三维复杂速度结构中深发地震的双差分定位
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摘要
双差分地震定位法采用了一维射线追踪法和直角坐标系,不适合于复杂速度模型中的地震定位.本研究采用三维射线追踪技术和球坐标系改进了双差分定位法,扩大了它的应用范围.为了检验新方法的可行性和准确性,以日本海地区下方的深发地震为研究对象,通过对比4种复杂速度模型中双差分定位结果,分析速度结构对双差分定位的影响.结果表明,改进后的双差分定位法受速度结构变化的影响较小,而且当震源区的速度模型越接近真实速度结构时,定位结果的精度越高,这为利用深发地震研究地球深部构造奠定了基础.
The double-difference (DD) earthquake location algorithm cannot be used to locate earthquakes in the complex 3-D velocity models because it adopts a 1-D ray tracing technique and the Cartesian coordinates. In this study,we have improved the DD location method by adopting a 3-D ray tracing method and the spherical coordinates,and thus extended the range of its applications. To testify the feasibility and the precision of this new method,we have relocated the deep earthquakes that occurred beneath the Japan Sea,and analyzed the effect of velocity models by comparing the relocation results in four kinds of 3-D velocity models. Our results show that the improved DD location method is less affected by the velocity model,and the closer the velocity structure in the hypocenter to the real one is,the higher the location precision is. The improved DD location technique would be very useful for studying the mantle structure by using data from deep earthquakes.
The double-difference (DD) earthquake location algorithm cannot be used to locate earthquakes in the complex 3-D velocity models because it adopts a 1-D ray tracing technique and the Cartesian coordinates. In this study,we have improved the DD location method by adopting a 3-D ray tracing method and the spherical coordinates,and thus extended the range of its applications. To testify the feasibility and the precision of this new method,we have relocated the deep earthquakes that occurred beneath the Japan Sea,and analyzed the effect of velocity models by comparing the relocation results in four kinds of 3-D velocity models. Our results show that the improved DD location method is less affected by the velocity model,and the closer the velocity structure in the hypocenter to the real one is,the higher the location precision is. The improved DD location technique would be very useful for studying the mantle structure by using data from deep earthquakes.
引文
Crosson,R.S.,1976.Crustal structure modeling of earth-quake data,1:Si multaneous least squares esti mation ofhypocenter and velocity parameters.Journal of Geo-physics Research,81(17):3036-3046.
Douglas,A.,1967.Joint epicenter determination.Nature,215:45-48.
Geiger,L.,1912.Probability method for the determination ofearthquake epicenters fromthe arrival ti me only.Bulle-tin St.Louis University,8:60-71.
Jeffreys,H.,Bullen,K.E.,1940.Seismological tables.British Association for the Advancement of Science.Gray Milne Trust,London.
Jiang,G.M.,Zhao,D.P.,Zhang,G.B.,2008.Detailed struc-ture of the subducting Pacific slab beneath the Japanislands and Japan Sea.Earth Science Frontiers,15(1):222-231(in Chinese with English abstract).
Klein,F.W.,1978.Hypocenter location program HYPOIN-VERSE PartⅠ:Users guide to versions1,2,3and4.USA Geology Survey,Open-File Rept.,78-694.
Li,Y.H.,Pan,Y.S.,Zhang,K.,et al.,2006.The usage ofthe double-difference location approach in Shandong.Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Re-search,27(4):8-16(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Liu,F.T.,1984.Si multaneous inversion of earthquake hypo-centers and velocity structure(I)—theory and method.Acta Geophysica Sinica,27(2):167-175(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Nelson,G.D.,Vidale,J.E.,1990.Earthquake locations by3-Dfinite-difference travel ti mes.Bulletin of the Seismo-logical Society of America,80(2):395-410.
Paige,C.C.,Saunders,M.A.,1982.LSQR:An algorithmforsparse linear equations and sparse least squares.ACMTrans.Math.Soft ware,8(1):43-71.
Rong,D.L.,Li,Y.R.,2004.Study on the generating faultand mechanismof the M5.9Yumen earthquake on Dec.14,2002,according to the accurate location of the seis-mic sequences using the double-difference earthquakelocation algorithm.Northwestern Seismological Jour-nal,26(3):223-227.
Spencer,C.,Gubbins,D.,1980.Travel-ti me inversion forsi multaneous earthquake location and velocity structuredetermination in laterally varying media.GeophysicalJournal of the Royal Astronomical Society,63(1):95-116.
Tian,Y.,Chen,X.F.,2002.Review of seismic locationstudy.Progress in Geophysics,17(1):147-155(in Chinese with English abstract).
