南海南部深部结构的复杂构造地震成像
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摘要
南海南部海底崎岖、地下构造复杂、二维地震资料中多次波非常发育,在地震数据处理中很难获得令人满意的成像效果,为此本文采用了预测反褶积后F-K域滤波及叠前时间偏移后Radon变换去除多次波的组合方案,有效地衰减了多次波,突出了有效信号能量;采用速度分析点加密法获取了更为准确的速度,实现了陡倾角构造与海山的准确成像;采用百分比扫描弯曲射线克希霍夫叠前时间偏移法,有效地保证了处理结果的准确性和有效性,获得了清晰的地震成像,并最终形成了对南海南部海域地震数据具有针对性的处理流程.
Because of rugged seafloor,complex underground structure,and well developed multiple waves in 2D seismic data in southern South China Sea,it is difficult to obtain satisfactory imaging results in seismic data processing.This paper attenuated the multiple waves effectively, enhanced the effective signal energy by using a combination solution of filtering in F-K domain after predictive deconvolution and the Radon transformation after pre-stack time migration to remove multiple waves.We achieved accurate imaging of steep angle structures and seamounts, by increasing velocity point densities to analyze more accurate velocities.The clear seismic imaging was obtained by using percentage scanning curved-ray Kirchhoff pre-stack time migration method,to effectively ensure the accuracy and validity of the results.Eventually a processing flow was formed for seismic data in the southern South China Sea.
Because of rugged seafloor,complex underground structure,and well developed multiple waves in 2D seismic data in southern South China Sea,it is difficult to obtain satisfactory imaging results in seismic data processing.This paper attenuated the multiple waves effectively, enhanced the effective signal energy by using a combination solution of filtering in F-K domain after predictive deconvolution and the Radon transformation after pre-stack time migration to remove multiple waves.We achieved accurate imaging of steep angle structures and seamounts, by increasing velocity point densities to analyze more accurate velocities.The clear seismic imaging was obtained by using percentage scanning curved-ray Kirchhoff pre-stack time migration method,to effectively ensure the accuracy and validity of the results.Eventually a processing flow was formed for seismic data in the southern South China Sea.
引文
[1]Taner M T.Long period sea-floor multiples and their suppression.Geophysical Prospecting,1980,28(1):30-48
[2]Berryhill J R,Kim Y C.Deep-water peg-legs and multiples: emulation and suppression.Geophysics,1986,51(12):2177- 2184
[3]Wiggins J W.Attenuation of complex water-bottom multiples by wave-equation-based prediction and subtraction.Geophysics. 1988,53(12):1527-1539
[4]王维红,崔宝文,刘洪.表面多次波衰减的研究现状与进展.地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):1 56-164 Wang W H,Cui B W,Liu H.Research progress in surface-related multiple attenuation.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(1):156-164
[5]Verschuur D J,Kabir M M N.Comparison of surface-related multiple elimination with Radon multiple elimintion.J.Seis. Expl.,1992,(1):363-377
[6]Maeland E.Focusing aspects of the parabolic Radon transform.Geophysics,1998,63(5):1708-1715
[7]Durrani T S,Bisset D.The Radon transform and its properties.Geophysics,1984,49(8):1180-1187
[8]牛滨华,孙春岩,张中杰等.多项式Radon变换.地球物理学报,2001,44(2):263-271 Niu B H,Sun C Y,Zhang Z J,et al.Polynomial Radon transform.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(2): 263-271
[9]牛滨华,沈操,黄新武.波动方程多次波压制技术的进展.地球物理学进展,2002,17(3):480-485 Niu B H,Shen C,Huang X W.Progress in multiple attenuation techniques based on wave equation.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2002,17(3):480-485
