静北潜山油藏小断层模拟
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摘要
小断层指不能据地震资料辨识的断层，其垂直断距为３０～５０ｍ。小断层的存在对地下流体流动影响很大，在油田勘探和开发中，预测小断层是一大难题。小断层预测包括小断层数预测和其空间位置预测，预测基础是断层的分形性（表现在型式和总体分布方面）。断层的规模可相差很大，但在同一构造应力场中形成的断层群的分布型式很相似；在以断层长度或垂直断距为分析对象时，个体频率在一定范围内呈现出幂律分布特征，且断层长度与垂直断距间亦有幂律关系。据此，认为断层总体幂律在由岩心尺度到地震精度所能辨识的断层尺度范围基本不变，因而可以由已知断层总体幂律来预测小断层数，再用已知断层的产状分布和密度分布来预测小断层的产状和空间位置。以辽河坳陷静北潜山油藏的小断层模拟预测为例，说明本模拟方法。图４参１２（王孝陵摘）
Small faults are referred to as those below the limit of seismic resolution, with throws of less than 30 50m. Due to their impact on subsurface fluid flow in reservoirs, small faults become a tough problem in exploration and development. Their prediction includes two parts, predicting the number and location of small faults respectively, and is based upon fractal properties of interpreted faults, for example their pattern and populations. Although a tectonic stress field may produce faults on a variety of sizes, their pattern seems self similar, and both their length and throw populations show power law distribution in some ranges. Fault length has an exponential relation with the throw. It is believed that the power law of fault population remains in a range from core scale to interpreted fault scale. Therefore we can extrapolate the power law of interpreted fault population to predict the number of small faults above certain length, and randomly choose their orientations and locations from the orientation and intensity distributions of interpreted faults by means of Monte Carlos sampling. Taking the faulted Jingbei buried hill pool as an example,the authors explain the procedure of small fault modeling.
Small faults are referred to as those below the limit of seismic resolution, with throws of less than 30 50m. Due to their impact on subsurface fluid flow in reservoirs, small faults become a tough problem in exploration and development. Their prediction includes two parts, predicting the number and location of small faults respectively, and is based upon fractal properties of interpreted faults, for example their pattern and populations. Although a tectonic stress field may produce faults on a variety of sizes, their pattern seems self similar, and both their length and throw populations show power law distribution in some ranges. Fault length has an exponential relation with the throw. It is believed that the power law of fault population remains in a range from core scale to interpreted fault scale. Therefore we can extrapolate the power law of interpreted fault population to predict the number of small faults above certain length, and randomly choose their orientations and locations from the orientation and intensity distributions of interpreted faults by means of Monte Carlos sampling. Taking the faulted Jingbei buried hill pool as an example,the authors explain the procedure of small fault modeling.
引文
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