受环境侵蚀的岩石细观破裂过程试验与实时观测
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摘要
为了分析岩石在环境侵蚀下岩石的细观破裂行为,在已有岩石细观加载仪的基础上研制了侵蚀装置和数字显微观测系统。它可通过监视器对试件表面的裂纹扩展过程进行多角度的实时全场监视和局部显微放大监视,并且可对监视到的图像进行录像和计算机自动采集。利用该系统进行了长江三峡工程永久船闸区的花岗岩在水和不同化学溶液侵蚀下的单轴压缩破裂过程试验,并观察到穿晶裂纹、绕晶裂纹以及沿晶裂纹的动态扩展全过程。
In order to investigate the behaviors of rock meso-cracking under chemical erosion,a new experimental system was developed on the basis of the rock meso-mechanics device. Microfracturing process of rock under uniaxial compression can be observed using microscope and color video camera and recorded by computer. A series of water and chemical erosion tests on granite taken from permanent shiplock site of the Three Gorges Project were conducted in uniaxial compression. The meso-fracturing process of inter-granular cracking, transgranular cracking,or grain boundary cracking is real-time observed.
In order to investigate the behaviors of rock meso-cracking under chemical erosion,a new experimental system was developed on the basis of the rock meso-mechanics device. Microfracturing process of rock under uniaxial compression can be observed using microscope and color video camera and recorded by computer. A series of water and chemical erosion tests on granite taken from permanent shiplock site of the Three Gorges Project were conducted in uniaxial compression. The meso-fracturing process of inter-granular cracking, transgranular cracking,or grain boundary cracking is real-time observed.
引文
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2FreimanS M.Effects of the chemical environments on slow crack growth in glasses and ceramics[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1984,89:4072～4077
3KarfakisM G,AskramM.Effects of chemical solutions on rock fracturing[J].Int.J.RockMech.Min.Sci.&Geomech.Abstr.,1993,37(7):1253～1259
4FeuchtL J,JohnM Logan.Effects of chemically active solutions on shearing behavior of a sandstone[J].Tectonophysics,1990,175:159～176
5DunningJ,DouglasB,MillerM,et al.The role of the chemical environment in frictional deformation:stress corrosion cracking and comminution[J].Pageoph.,1994,143(1/2/3):151～178
6张梅英,袁建新,李廷芥等.单轴压缩过程中岩石变形破坏机理[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,17(1):1～8
7尚嘉兰,孔常静,李廷芥等.岩石细观损伤破坏的观测研究[J]实验力学,1999,14(3):373～383
8许江,李贺,鲜学福等.对单轴应力壮态下砂岩微观断裂发展全过程的实验研究[J].力学与实践,1986,(4):16～20
9赵永红,黄杰藩,王仁.岩石微破裂发育的扫描电镜即时观测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1992,11(3):284～294
10凌建明.压缩荷载条件下岩石细观损伤特征的研究[J].同济大学学报,1993,21(5):483～487
11吴立新,王金庄,孟顺利.煤岩损伤扩展规律的即时压缩SEM研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(1):9～15
12凌建明,孙钧.脆性岩石的细观裂纹损伤及其时效特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1993,12(4):304～312
13赵永红,黄杰藩,侯建军等.岩石细观破裂的实验观测研究及其对认识地震活动性的启示[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(5):627～635
14吴海青.孔隙水对岩石变形特性的影响及其工程意义[A].见:中国岩石力学与工程学会编.第二次全国岩石力学与工程学术会议论文集[C].北京:知识出版社,1989,345～351
15孙钧,胡玉银.三峡工程饱水花岗岩抗拉强度时效特性研究[J].同济大学学报,1997,25(2):127～134
16汤连生,王思敬.水-岩土化学作用与地质灾害防治[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1999,10(3):61～70
17冯夏庭,赖户政宏.化学环境侵蚀下的岩石破裂特性——第一部分:试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(4):403～407
18王泳嘉,冯夏庭.化学环境侵蚀下的岩石破裂特性——第二部分:时间分形分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(5):551～556
19葛修润,李庭芥,张梅英等.适用于岩石力学细观实验研究的加载仪[J].岩土力学,2000,21(3):289～293
20杨卫.宏微观断裂力学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1995
2FreimanS M.Effects of the chemical environments on slow crack growth in glasses and ceramics[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1984,89:4072～4077
3KarfakisM G,AskramM.Effects of chemical solutions on rock fracturing[J].Int.J.RockMech.Min.Sci.&Geomech.Abstr.,1993,37(7):1253～1259
4FeuchtL J,JohnM Logan.Effects of chemically active solutions on shearing behavior of a sandstone[J].Tectonophysics,1990,175:159～176
5DunningJ,DouglasB,MillerM,et al.The role of the chemical environment in frictional deformation:stress corrosion cracking and comminution[J].Pageoph.,1994,143(1/2/3):151～178
6张梅英,袁建新,李廷芥等.单轴压缩过程中岩石变形破坏机理[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,17(1):1～8
7尚嘉兰,孔常静,李廷芥等.岩石细观损伤破坏的观测研究[J]实验力学,1999,14(3):373～383
8许江,李贺,鲜学福等.对单轴应力壮态下砂岩微观断裂发展全过程的实验研究[J].力学与实践,1986,(4):16～20
9赵永红,黄杰藩,王仁.岩石微破裂发育的扫描电镜即时观测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1992,11(3):284～294
10凌建明.压缩荷载条件下岩石细观损伤特征的研究[J].同济大学学报,1993,21(5):483～487
11吴立新,王金庄,孟顺利.煤岩损伤扩展规律的即时压缩SEM研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(1):9～15
12凌建明,孙钧.脆性岩石的细观裂纹损伤及其时效特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1993,12(4):304～312
13赵永红,黄杰藩,侯建军等.岩石细观破裂的实验观测研究及其对认识地震活动性的启示[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(5):627～635
14吴海青.孔隙水对岩石变形特性的影响及其工程意义[A].见:中国岩石力学与工程学会编.第二次全国岩石力学与工程学术会议论文集[C].北京:知识出版社,1989,345～351
15孙钧,胡玉银.三峡工程饱水花岗岩抗拉强度时效特性研究[J].同济大学学报,1997,25(2):127～134
16汤连生,王思敬.水-岩土化学作用与地质灾害防治[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1999,10(3):61～70
17冯夏庭,赖户政宏.化学环境侵蚀下的岩石破裂特性——第一部分:试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(4):403～407
18王泳嘉,冯夏庭.化学环境侵蚀下的岩石破裂特性——第二部分:时间分形分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(5):551～556
19葛修润,李庭芥,张梅英等.适用于岩石力学细观实验研究的加载仪[J].岩土力学,2000,21(3):289～293
20杨卫.宏微观断裂力学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1995
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