[10]罗银河,刘江平,董桥梁等.Kirchhoff弯曲射线叠前时间偏移及应用.天然气工业,2005,25(8):35-37 Luo Y H,Liu J P,Dong Q L,et al.Kirchhoff curved-ray prestack time migrationand its application.Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),2005,25(8):35-37
[11]张学才.适于陡坡带砂砾岩体的地震资料叠前时间偏移处理技术.地球物理学进展,2008.23(2):588-593 Zhang X C.The pre-stock time migration processing technology of seismic datum for steep slope zone glutenite body.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese).2008.23(2): 588-593
[12]樊卫花,杨长春,孙传文等.三维地震资料叠前时间偏移应用研究.地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):836-842 Fan W H.Yang C C,Sun C W.et al.Application of prestack time migration for three dimensional seismic data. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese).2007.22(3):836-842
[13]夏戡原,黄慈流.南海中生代特提斯期沉积盆地的发现与找寻中生代含油气盆地的前景.地学前缘,2000,7(3):227-238 Xia K Y.Huang C L.The discovery of Meso-Tethys sedimentary basins in the South China Sea and their oil and gas perspective.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese).2000, 7(3):227-238
[14]刘光鼎.前新生代海相残留盆地.地球物理学进展,2001, 16(2):1-7 LIiu G D.Pre-cenozoic marine residual basins.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2001.16(2):1-7
[15]孙龙涛,孙珍,詹文欢等.南沙海域礼乐盆地油气资源潜力.地球科学,2010.35(1):137-145 Sun L T.Sun Z.Zhan W H.et al.Petroleum potential prediction of the Lile Basin in Nansha.Earth Science(in Chinese),2010,35(1):137-145
[16]Douglas J F,Charles C M.Suppression of multiple reflections using the Radon transform.Geophysics.1992.57(3):386-395
[17]刘伊克,Sun H C,常旭.基于波射线路径偏移压制多次波.地球物理学报,2004,47(4):697-701 Liu Y K,Sun H C.Chang X.Multiple removal by wavepath migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(4): 697-701
[18]刘伊克,常旭,王辉等.波路径偏移压制层间多次波的理论与应用.地球物理学报,2008,51(2):589-595 LiuY K,Chang X.Wang H,et al.Internal multiple removal and its application by wavepath migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese).2008.51(2):589-595
[19]Yilmaz O.Seismic Data Analysis:Processing,Inversion,and Interpretation of Seismic Data.Tulsa;Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2001
[20]王棣,王华忠,马在田等.叠前时间偏移方法综述.勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(5):313-320 Wang D,Wang H Z,Ma Z T,et al.Review of prestack time migration methods.Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,27(5):313-320
[21]闫桂京,何玉华,迟红光.叠前时间偏移技术在南海水合物地震资料处理中的应用.现代地质,2010,24(3):489-494 Yan G J,He Y H,Chi H G.Application of prestack time migration processing technique to gas hydrates seismic data processing in the South China Sea.Geoscience(in Chinese), 2010,24(3):489-494
[22]陈新荣.叠前时间偏移成像质量影响因素探讨.油气地球物理,2007,5(3):40-44 Chen X R.Discussion on influencing factors of PSTM imaging quality.Petroleum Geophysics(in Chinese),2007, 5(3):40-44
[2]Berryhill J R,Kim Y C.Deep-water peg-legs and multiples: emulation and suppression.Geophysics,1986,51(12):2177- 2184
[3]Wiggins J W.Attenuation of complex water-bottom multiples by wave-equation-based prediction and subtraction.Geophysics. 1988,53(12):1527-1539
[4]王维红,崔宝文,刘洪.表面多次波衰减的研究现状与进展.地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):1 56-164 Wang W H,Cui B W,Liu H.Research progress in surface-related multiple attenuation.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(1):156-164
[5]Verschuur D J,Kabir M M N.Comparison of surface-related multiple elimination with Radon multiple elimintion.J.Seis. Expl.,1992,(1):363-377