Um,J.,Thurber,C.,1987.A fast algorithm for two-pointseismic ray tracing.Bulletin of the Seismological Soci-ety of America,77:972-986.
Waldhauser,F.,Ellsworth,W.L.,2000.A double-differenceearthquake location algorithm:Method and applicationto the northern Hayward fault,California.Bulletin ofthe Seismological Society of America,90(6):1353-1368.
Wang,X.P.,Wang,Y.W.,Li,H.M.,2005.Precise locationof Zhangjiagang earthquake sequence using double dif-ferent earthquake location algorithmand the technologyof seismic station net in Jiangsu.Inland Earthquake,19(3):257-263(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wessel,P.,Smith,W.H.F.,1998.Newi mproved version ofgeneric mapping tools released.Eos.Trans.,AGU,79(47):579.
Wu,M.X.,Wang,M.,Sun,C.C.,et al.,1990.Accurate hy-pocenter determination of aftershocks of the1985Lu-quan earthquake.Acta Seismologica Sinica,12(2):121-129(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,G.,2006.Using the double-different earthquake loca-tion algorithmto relocate small earthquakes in Shuikoureservoir region of Fujian Province.Fujian Seismolo-gy,22(3-4):51-55(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Yang,Z.S.,Zeng,W.J.,2007.Relocation of the26Nov.2005Jiujiang-Ruichang M5.7earthquake sequenceusing the double-difference earthquake location algo-rithm.Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation andResearch,28(2):25-31(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Yao,Y.S.,Li,J.G.,Lian,C.,et al.,2007.I mprovement ofrelocation programbased on double-difference(DD)al-gorithm.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,27(3):76-79(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao,D.,Hasegawa,A.,Horiuchi,S.,1992.Tomographici maging of P and S wave velocity structure beneathnortheastern Japan.Journal of Geophysical Research,97(B13):19909-19928.
Zhao,D.,Matsuzawa,T.,Hasegawa,A.,1997.Morphologyof the subducting slab boundary in the northeastern Ja-pan arc.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,102(1-2):89-104.
Zhao,Z.H.,1983.An earthquake location program withmultiple velocity model andits applicationin the Beijingseismic network.Acta Seismologica Sinica,5(2):242-254(in Chinese with English abstract).
江国明,赵大鹏,张贵宾,2008.日本列岛下太平洋俯冲板块的精细结构.地学前缘,15(1):222-231.
李永红,潘元生,张坤,等,2006.双差定位方法在山东地区的应用.地震地磁观测与研究,27(4):8-16.
刘福田,1984.震源位置和速度结构的联合反演(Ⅰ)———理论和方法.地球物理学报,27(2):167-175.
田玥,陈晓非,2002.地震定位研究综述.地球物理学进展,17(1):147-155.
王小平,王燕纹,李慧民,2005.结合双差地震定位法及台阵技术对江苏张家港地震序列进行精确定位.内陆地震,19(3):257-263.
吴明熙,王鸣,孙次昌,等,1990.1985年禄劝地震部分余震的精确定位.地震学报,12(2):121-129.
杨贵,2006.福建水口水库地区微震双差法重新定位.福建地震,22(3-4):51-55.
杨中书,曾文敬,2007.利用双差法对2005年江西九江-瑞昌5.7级地震序列重新定位.地震地磁观测与研究,28(2):25-31.
姚运生,李井冈,廉超,等,2007.双差地震定位程序的改进.大地测量与地球动力学,27(3):76-79.
赵仲和,1983.多重模型地震定位程序及其在北京台网的应用.地震学报,5(2):242-254.
Douglas,A.,1967.Joint epicenter determination.Nature,215:45-48.
Geiger,L.,1912.Probability method for the determination ofearthquake epicenters fromthe arrival ti me only.Bulle-tin St.Louis University,8:60-71.
Jeffreys,H.,Bullen,K.E.,1940.Seismological tables.British Association for the Advancement of Science.Gray Milne Trust,London.
Jiang,G.M.,Zhao,D.P.,Zhang,G.B.,2008.Detailed struc-ture of the subducting Pacific slab beneath the Japanislands and Japan Sea.Earth Science Frontiers,15(1):222-231(in Chinese with English abstract).
Klein,F.W.,1978.Hypocenter location program HYPOIN-VERSE PartⅠ:Users guide to versions1,2,3and4.USA Geology Survey,Open-File Rept.,78-694.
Li,Y.H.,Pan,Y.S.,Zhang,K.,et al.,2006.The usage ofthe double-difference location approach in Shandong.Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Re-search,27(4):8-16(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Liu,F.T.,1984.Si multaneous inversion of earthquake hypo-centers and velocity structure(I)—theory and method.Acta Geophysica Sinica,27(2):167-175(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Nelson,G.D.,Vidale,J.E.,1990.Earthquake locations by3-Dfinite-difference travel ti mes.Bulletin of the Seismo-logical Society of America,80(2):395-410.
