GIS支持下基于层次分析法的汶川地震区滑坡易发性评价
摘要
2008年5月12日14时28分,四川汶川发生了Ms8.0级大地震,地震诱发了数以万计的滑坡灾害。在大约48678km2的区域内,采用震后遥感影像解译并结合野外调查的方法,共解译出48007个滑坡。应用GIS技术,建立了汶川地震诱发滑坡灾害及相关地形、地质空间数据库,分析了断层、岩性、高程、坡度、坡向、河流、公路等7个因素与滑坡分布的关系,应用滑坡面积百分比这一标准来分别衡量每个因素中各个级别对滑坡的影响程度;然后使用层次分析法对这7个参数进行权重分析;在GIS平台下对这些参数进行综合分析,通过分析结果将研究区内滑坡按易发程度分为极高易发区、高易发区、中易发区、低易发区与极低易发区5类,极高易发区与高易发区面积约8211km2,占研究区总面积的16.9%;最后,使用汶川地震滑坡数据库对研究结果进行检验,检验曲线表明分区效果良好,其中极高易发区与高易发区内实际发生滑坡面积为430km2,占滑坡总面积的60.5%。
On 12 May 2008,a catastrophic earthquake with surface wave magnitude of 8.0 struck the Sichuan Province of China.Tens of thousand of landslides were triggered by this earthquake over a broad area.48 007 landslides were interpreted from aerial photographs and multi-source remote sensing imageries,verified by field check.A spatial database,including landslides and associated controlling parameters which may have influence on the occurrence of landslides,was developed and analyzed using geographical information system(GIS) technology.The correlations of landslide distribution with controlling parameters,including faults,lithology,elevation,slope angle,slope aspect,drainages and roads are firstly analyzed,and landslide area-ratio was calculated for each group of the above parameters.An analytical hierarchy process(AHP) was then applied to determine the significance of controlling parameters in triggering the landslides.The resulting susceptibility map showed five classes of landslide susceptibility,i.e.extremely high,high,moderate,low,and extremely low.The area with extremely high and high susceptibility accounts for about 8 211 km2,16.9% of the study area.This indicates that the result is reasonable in 60.5% of the landslides occurred in high or extremely high susceptibility region.
On 12 May 2008,a catastrophic earthquake with surface wave magnitude of 8.0 struck the Sichuan Province of China.Tens of thousand of landslides were triggered by this earthquake over a broad area.48 007 landslides were interpreted from aerial photographs and multi-source remote sensing imageries,verified by field check.A spatial database,including landslides and associated controlling parameters which may have influence on the occurrence of landslides,was developed and analyzed using geographical information system(GIS) technology.The correlations of landslide distribution with controlling parameters,including faults,lithology,elevation,slope angle,slope aspect,drainages and roads are firstly analyzed,and landslide area-ratio was calculated for each group of the above parameters.An analytical hierarchy process(AHP) was then applied to determine the significance of controlling parameters in triggering the landslides.The resulting susceptibility map showed five classes of landslide susceptibility,i.e.extremely high,high,moderate,low,and extremely low.The area with extremely high and high susceptibility accounts for about 8 211 km2,16.9% of the study area.This indicates that the result is reasonable in 60.5% of the landslides occurred in high or extremely high susceptibility region.
引文
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[12]黄润秋,李为乐.“5.12”汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2585-2592.(HUANG Runqiu,LI Weile.Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on12th May,2008[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(12):2585-2592.(in Chinese))
[13]黄润秋,李为乐.汶川大地震触发地质灾害的断层效应分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):19-28.(HUANG Runqiu,LI Weile.Fault effect analysis of geo-hazard triggered by Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):19-28.(in Chinese))
[14]祁生文,许强,刘春玲,等.汶川地震极重灾区地质背景及次生斜坡灾害空间发育规律[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):39-49.(QI Shengwen,XU Qiang,LIU Chunling,et al.Slope instabilities in the severest disaster areas of“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):39-49.(in Chinese))
[15]MORA S,VAHRSON W.Macrozonation methodology for landslide hazard determination[J].Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists,1994,31(1):49-58.
[16]PACHAURI A K,GUPTA P V,CHANDER R.Landslide zoning in a part of the Garhwal Himalayas[J].Environmental Geology,1998,36(3/4):325-334.
[17]MILES S B,HO C L.Rigorous landslide hazard zonation using Newmark′s method and stochastic ground motion simulation[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,1999,18(4):305-323.
[18]HAVENITH H B,STROM A,CACERES F,et al.Analysis of landslide susceptibility in the Suusamyr region,Tien Shan:statistical and geotechnical approach[J].Landslides,2006,3(1):39-50.
[19]LEE C T,HUANG C C,LEE J F,et al.Statistical approach to earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility[J].Engineering Geology,2008,100(1/2):43-58.
[20]GARCIA-RODRIGUEZ M J,MALPICA J A,BENITO B,et al.Susceptibility assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides in El Salvador using logistic regression[J].Geomorphology,2008,95(3/4):172-191.
[21]KAMP U,GROWLEY B J,KHATTAK G A,et al.GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping for the2005Kashmir earthquake region[J].Geomorphology,2008,101(4):631-642.
[22]陈晓利,祁生文,叶洪.基于GIS的地震滑坡危险性的模糊综合评价研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2008,44(3):434-438.(CHEN Xiaoli,QI Shengwen,YE Hong.Fuzzy comprehensive study on seismic landslide hazard based on GIS[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Univeristatis Pekinensis,2008,44(3):434-438.(in Chinese))
[23]ZEZERE J L,GARCIA R A C,OLIVEIRA S C,et al.Probabilistic landslide risk analysis considering direct costs in the area north of Lisbon(Portugal)[J].Geomorphology,2008,94(3/4):467-495.