[6]Maeland E.Focusing aspects of the parabolic Radon transform.Geophysics,1998,63(5):1708-1715
[7]Durrani T S,Bisset D.The Radon transform and its properties.Geophysics,1984,49(8):1180-1187
[8]牛滨华,孙春岩,张中杰等.多项式Radon变换.地球物理学报,2001,44(2):263-271 Niu B H,Sun C Y,Zhang Z J,et al.Polynomial Radon transform.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(2): 263-271
[9]牛滨华,沈操,黄新武.波动方程多次波压制技术的进展.地球物理学进展,2002,17(3):480-485 Niu B H,Shen C,Huang X W.Progress in multiple attenuation techniques based on wave equation.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2002,17(3):480-485
[10]罗银河,刘江平,董桥梁等.Kirchhoff弯曲射线叠前时间偏移及应用.天然气工业,2005,25(8):35-37 Luo Y H,Liu J P,Dong Q L,et al.Kirchhoff curved-ray prestack time migrationand its application.Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),2005,25(8):35-37
[11]张学才.适于陡坡带砂砾岩体的地震资料叠前时间偏移处理技术.地球物理学进展,2008.23(2):588-593 Zhang X C.The pre-stock time migration processing technology of seismic datum for steep slope zone glutenite body.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese).2008.23(2): 588-593
[12]樊卫花,杨长春,孙传文等.三维地震资料叠前时间偏移应用研究.地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):836-842 Fan W H.Yang C C,Sun C W.et al.Application of prestack time migration for three dimensional seismic data. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese).2007.22(3):836-842
[13]夏戡原,黄慈流.南海中生代特提斯期沉积盆地的发现与找寻中生代含油气盆地的前景.地学前缘,2000,7(3):227-238 Xia K Y.Huang C L.The discovery of Meso-Tethys sedimentary basins in the South China Sea and their oil and gas perspective.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese).2000, 7(3):227-238
[14]刘光鼎.前新生代海相残留盆地.地球物理学进展,2001, 16(2):1-7 LIiu G D.Pre-cenozoic marine residual basins.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2001.16(2):1-7
[15]孙龙涛,孙珍,詹文欢等.南沙海域礼乐盆地油气资源潜力.地球科学,2010.35(1):137-145 Sun L T.Sun Z.Zhan W H.et al.Petroleum potential prediction of the Lile Basin in Nansha.Earth Science(in Chinese),2010,35(1):137-145
[16]Douglas J F,Charles C M.Suppression of multiple reflections using the Radon transform.Geophysics.1992.57(3):386-395
[17]刘伊克,Sun H C,常旭.基于波射线路径偏移压制多次波.地球物理学报,2004,47(4):697-701 Liu Y K,Sun H C.Chang X.Multiple removal by wavepath migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(4): 697-701
[18]刘伊克,常旭,王辉等.波路径偏移压制层间多次波的理论与应用.地球物理学报,2008,51(2):589-595 LiuY K,Chang X.Wang H,et al.Internal multiple removal and its application by wavepath migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese).2008.51(2):589-595
[19]Yilmaz O.Seismic Data Analysis:Processing,Inversion,and Interpretation of Seismic Data.Tulsa;Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2001
[20]王棣,王华忠,马在田等.叠前时间偏移方法综述.勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(5):313-320 Wang D,Wang H Z,Ma Z T,et al.Review of prestack time migration methods.Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,27(5):313-320
[21]闫桂京,何玉华,迟红光.叠前时间偏移技术在南海水合物地震资料处理中的应用.现代地质,2010,24(3):489-494 Yan G J,He Y H,Chi H G.Application of prestack time migration processing technique to gas hydrates seismic data processing in the South China Sea.Geoscience(in Chinese), 2010,24(3):489-494
[22]陈新荣.叠前时间偏移成像质量影响因素探讨.油气地球物理,2007,5(3):40-44 Chen X R.Discussion on influencing factors of PSTM imaging quality.Petroleum Geophysics(in Chinese),2007, 5(3):40-44
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