Paige,C.C.,Saunders,M.A.,1982.LSQR:An algorithmforsparse linear equations and sparse least squares.ACMTrans.Math.Soft ware,8(1):43-71.
Rong,D.L.,Li,Y.R.,2004.Study on the generating faultand mechanismof the M5.9Yumen earthquake on Dec.14,2002,according to the accurate location of the seis-mic sequences using the double-difference earthquakelocation algorithm.Northwestern Seismological Jour-nal,26(3):223-227.
Spencer,C.,Gubbins,D.,1980.Travel-ti me inversion forsi multaneous earthquake location and velocity structuredetermination in laterally varying media.GeophysicalJournal of the Royal Astronomical Society,63(1):95-116.
Tian,Y.,Chen,X.F.,2002.Review of seismic locationstudy.Progress in Geophysics,17(1):147-155(in Chinese with English abstract).
Um,J.,Thurber,C.,1987.A fast algorithm for two-pointseismic ray tracing.Bulletin of the Seismological Soci-ety of America,77:972-986.
Waldhauser,F.,Ellsworth,W.L.,2000.A double-differenceearthquake location algorithm:Method and applicationto the northern Hayward fault,California.Bulletin ofthe Seismological Society of America,90(6):1353-1368.
Wang,X.P.,Wang,Y.W.,Li,H.M.,2005.Precise locationof Zhangjiagang earthquake sequence using double dif-ferent earthquake location algorithmand the technologyof seismic station net in Jiangsu.Inland Earthquake,19(3):257-263(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wessel,P.,Smith,W.H.F.,1998.Newi mproved version ofgeneric mapping tools released.Eos.Trans.,AGU,79(47):579.
Wu,M.X.,Wang,M.,Sun,C.C.,et al.,1990.Accurate hy-pocenter determination of aftershocks of the1985Lu-quan earthquake.Acta Seismologica Sinica,12(2):121-129(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,G.,2006.Using the double-different earthquake loca-tion algorithmto relocate small earthquakes in Shuikoureservoir region of Fujian Province.Fujian Seismolo-gy,22(3-4):51-55(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Yang,Z.S.,Zeng,W.J.,2007.Relocation of the26Nov.2005Jiujiang-Ruichang M5.7earthquake sequenceusing the double-difference earthquake location algo-rithm.Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation andResearch,28(2):25-31(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Yao,Y.S.,Li,J.G.,Lian,C.,et al.,2007.I mprovement ofrelocation programbased on double-difference(DD)al-gorithm.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,27(3):76-79(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao,D.,Hasegawa,A.,Horiuchi,S.,1992.Tomographici maging of P and S wave velocity structure beneathnortheastern Japan.Journal of Geophysical Research,97(B13):19909-19928.
Zhao,D.,Matsuzawa,T.,Hasegawa,A.,1997.Morphologyof the subducting slab boundary in the northeastern Ja-pan arc.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,102(1-2):89-104.
Zhao,Z.H.,1983.An earthquake location program withmultiple velocity model andits applicationin the Beijingseismic network.Acta Seismologica Sinica,5(2):242-254(in Chinese with English abstract).
江国明,赵大鹏,张贵宾,2008.日本列岛下太平洋俯冲板块的精细结构.地学前缘,15(1):222-231.
李永红,潘元生,张坤,等,2006.双差定位方法在山东地区的应用.地震地磁观测与研究,27(4):8-16.
刘福田,1984.震源位置和速度结构的联合反演(Ⅰ)———理论和方法.地球物理学报,27(2):167-175.
田玥,陈晓非,2002.地震定位研究综述.地球物理学进展,17(1):147-155.
王小平,王燕纹,李慧民,2005.结合双差地震定位法及台阵技术对江苏张家港地震序列进行精确定位.内陆地震,19(3):257-263.
吴明熙,王鸣,孙次昌,等,1990.1985年禄劝地震部分余震的精确定位.地震学报,12(2):121-129.
杨贵,2006.福建水口水库地区微震双差法重新定位.福建地震,22(3-4):51-55.
杨中书,曾文敬,2007.利用双差法对2005年江西九江-瑞昌5.7级地震序列重新定位.地震地磁观测与研究,28(2):25-31.
姚运生,李井冈,廉超,等,2007.双差地震定位程序的改进.大地测量与地球动力学,27(3):76-79.
赵仲和,1983.多重模型地震定位程序及其在北京台网的应用.地震学报,5(2):242-254.
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