利用宽频带数字地震记录测定谱震级
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摘要
谱震级是表征地震强弱的量度,是地震学研究中的一个重要的地震参数。在地震预测和工程地震研究中具有重要的实际意义。谱震级测定还可得到地震辐射的能量,再通过和标量地震矩的比较,可以估计地震震源处的视应力,而视应力也是震源物理研究中一个重要的物理量。考虑到我国地震台网分布不均匀的情况,本文尝试利用单台的宽频带波形资料进行谱震级的测定。选用CDSN昆明地震台(KMI)记录的近震宽频带波形资料,分析地震图垂直分量上的P波,采用 Duda等人提出的谱震级的测定方法,改进并提出了一种能够利用宽频带波形资料,直接用速度谱值测定地震谱震级的方法。所得谱震级结果与ISC给出的Ms震级对比后,发现相差不大;所得的能量结果与NEIC用远震体波测得的能量结果具有较好的一致性。用同样的方法,将来还可对不同地区更小的地震进行谱震级的测定,这无疑对地震学的进一步研究很有帮助。
Spectrum magnitude of an earthquake is an important source parameter of earthquake size in seismology research. Spectrum magnitude is often related to the seismic prediction that is crucial in the study of seismic engineering. Measurement of spectrum magnitude of earthquakes may give the estimate of radiated energy of an earthquake. Besides, measurement of radiated energy, together with the measurement of seismic moment, may give the estimate of apparent stress that is shown to be useful in the physics of seismic source. Due to the sparse distribution of seismological stations, analysis of seismograms at a single station for the measurement of Spectrum magnitude plays an important role for regions in developing countries such as China. In this study, we take the CDSN Kunming station (KMI) in Yunnan Province as an example, focusing on the earthquake recorded by this station at local to regional distances, within 10?around the station. Broadband (BB or IP) seismograms of the transverse component are used. The main ingredients of seismic phases considered are basically the P waves, taking the method of Duda etc. a calculation algorithm for fast estimating the broadband Spectrum magnitude of earthquakes based on single station data is developed in the dissertation. Comparison with the radiated energy published by the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC), it shows that the two results fit well. The results also show a clear linear relation with the MS publicized by ISC, which further verifies the reliability of the method. Using similarly method, Spectrum magnitude is often related to the small earthquakes which is very helpful in the seismology research.
Spectrum magnitude of an earthquake is an important source parameter of earthquake size in seismology research. Spectrum magnitude is often related to the seismic prediction that is crucial in the study of seismic engineering. Measurement of spectrum magnitude of earthquakes may give the estimate of radiated energy of an earthquake. Besides, measurement of radiated energy, together with the measurement of seismic moment, may give the estimate of apparent stress that is shown to be useful in the physics of seismic source. Due to the sparse distribution of seismological stations, analysis of seismograms at a single station for the measurement of Spectrum magnitude plays an important role for regions in developing countries such as China. In this study, we take the CDSN Kunming station (KMI) in Yunnan Province as an example, focusing on the earthquake recorded by this station at local to regional distances, within 10?around the station. Broadband (BB or IP) seismograms of the transverse component are used. The main ingredients of seismic phases considered are basically the P waves, taking the method of Duda etc. a calculation algorithm for fast estimating the broadband Spectrum magnitude of earthquakes based on single station data is developed in the dissertation. Comparison with the radiated energy published by the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC), it shows that the two results fit well. The results also show a clear linear relation with the MS publicized by ISC, which further verifies the reliability of the method. Using similarly method, Spectrum magnitude is often related to the small earthquakes which is very helpful in the seismology research.
引文
陈海通,吴建平,孙次昌．1994．由CDSN数据测定IPZ分量谱震级初探[J]．地震地磁观测与研究．15(6):42～49
陈培善．1990．地震定量的国际现状[J]．地震地磁观测与研究．11(3):32～38
陈培善,Duda S J．1993．由CDSN记录计算出的谱震级和地震辐射能[J]．地震学报．15(4):418～426
陈学忠,王小平,王林瑛,张天中．2003．地震视应力用于震后趋势快速判定的可能性[J]．国际地震动态,7,1～4
郭履灿,吴建平,王淑贞．1990．论中国地区数字式地震仪记录测定谱震级[J]．地震地磁观测与研究,11(5):17～22
李鸿吉．1991．用人机对话方式确定CDSN震级[J]．地震地磁观测与研究,12(4):1～5
刘瑞丰,吴忠良,阴朝民,陈运泰,庄灿涛．2003．中国地震台网数字化改造的进展[J]．地震学报,25(5):535～540
张少泉等编著．1998．地震波分析与应用[M]．北京:地震出版社
左兆荣,郭履灿．1985．体波震级综合起算函数的研究[J]．地震学报．7(2):158～170
Choy G L and Boatwright J. 1995. Global patterns of radiated seismic energy and apparent stress[J]. J Geophys Res, 100, 18205-18228
Duda S J and Nortmann R. 1983. Normal, blue and red earthquakes-A new way of earthquake classification on the basis of bodywave magnitudes[J]. Tectonophysics, 93,295-306
