汶川8.0级地震对紫坪铺左岸坝前堆积体稳定性影响的监测分析
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摘要
钻孔倾斜仪观测成果表明,紫坪铺水库蓄水至汶川8.0级地震前,左岸坝前堆积体处于稳定状态,坡体观测位移无明显变化且计算的位移矢量无明显的方向性。汶川8.0级地震给距震中仅17 km紫坪铺工程带来了明显影响。根据监测成果及现场调查分析,汶川8.0级地震对紫坪铺左岸坝前堆积体产生了一定程度的影响:灯盏坪前缘浅表部局部崩塌与裂缝;基覆界面受地震影响产生了明显错动,位错增量最大值为60～70 mm;在错动面以上坡体位移随高程增加而增加,地表累计合位移增量为55～100 mm,局部高达206 mm。地震使坡体位移形成了明确的方向,震后地表位移矢量与汶川地震断裂带走向大致垂直。地震使堆积体内部土体产生了明显的倾斜变形,钻孔倾斜率变化最大值为1.873‰。坡体的变形异常主要表现在主震时,后期的余震对坡体变形影响很小。从震后连续的监测成果分析,紫坪铺左岸坝前堆积体目前仍处于整体稳定阶段。
The borehole inclinometer monitoring results indicate that the talus slope at the left riverbank in front of the dam of Zipingpu hydraulic project is stable until Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake,for no significant changes of displacements are observed in the slope and no obvious direction is found in the calculated displacement vectors.The Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake has brought negative effect on Zipingpu hydraulic project,which is only 17 km from the epicenter.According to the monitoring results and field investigation,the influence of the earthquake on the talus slope can be summarized as follows.Some local collapses and cracks appear on the surface of the front slope of Dengzhanping plateau,and an obvious dislocation was produced in the joint surface between bedrock and overlying talus.The maximum offset of the joint surface is 60 to 70 mm;above the surface,the displacement increases as the elevation and reaches ground with a range of 55 to 100 mm,and the maximum value is 206 mm.The displacement is formed at a specific direction due to the earthquake;and the vector is vertical approximately to the fault of Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake.The inclination of the observed hole is remarkable with a maximum rate of 1.873‰.The deformation was influenced mainly by main shock and hardly by the aftershock.The continuous monitoring data of post-earthquake show the talus slope is globally stable.
The borehole inclinometer monitoring results indicate that the talus slope at the left riverbank in front of the dam of Zipingpu hydraulic project is stable until Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake,for no significant changes of displacements are observed in the slope and no obvious direction is found in the calculated displacement vectors.The Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake has brought negative effect on Zipingpu hydraulic project,which is only 17 km from the epicenter.According to the monitoring results and field investigation,the influence of the earthquake on the talus slope can be summarized as follows.Some local collapses and cracks appear on the surface of the front slope of Dengzhanping plateau,and an obvious dislocation was produced in the joint surface between bedrock and overlying talus.The maximum offset of the joint surface is 60 to 70 mm;above the surface,the displacement increases as the elevation and reaches ground with a range of 55 to 100 mm,and the maximum value is 206 mm.The displacement is formed at a specific direction due to the earthquake;and the vector is vertical approximately to the fault of Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake.The inclination of the observed hole is remarkable with a maximum rate of 1.873‰.The deformation was influenced mainly by main shock and hardly by the aftershock.The continuous monitoring data of post-earthquake show the talus slope is globally stable.
引文
[1]http://www.csi.ac.cn/sichuan/index080512.htm[EB/OL].2009–01–16.
