrologica Sinica(in Chinese),2004,20(1):53~72
[9]杨文采,胡振远,程振炎等.郯城—涟水综合地球物理剖面.地球物理学报,1999,42(2):206~217Yang WC,Hu Z Y,Cheng Z Y,et al.Long profile of geophysical investigationsfromTanchengto Lianshui,east-central China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(2):206~217
[10]杨文采,程振炎,陈国九等.苏鲁超高压变质带北部地球物理调查(Ⅰ)—深反射地震.地球物理学报,1999,42(1):16~27Yang WC,Cheng Z Y,Chen GJ,et al.Geophysical investigations of northern Sulu UHPMbelt(Ⅰ):Deepseismic reflection.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(1):16~27
[11]杨文采,方慧,程振炎等.苏鲁超高压变质带北部地球物理调查(Ⅱ)—非地震方法.地球物理学报,1999,42(2):508~519Yang WC,Fang H,Cheng Z Y,et al.Geophysical investigations of northern Sulu UHPMbelt(Ⅱ):Non-seismic methods.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(3):508~519
[12]姜枚,王有学,宿和平.宽频地震方法技术在地震探测工作中的应用.地质学报,2003,22(7):536~539Jiang M,Wang Y X,Su H P.Wide-frequency teleseis and its application to seismic exploration.Acta Geologica Sinaca(in Chinese),2003,22(7):536~539
[13]Kern H,Jin Z,Gao S,et al.Physical properties of UHPMrocks from the Sulu terrain,eastern central China:implications for the seismic structure at Donghai(CCSD)drilling site.Tectonophysics,2002,354:315~330
[14]陈意,金振民,欧新功等.韧性剪切带中片麻岩和超高压榴辉岩变形特征及其与地震波速各向异性的关系.岩石学报,2004,20(1):97~108Chen Y,Jin Z M,Ou X G,et al.Deformation features of gneiss and UHP eclogite from ductile shear zone and its relation with seismic velocity anisotropy:Evidences fromcore samples at depth of680~1200mof CCSD.Acta Petrologica Sinica,2004,20(1):97~108
[15]Yang WC.Crustal structure and development of Dabie UHPM Terrane in East-Central China.Continental Dynamics,1998,3(1-2):86~95
[16]Yang WC.Analysis of deep intracontinental subduction.Episodes,2000,23(1):20~24
[17]Yang WC.Geophysical profiling across the Sulu ultra-high-pressure metamorphic belt,Eastern China.Tectonophysics,2002,354:277~288
[18]Yang WC.Flat mantle reflectorsin eastern China:possible evidence of lithospheric thinning.Tectonophysics,2003,369(3-4):219~230
[19]杨文采,杨午阳,金振民等.苏鲁超高压变质带岩石圈地震组构.中国科学,2004,34(4):307~319Yang WC,Yang WY,Jin Z M,et al.Lithospheric seismic fabrics of Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt.Science in China(in Chinese),2005,48(5):585~600
[20]杨文采,汪集.苏鲁地区地壳岩浆底侵的地球物理判识.地质学报,2002,76(2):173~179Yang WC,Wang J Y.Geophysical evidences for crustal magmatic underplating in Sulu area.Acta Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),2002,76(2):173~179
[21]杨文采,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区的地震波速模型.地球物理学报,2006,49(2):477~489Yang WC,Yang W Y,Cheng Z Y.Seismic velocity model of the Chinese continental scientific drilling site.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(2):477~489
[22]杨文采,刘光林,胡立新等.中国大陆科学钻探孔区全观式地震采集三维技术.地球物理学报,2006,49(3):735~744Yang WC,Liu G L,Hu L X,et al.All-laid-out three-dimensional seismic survey at the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling site.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(3):735~744
[23]何丽娟、胡圣标、杨文采等.中国大陆科学钻探主孔动态地温测量.地球物理学报,2006,49(3):745~752He LJ,Hu S B,Yang WC,et al.Temperature measurement in the main hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling site.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(2):477~489
[24]杨文采,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区地震反射的标定.地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1682~1692Yang WC,Yang WY,Cheng Z Y.Calibration of seismic reflectors at the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling site.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(6):1682~1692
[25]杨文采.地球物理反演的理论与方法.北京:地质出版社,1997.1~246Yang WC.Theory and Methods in Geophysical Inversion.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1997.1~246
[26]牛一雄,潘和平,王文先等.中国大陆科学钻探主孔(0~2000m)地球物理测井.岩石学报,2003,20(1):165~178Niu Y X,Pan HP,Wang WX,et al.Geophysical well logging in main hole(0~2000m)of Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling.Acta Petrologica Sinica,2004,20(1):165~178
[27]杨文采,朱光明,杨振华等.中国大陆科学钻探孔区数字三分量反射地震调查.地球物理学报,2007,50(3):780~790Yang WC,Zhu G M,Yang Z H,et al.Three-component seismic profiling at the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling site.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(3):780~790
[2]杨文采,张春贺,朱光明.标定大陆科学钻探孔区地震反射体.地球物理学报,2002,45(3):370~384Yang WC,Zhang C H,Zhu G M.Calibration of seismic reflectors inferred from observations at the Chinese continental drilling area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(3):370~384
[3]杨文采,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区三维地震资料的初步解释.岩石学报,2004,20(1):127~138Yang WC,Yang W Y,Cheng Z Y.Interpretation of3D seismic reflection data in the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling site.Acta Petrologica Sinica,2004,20(1):127~138
[4]Cong B,Wang Q,Zhai M,et al.UHP metamorphic rocks in the Dabie-Sulu region,China:their formation and exhumation.Island Arc,1994,3:135~150