Gutenberg B and Richter C F. 1942. Earthquake magnitude, intensity, energy and acceleration[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer, 32, 163-191
Gutenberg B. 1945a. Amplitudes of P, PP, and S and magnitude of shallow earthquakes[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer, 35, 57-69
Gutenberg B. 1945b. Magnitude determination for deep-focus earthquakes[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer, 35, 117-130
Gutenberg B and Richter C F. 1956. Magnitude and energy of earthquakes[J]. Ann Geofis, 9, 1-5
Ide S and Beroza G C. 2001. Does apparent stress vary with earthquake size? [J]. Geophys Res Lett, 28, 3 349-3 352
Izutani Y and Kanamori H. 2001. Scale-dependence of seismic energy-to-moment ratio for strike-slip earthquakes in Japan[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 28, 4 007-4 010
Kaiser D and Duda S J. 1988. Magnitude spectra and other source parameters for some major 1985 and 1986 earthquakes [J]. Tectonophysics, 152, 303-318
Kanamori H, Anderson D L and Heaton T H. 1998. Frictional melting during the rupture of the 1994 Bolivian earthquake[J]. Science, 279, 839-842
Nortmann R and Duda S J. 1979. The amplitude - density spectra of P- and S-wave and the body-wave magnitude of earthquakes. Eos, Trans[J]. Am Geophys Union, 60, 591
Nortmann R and Duda S J. 1982. The amplitude spectra of P- and S-wave and the body-wave magnitude of earthquakes[J]. Tectonophysics, 84, 17-32
Nortmann R and Duda S J. 1983. Determination of spectral properties of earthquakes from their magnitudes[J]. Tectonophysics, 93, 251-275
Wu Z L. 2000. Frequency-size distribution of global seismicity seen from broadband radiated energy[J]. Geophys J Int, 142, 59-66
Wu Z L. 2001a. Earthquake scaling paradox[J]. Chin Phys, 10, 395-397
Wu Z L. 2001b. Scaling of apparent stress from broadband radiated energy catalogue and its focal mechanism dependence[J]. Earth planets Space, 53, 943-948
陈培善．1990．地震定量的国际现状[J]．地震地磁观测与研究．11(3):32～38
陈培善,Duda S J．1993．由CDSN记录计算出的谱震级和地震辐射能[J]．地震学报．15(4):418～426
陈学忠,王小平,王林瑛,张天中．2003．地震视应力用于震后趋势快速判定的可能性[J]．国际地震动态,7,1～4
郭履灿,吴建平,王淑贞．1990．论中国地区数字式地震仪记录测定谱震级[J]．地震地磁观测与研究,11(5):17～22
李鸿吉．1991．用人机对话方式确定CDSN震级[J]．地震地磁观测与研究,12(4):1～5
刘瑞丰,吴忠良,阴朝民,陈运泰,庄灿涛．2003．中国地震台网数字化改造的进展[J]．地震学报,25(5):535～540
张少泉等编著．1998．地震波分析与应用[M]．北京:地震出版社
左兆荣,郭履灿．1985．体波震级综合起算函数的研究[J]．地震学报．7(2):158～170
Choy G L and Boatwright J. 1995. Global patterns of radiated seismic energy and apparent stress[J]. J Geophys Res, 100, 18205-18228
Duda S J and Nortmann R. 1983. Normal, blue and red earthquakes-A new way of earthquake classification on the basis of bodywave magnitudes[J]. Tectonophysics, 93,295-306
Gutenberg B and Richter C F. 1942. Earthquake magnitude, intensity, energy and acceleration[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer, 32, 163-191
Gutenberg B. 1945a. Amplitudes of P, PP, and S and magnitude of shallow earthquakes[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer, 35, 57-69
Gutenberg B. 1945b. Magnitude determination for deep-focus earthquakes[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer, 35, 117-130
Gutenberg B and Richter C F. 1956. Magnitude and energy of earthquakes[J]. Ann Geofis, 9, 1-5
Ide S and Beroza G C. 2001. Does apparent stress vary with earthquake size? [J]. Geophys Res Lett, 28, 3 349-3 352
Izutani Y and Kanamori H. 2001. Scale-dependence of seismic energy-to-moment ratio for strike-slip earthquakes in Japan[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 28, 4 007-4 010
Kaiser D and Duda S J. 1988. Magnitude spectra and other source parameters for some major 1985 and 1986 earthquakes [J]. Tectonophysics, 152, 303-318
Kanamori H, Anderson D L and Heaton T H. 1998. Frictional melting during the rupture of the 1994 Bolivian earthquake[J]. Science, 279, 839-842
Nortmann R and Duda S J. 1979. The amplitude - density spectra of P- and S-wave and the body-wave magnitude of earthquakes. Eos, Trans[J]. Am Geophys Union, 60, 591
Nortmann R and Duda S J. 1982. The amplitude spectra of P- and S-wave and the body-wave magnitude of earthquakes[J]. Tectonophysics, 84, 17-32
Nortmann R and Duda S J. 1983. Determination of spectral properties of earthquakes from their magnitudes[J]. Tectonophysics, 93, 251-275
Wu Z L. 2000. Frequency-size distribution of global seismicity seen from broadband radiated energy[J]. Geophys J Int, 142, 59-66
Wu Z L. 2001a. Earthquake scaling paradox[J]. Chin Phys, 10, 395-397
Wu Z L. 2001b. Scaling of apparent stress from broadband radiated energy catalogue and its focal mechanism dependence[J]. Earth planets Space, 53, 943-948
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