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[14]王尚庆.回顾新滩滑坡预报[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1996,(增):11–19,26.(WANG Shangqing.Review on prediction of Xintan landslide[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,1996,(Supp.):11–19,26.(in Chinese))
[15]秦四清,王思敬.斜坡滑动失稳演化的非线性机制与过程研究进展[J].地球与环境,2005,33(3):75–82.(QIN Siqing,WANG Sijing.Advances in research on nonlinear evolutionary mechanisms and process of instabilization of planar-slip slope[J].Earth and Environment,2005,33(3):75–82.(in Chinese))
[2]黄润秋,李为乐.“5.12”汶川地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2 585–2 592.(HUANG Runqiu,LI Weile.Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May,2008[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(12):2 585–2 592.(in Chinese))
[3]周荣军,黄润秋,雷建成,等.四川汶川8.0级地震地表破裂与震害特点[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(11):2 173–2 183.(ZHOU Rongjun,HUANG Runqiu,LEI Jiancheng,et al.Surface rupture and hazard characteristics of Wenchuan earthquake with magnitude 8.0 in Sichuan Province[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(11):2 173–2 183.(in Chinese))
[4]谢和平,邓建辉,台佳佳,等.汶川大地震灾害与灾区重建的岩土工程问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1 781–1 791.(XIE Heping,DENG Jianhui,TAI Jiajia,et al.Wenchuan large earthquake and post-earthquake reconstruction-related geotechnical problems[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1 781–1 791.(in Chinese))
[5]崔鹏,韦方强,何思明,等.“5.12”汶川地震诱发的山地灾害及减灾措施[J].山地学报,2008,26(3):280–282.(CUI Peng,WEI Fangqiang,HE Siming,et al.Mountain disasters induced by the earthquake of May 12,2008 in Wenchuan and the disasters mitigation[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2008,26(3):280–282.(in Chinese))
[6]郑声安,王仁坤,章建跃,等.汶川地震对岷江上游水电工程的影响分析[J].水力发电,2008,34(11):5–9.(ZHENG Sheng′an,WANG Renkun,ZHANG Jianyao,et al.Influence analysis of Wenchuan earthquake on the hydropower projects in the upstream of the Minjiang river[J].Water Power,2008,34(11):5–9.(in Chinese))
[7]杨建,彭仕雄.紫坪铺水利枢纽工程:重大工程地质问题研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006:40–61.(YANG Jian,PENG Shixiong.Research on major geological issues for Zipingpu hydraulic project[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2006:40–61.(in Chinese))
[8]陈祖煜.土质边坡稳定分析——原理.方法.程序[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003:495–501.(CHEN Zuyu.Soil slope stability analysis—theory,methods and programs[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2003:495–501.(in Chinese))
[9]徐湘涛,汪家林,黄润秋.紫坪铺水利枢纽工程左岸坝前堆积体变形破坏机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增1):2 642–2 650.(XU Xiangtao,WANG Jialin,HUANG Runqiu.Research on deformation and failure mechanism of the talus slope located at the left riverbank ahead of the dam of Zipingpu hydraulic project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Supp.1):2 642–2 650.(in Chinese))
[10]邹波忠,汪家林,徐湘涛,等.紫坪铺水利枢纽工程左岸坝前堆积体治理措施评价[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2008,19(4):101–104.(ZOU Bozhong,WANG Jialin,XU Xiangtao,et al.Evaluation on treatment measure of the talus slope located at the left riverbank ahead of the dam of Zipingpu hydraulic project[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2008,19(4):101–104.(in Chinese))
[11]贺可强,阳吉宝,王思敬.堆积层边坡位移矢量角的形成作用机制及其与稳定性演化关系的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(2):185–192.(HE Keqiang,YANG Jibao,WANG Sijing.Study on forming mechanism of displacement vector angle and stability evolution relation of accumulative-formation slopes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(2):185–192.(in Chinese))
[12]黄润秋.20世纪以来中国的大型滑坡及其发生机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(3):433–454.(HUANG Runqiu.Large-scale landslides and their sliding mechanisms in China since the 20th century[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(3):433–454.(in Chinese))
[13]邹丽春,王国进,汤献良,等.复杂高边坡整治理论与工程实践[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.(ZOU Lichun,WANG Guojin,TANG Xianliang,et al.Theory and engineering practice on treatment of complicated high slope[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[14]王尚庆.回顾新滩滑坡预报[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1996,(增):11–19,26.(WANG Shangqing.Review on prediction of Xintan landslide[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,1996,(Supp.):11–19,26.(in Chinese))
[15]秦四清,王思敬.斜坡滑动失稳演化的非线性机制与过程研究进展[J].地球与环境,2005,33(3):75–82.(QIN Siqing,WANG Sijing.Advances in research on nonlinear evolutionary mechanisms and process of instabilization of planar-slip slope[J].Earth and Environment,2005,33(3):75–82.(in Chinese))
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