高精度三维地震(Ⅲ):资料解释与配套技术
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摘要
随着油气勘探目标越来越复杂和油气田开发程度的加深,迫切需要提高三维地震勘探的精度,加快实施高精度三维地震。高精度三维地震可理解为在高分辨率三维地震勘探的基础上,实现高精度三维偏移成像。它与精细三维地震有一定的区别。精细三维地震强调的是工作做精做细,这样可以确保三维地震效果的稳定;细中见大,可以产生巨大的勘探效益。但要提高精度,除工作的精细以外,还必须有高新技术的含量,技术上还有许多问题需要研究和开发,这为地球物理技术发展提供了一个广阔的空间。提高三维地震勘探的精度与许多因素有关,涉及到勘探以外的多个学科,并与当代高新技术水平直接相关。从地震勘探技术本身的一些环节出发,简要地提出了一些问题并进行了简单的分析和讨论,内容包括地震数据采集、地震数据处理、地震数据解释、提高地震勘探分辨率、与地震技术紧密相关的配套技术以及勘探技术一体化的思路等6个方面。围绕提高三维地震勘探的精度问题,阐述了每一个方面所发挥的作用以及它们所处的地位,最后阐述了作者的一些认识。在整个讨论过程中,强调的是处理问题的思路和方法,以及技术的实际应用技巧和实际应用效果,而不是每一个方法的具体细节和公式推导,因而是是一份实用性较强的培训教材。
As the exploration targets are getting more and more complicated and the development of hydrocarbon reservoir goes into depth,it is urgent to implement high precision 3-D seismic to improve the precision of 3-D seismic exploration.High precision 3-D seismic can be understood as accomplishing high precision 3-D migration based on high resolution 3-D seismic exploration.It differs from fine 3-D seismic to some extent.Fine 3-D seismic emphasizes on paying attention to the smallest details to ensure the stability of 3-D seismic exploration results.Great exploration benefits can be achieved by meticulous work.As far as the improvement of exploration is concerned,besides delicate work,it needs new and sophisticated technologies.There are a great deal of problems to be solved in research and development.Many factors affect the accuracy of 3-D seismic.Some of them are related to disciplines beyond geophysics,and they are also directly related to the level of development of modern technology.Based on the natural phrases of seismic prospecting,this paper put forward some problems to be solved and briefly discussed some possible solutions.Topics covered include seismic data acquisition,data processing,data interpretation,improving resolution of seismic prospecting,complementary technologies,and integration of exploration technologies.The author discussed their different roles in improving the accuracy of 3-D seismic with emphasis on the ideas,approaches,and practical skills to solve these problems and their effectiveness rather than the formulism and implementing details of each method.This paper may be viewed as a training material.
As the exploration targets are getting more and more complicated and the development of hydrocarbon reservoir goes into depth,it is urgent to implement high precision 3-D seismic to improve the precision of 3-D seismic exploration.High precision 3-D seismic can be understood as accomplishing high precision 3-D migration based on high resolution 3-D seismic exploration.It differs from fine 3-D seismic to some extent.Fine 3-D seismic emphasizes on paying attention to the smallest details to ensure the stability of 3-D seismic exploration results.Great exploration benefits can be achieved by meticulous work.As far as the improvement of exploration is concerned,besides delicate work,it needs new and sophisticated technologies.There are a great deal of problems to be solved in research and development.Many factors affect the accuracy of 3-D seismic.Some of them are related to disciplines beyond geophysics,and they are also directly related to the level of development of modern technology.Based on the natural phrases of seismic prospecting,this paper put forward some problems to be solved and briefly discussed some possible solutions.Topics covered include seismic data acquisition,data processing,data interpretation,improving resolution of seismic prospecting,complementary technologies,and integration of exploration technologies.The author discussed their different roles in improving the accuracy of 3-D seismic with emphasis on the ideas,approaches,and practical skills to solve these problems and their effectiveness rather than the formulism and implementing details of each method.This paper may be viewed as a training material.
引文
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14熊翥著.21世纪初中期油气地球物理技术展望[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.444
2李庆忠著.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.196
3熊翥.地震记录道的振幅包络、瞬时相位、瞬时频率[J].石油物探,1980,19(1):83～92
4中国石油报.2007年国外石油科技十大进展[N].中国石油报,20080115(3).
5张宏.地震谱分解算法对比与局限性分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(6):409～414
6俞寿朋著.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.189
7马在田.地震偏移成像广义空间分辨率的定量计算[J].油气地球物理,2004,2(3):1～14
8熊翥.高精度三维地震(Ⅱ):数据处理[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(2):81～95
9孙建国.深度域处理解释技术[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(6):381～392
10郭建.VSP技术应用现状及发展趋势[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(1):1～8
11Stewart R R,Zhang Q.2-D and3-D VSP interpreta-tion:Blackfoot field,Alberta[EB/OL].http://www.crewes.org/Reports/1997-1997-11.pdf
12姚忠瑞,王延光,王成礼,等.3D VSP波动方程深度偏移成像方法研究[J].油气地球物理,2007,5(2):16～20
13阙维明,张锦智主编.现代科技管理辞典[M].广州:广东高等教育出版社,1986.609
14熊翥著.21世纪初中期油气地球物理技术展望[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.444
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