[24]CONOSCENTI C,DI MAGGIO C,ROTIGLINAO E.GIS analysis to assess landslide susceptibility in a fluvial basin of NW Sicily(Italy)[J].Geomorphology,2008,94(3/4):325-339.
[2]许冲,戴福初,姚鑫.汶川地震诱发滑坡灾害的数量与面积[J].科技导报,2009,27(11):79-81.(XU Chong,DAI Fuchu,YAO Xin.Incidence number and affected area of Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslides[J].Science and Technology Review,2009,27(11):79-81.(in Chinese))
[3]苏凤环,刘洪江,韩用顺.汶川地震山地灾害遥感快速提取及其分布特点分析[J].遥感学报,2008,12(6):956-963.(SU Fenghuan,LIU Hongjiang,HAN Yongshun.The extraction of mountain hazard induced by Wenchuan earthquake and analysis of its distributing characteristic[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2008,12(6):956-963.(in Chinese))
[4]殷跃平.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):7-12.(YIN Yueping.Research on the geo-hazards triggered by Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(4):7-12.(in Chinese))
[5]殷跃平.汶川八级地震滑坡特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):29-38.(Yin Yueping.Features of landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):29-38.(in Chinese))
[6]常东升,张利民,徐耀,等.红石河堰塞湖漫顶溃坝风险评估[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):50-55.(CHANG Dongsheng,ZHANG Limin,XU Yao,et al.Analysis of overtopping failure of Hongshihe landslide dam after Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):50-55.(in Chinese))
[7]许强,黄润秋.5.12汶川大地震诱发大型崩滑灾害动力特征初探[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):721-729.(XU Qiang,HUANG Runqiu.Kinetics characteristics of large landslides triggered by May12th Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):721-729.(in Chinese))
[8]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机制分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):730-741.(HUANG Runqiu,FEI Xiangjun,LI Tianbin.Basic characteristics and formation mechanism of the largest scale landslide at Daguangbao occurred during the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):730-741.(in Chinese))
[9]谢洪,王士革,孔纪名.“5.12”汶川地震次生山地灾害的分布与特点[J].山地学报,2008,26(4):396-401.(XIE Hong,WANG Shige,KONG Jiming.Distribution and characteristics of mountain hazards induced by the earthquake of May12in Wenchuan,China[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2008,26(4):396-401.(in Chinese))
[10]吴树仁,石菊松,姚鑫,等.四川汶川地震地质灾害活动强度分析评价[J].地质通报,2008,27(11):1900-1906.(WU Shuren,SHI Jusong,YAO Xin,et al.Analysis and evaluation of geohazard intensity of the Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(11):1900-1906.(in Chinese))
[11]张永双,雷伟志,石菊松,等.四川“5.12”地震次生地质灾害的基本特征初析[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(2):109-116.(ZHANG Yongshuang,LEI Weizhi,SHI Jusong,et al.General characteristics of“5.12”earthquake-induced geohazards in Sichuan[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(2):109-116.(in Chinese))
[12]黄润秋,李为乐.“5.12”汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2585-2592.(HUANG Runqiu,LI Weile.Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on12th May,2008[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(12):2585-2592.(in Chinese))
[13]黄润秋,李为乐.汶川大地震触发地质灾害的断层效应分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):19-28.(HUANG Runqiu,LI Weile.Fault effect analysis of geo-hazard triggered by Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):19-28.(in Chinese))
[14]祁生文,许强,刘春玲,等.汶川地震极重灾区地质背景及次生斜坡灾害空间发育规律[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):39-49.(QI Shengwen,XU Qiang,LIU Chunling,et al.Slope instabilities in the severest disaster areas of“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):39-49.(in Chinese))
[15]MORA S,VAHRSON W.Macrozonation methodology for landslide hazard determination[J].Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists,1994,31(1):49-58.
[16]PACHAURI A K,GUPTA P V,CHANDER R.Landslide zoning in a part of the Garhwal Himalayas[J].Environmental Geology,1998,36(3/4):325-334.
[17]MILES S B,HO C L.Rigorous landslide hazard zonation using Newmark′s method and stochastic ground motion simulation[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,1999,18(4):305-323.
[18]HAVENITH H B,STROM A,CACERES F,et al.Analysis of landslide susceptibility in the Suusamyr region,Tien Shan:statistical and geotechnical approach[J].Landslides,2006,3(1):39-50.
[19]LEE C T,HUANG C C,LEE J F,et al.Statistical approach to earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility[J].Engineering Geology,2008,100(1/2):43-58.
[20]GARCIA-RODRIGUEZ M J,MALPICA J A,BENITO B,et al.Susceptibility assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides in El Salvador using logistic regression[J].Geomorphology,2008,95(3/4):172-191.
[21]KAMP U,GROWLEY B J,KHATTAK G A,et al.GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping for the2005Kashmir earthquake region[J].Geomorphology,2008,101(4):631-642.
[22]陈晓利,祁生文,叶洪.基于GIS的地震滑坡危险性的模糊综合评价研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2008,44(3):434-438.(CHEN Xiaoli,QI Shengwen,YE Hong.Fuzzy comprehensive study on seismic landslide hazard based on GIS[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Univeristatis Pekinensis,2008,44(3):434-438.(in Chinese))
[23]ZEZERE J L,GARCIA R A C,OLIVEIRA S C,et al.Probabilistic landslide risk analysis considering direct costs in the area north of Lisbon(Portugal)[J].Geomorphology,2008,94(3/4):467-495.
[24]CONOSCENTI C,DI MAGGIO C,ROTIGLINAO E.GIS analysis to assess landslide susceptibility in a fluvial basin of NW Sicily(Italy)[J].Geomorphology,2008,94(3/4):325-339.
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