[5]Liou J G,Maruyama S,Ernst WG.Seeing a mountain in a grain of garnet.Science,1997,27(4):48~49
[6]Ernst WG,Maruyama S,Wallis S.Buoyancy-driven,rapid exhumation of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphosed continental crust.Proc.National AcademyofSciences,1997,94:9532~9537
[7]Hacker B R,Sharp T,Zhang R Y,et al.Determining the origin of ultra-high pressure lherzolites.Science,1997,278(10):702~704
[8]许志琴,张泽民,刘福来等.中国大陆科学钻探主孔1200米构造柱及变形构造初步解析.岩石学报,2004,20(1):53~72Xu Z Q,Zhang Z M,Liu F L,et al.The structure profile of0~1200minthe main borehole,Chinese Continental Scientific Drillingandits preliminary deformation analysis.Acta Petrologica Sinica(in Chinese),2004,20(1):53~72
[9]杨文采,胡振远,程振炎等.郯城—涟水综合地球物理剖面.地球物理学报,1999,42(2):206~217Yang WC,Hu Z Y,Cheng Z Y,et al.Long profile of geophysical investigationsfromTanchengto Lianshui,east-central China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(2):206~217
[10]杨文采,程振炎,陈国九等.苏鲁超高压变质带北部地球物理调查(Ⅰ)—深反射地震.地球物理学报,1999,42(1):16~27Yang WC,Cheng Z Y,Chen GJ,et al.Geophysical investigations of northern Sulu UHPMbelt(Ⅰ):Deepseismic reflection.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(1):16~27
[11]杨文采,方慧,程振炎等.苏鲁超高压变质带北部地球物理调查(Ⅱ)—非地震方法.地球物理学报,1999,42(2):508~519Yang WC,Fang H,Cheng Z Y,et al.Geophysical investigations of northern Sulu UHPMbelt(Ⅱ):Non-seismic methods.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(3):508~519
[12]姜枚,王有学,宿和平.宽频地震方法技术在地震探测工作中的应用.地质学报,2003,22(7):536~539Jiang M,Wang Y X,Su H P.Wide-frequency teleseis and its application to seismic exploration.Acta Geologica Sinaca(in Chinese),2003,22(7):536~539
[13]Kern H,Jin Z,Gao S,et al.Physical properties of UHPMrocks from the Sulu terrain,eastern central China:implications for the seismic structure at Donghai(CCSD)drilling site.Tectonophysics,2002,354:315~330
[14]陈意,金振民,欧新功等.韧性剪切带中片麻岩和超高压榴辉岩变形特征及其与地震波速各向异性的关系.岩石学报,2004,20(1):97~108Chen Y,Jin Z M,Ou X G,et al.Deformation features of gneiss and UHP eclogite from ductile shear zone and its relation with seismic velocity anisotropy:Evidences fromcore samples at depth of680~1200mof CCSD.Acta Petrologica Sinica,2004,20(1):97~108
[15]Yang WC.Crustal structure and development of Dabie UHPM Terrane in East-Central China.Continental Dynamics,1998,3(1-2):86~95
[16]Yang WC.Analysis of deep intracontinental subduction.Episodes,2000,23(1):20~24
[17]Yang WC.Geophysical profiling across the Sulu ultra-high-pressure metamorphic belt,Eastern China.Tectonophysics,2002,354:277~288
[18]Yang WC.Flat mantle reflectorsin eastern China:possible evidence of lithospheric thinning.Tectonophysics,2003,369(3-4):219~230
[19]杨文采,杨午阳,金振民等.苏鲁超高压变质带岩石圈地震组构.中国科学,2004,34(4):307~319Yang WC,Yang WY,Jin Z M,et al.Lithospheric seismic fabrics of Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt.Science in China(in Chinese),2005,48(5):585~600
[20]杨文采,汪集.苏鲁地区地壳岩浆底侵的地球物理判识.地质学报,2002,76(2):173~179Yang WC,Wang J Y.Geophysical evidences for crustal magmatic underplating in Sulu area.Acta Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),2002,76(2):173~179
[21]杨文采,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区的地震波速模型.地球物理学报,2006,49(2):477~489Yang WC,Yang W Y,Cheng Z Y.Seismic velocity model of the Chinese continental scientific drilling site.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(2):477~489
[22]杨文采,刘光林,胡立新等.中国大陆科学钻探孔区全观式地震采集三维技术.地球物理学报,2006,49(3):735~744Yang WC,Liu G L,Hu L X,et al.All-laid-out three-dimensional seismic survey at the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling site.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(3):735~744
[23]何丽娟、胡圣标、杨文采等.中国大陆科学钻探主孔动态地温测量.地球物理学报,2006,49(3):745~752He LJ,Hu S B,Yang WC,et al.Temperature measurement in the main hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling site.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(2):477~489
[24]杨文采,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区地震反射的标定.地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1682~1692Yang WC,Yang WY,Cheng Z Y.Calibration of seismic reflectors at the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling site.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(6):1682~1692
[25]杨文采.地球物理反演的理论与方法.北京:地质出版社,1997.1~246Yang WC.Theory and Methods in Geophysical Inversion.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1997.1~246
[26]牛一雄,潘和平,王文先等.中国大陆科学钻探主孔(0~2000m)地球物理测井.岩石学报,2003,20(1):165~178Niu Y X,Pan HP,Wang WX,et al.Geophysical well logging in main hole(0~2000m)of Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling.Acta Petrologica Sinica,2004,20(1):165~178
[27]杨文采,朱光明,杨振华等.中国大陆科学钻探孔区数字三分量反射地震调查.地球物理学报,2007,50(3):780~790Yang WC,Zhu G M,Yang Z H,et al.Three-component seismic profiling at the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling site.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(3):780~790
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