有机粘土的特性及其对肥料养分的缓释作用
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摘要
本研究表明 ,表面活性剂 2号不仅可以吸附在蒙脱石、高岭石和凹凸棒石的表面上 ,还可进入蒙脱石的层间 ,将其晶层撑开 ,并以双层小于 65°角斜交于蒙脱石的晶片之间 ,同时有极少量的表面活性剂 2号以单层方式直立于晶片上 ,形成石蜡质构型。由于粘土矿物对表面活性剂 2号的吸附作用 ,使其热性质发生变化 ,去除吸附水的温度降低并出现放热峰。此外 ,还使得有机粘土的含水量和吸湿率较原土有显著降低。有机粘土应用于肥料工业的复混肥生产中 ,不仅可以使其有效成粒率提高 3 0 % ,还可使其养分释放具有显著的缓释效果。
It is shown that surfactant\|2 could be adsorbed on the surfaces of kaolinite, montmorillonite and two attapulgites, and also could be intercalated into the interlayers of montmorillonite, thus causing the expansion of interlammellar space of montmorillonite. Most of the alkyl chains formed a bilayer in the interlayers of montmorillonite with their chains inclined to the silicate sheet at an angle less than 65 dey. Meanwhile, few surfactant\|2 formed monolayers and a paraffin complex with the chain straightened to the sheet. During to the adsorption of surfactant\|2 on clay minerals, its thermal properties could be changed.\; The temperature at which adsorption water was removed decreased. Water content and the rate of moisture adsorption in organic clays are lower than those of the original clays. Organic clays were used to produce compound fertilizer in fertilizer industry. With organic clay the effective granulation rate may be increased by 30% on average and also has a remarkable effect on slow release of nutrients in fertilizers.
It is shown that surfactant\|2 could be adsorbed on the surfaces of kaolinite, montmorillonite and two attapulgites, and also could be intercalated into the interlayers of montmorillonite, thus causing the expansion of interlammellar space of montmorillonite. Most of the alkyl chains formed a bilayer in the interlayers of montmorillonite with their chains inclined to the silicate sheet at an angle less than 65 dey. Meanwhile, few surfactant\|2 formed monolayers and a paraffin complex with the chain straightened to the sheet. During to the adsorption of surfactant\|2 on clay minerals, its thermal properties could be changed.\; The temperature at which adsorption water was removed decreased. Water content and the rate of moisture adsorption in organic clays are lower than those of the original clays. Organic clays were used to produce compound fertilizer in fertilizer industry. With organic clay the effective granulation rate may be increased by 30% on average and also has a remarkable effect on slow release of nutrients in fertilizers.
引文
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[13 ]赵美芝 ,邵宗臣 .粘土矿物与肥料的相互作用及其应用途径的研究 [J] .土壤 ,2 0 0 0 ,3 2 (1) :18～ 2 2 ;5 6.
[2 ]DixonJB ,etal .MineralsinSoilsEnvironment [M ] .SoilSci.Soc .OfAmrica ,1989.
[3 ]杨雅秀 .十年来我国粘土矿物研究概况 [A] .中国矿物岩石地球化学学会 .80年代中国矿物学岩石地球化学研究回顾 [M ] .北京 :地震出版社 ,1991.49～ 5 1.
[4]GrimRE ,etal .Bentonites geology ,mineralogy ,propertiesanduses [J] .DevelopmentsinSedimentology .NY :Elesevier,1978.2 4.
[5 ]BradleyWF .Molecularassociationsbetweenmontmorilloniteandorganicliquids [J] .J .Am .Chem .Soc.,1945 ,67:975～ 981.
[6]中国科学院南京土壤研究所 .土壤理化分析 [M ] .上海 :上海科学技术出版社 ,1978.
[7]地质矿产部科学技术司 .膨润土矿物化性能测试暂行统一方法 [M ] .武汉 :湖北科学技术出版社 ,1984.
[8]LagalyG .Layerchargeheterogenerityinvermiculites [J] .ClaysandClayMinerals ,1982 ,3 0 :2 15～ 2 2 2 .
[9]LagalyGandWeissA .Determinationofthelayerchargeinmica typelayersilicate [A] .HellerL .Proc.Int.ClayConf .Tokyo [C] .1969.61～ 68.
[10 ]罗健民 ,冯 敏 .有机膨润土的X射线衍射谱特征 [J] .安徽地质 ,1992 ,2 (3 ) :5 1～ 5 3 .
[11]刘其贵 .复混肥料发展中有关问题的探讨 [J] .磷肥与复肥 ,1989,(1) :18～ 2 0 .
[12 ]张宝林 .复混肥生产设备论述 (一 ) [J] .磷肥与复肥 ,1989,(2 ) :5 8～ 62 .
[13 ]赵美芝 ,邵宗臣 .粘土矿物与肥料的相互作用及其应用途径的研究 [J] .土壤 ,2 0 0 0 ,3 2 (1) :18～ 2 2 ;5 6.
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