干涉雷达技术用于林分高估测
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摘要
如何使用遥感手段测量林分高一直是遥感技术积极探索的应用领域之一。雷达干涉测量 (InSAR)技术充分利用了雷达数据中的相位信息 ,从单视复型干涉影像数据对中提取地表高程信息。近年来这一技术取得了快速的发展 ,得到了广泛的应用。该文利用美国航天飞机SIR C/X SARL波段和C波段数据进行干涉测量处理 ,并将之应用于林分高估测。首先简要介绍了雷达干涉测量技术的发展及其基本原理 ,接着总结提出了用雷达干涉测量技术估测有效林分高的方法 ,并将估测结果与实际的外业测定数据进行了比较。采用直接与林缘相差分的方法进行有效林分高的估测 ,在黑龙江省大兴安岭实验区的初步结果说明了雷达干涉处理技术有用于有效林分高估测的潜力 ,显示了这一技术在林分高估测和林分高生长监测中的巨大应用前景。
It is an important field to estimate stand average height using remote sensing technology. SAR interferometry (InSAR) technology uses the phase information of single look complex SAR data to get three-dimensional information of the earth surface. In recent years, this technology has been used widely. Having considered the advantages of InSAR and the characteristics of woodland, this paper focus mainly on using SAR interferometry technology to estimate average height of stand with SIR-C/X-SAR L-band and C-band data. In this paper, after a brief review of InSAR technology and its major application fields, the principles of SAR interferometry are introduced. Then the methods of estimating stand height are given. At last, SIR-C/X-SAR C-band and L-band SLC data of Daxing′anling are processed and the estimated stand height is calculated and analyzed with the field measurements. The result shows that it is potential for InSAR technology to estimate effective stand height. Several conclusions are drawn as follows: (i) It is potential for InSAR technology to estimate effective stand height. Stand height information can be acquired from the digital surface model (DSM) gained from complex SAR data. If the appearance of forests is very regular, the short wavelength SAR data can get better result. But if the appearance of forests is irregular, the more steady result can be obtained using long wavelength SAR data. (ii) Only the method of "differential height between stand and nearby" is useful now. Other methods, which require accurate GCPs during InSAR processing, were not useful in this study. (iii) Different wave band should be selected if the appearance of forests were different obviously. If the appearance of forests were better, the short wave such as X or C band should be selected. Otherwise, the long band such as P or L band should be selected. (iv) SAR interferometry technology can be used to monitor stand height increment. Because the effective tree height can be estimated, we can use InSAR data of multi-year interval to monitor tree height increment during this interval.
It is an important field to estimate stand average height using remote sensing technology. SAR interferometry (InSAR) technology uses the phase information of single look complex SAR data to get three-dimensional information of the earth surface. In recent years, this technology has been used widely. Having considered the advantages of InSAR and the characteristics of woodland, this paper focus mainly on using SAR interferometry technology to estimate average height of stand with SIR-C/X-SAR L-band and C-band data. In this paper, after a brief review of InSAR technology and its major application fields, the principles of SAR interferometry are introduced. Then the methods of estimating stand height are given. At last, SIR-C/X-SAR C-band and L-band SLC data of Daxing′anling are processed and the estimated stand height is calculated and analyzed with the field measurements. The result shows that it is potential for InSAR technology to estimate effective stand height. Several conclusions are drawn as follows: (i) It is potential for InSAR technology to estimate effective stand height. Stand height information can be acquired from the digital surface model (DSM) gained from complex SAR data. If the appearance of forests is very regular, the short wavelength SAR data can get better result. But if the appearance of forests is irregular, the more steady result can be obtained using long wavelength SAR data. (ii) Only the method of "differential height between stand and nearby" is useful now. Other methods, which require accurate GCPs during InSAR processing, were not useful in this study. (iii) Different wave band should be selected if the appearance of forests were different obviously. If the appearance of forests were better, the short wave such as X or C band should be selected. Otherwise, the long band such as P or L band should be selected. (iv) SAR interferometry technology can be used to monitor stand height increment. Because the effective tree height can be estimated, we can use InSAR data of multi-year interval to monitor tree height increment during this interval.
引文
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[2] Zebker,H .A .,andGoldstein,R .M .TopographicmappingfrominterferometerySyntheticApertureRadarobservation[J].JournalofGeophysicalResearch,1986,91(B5):4993—4999.
[3] Hagberg,J .O .andUlander,L .M .H .Ontheoptimizationofin terferometricsSARfortopograpicmapping[J].IEEETransactionsonGeoscienceandRemoteSensing,1993,31(1):303—306.
[4] Lanari,R .,etal.GenerationofdigitalelevationmodelsbyusingSIR C/X SARmultifrequencytwo passinterferometry:theEtnacasestudy[J].IEEETransactionsonGeoscienceandRemoteSensing,1996,34(5):1097—1115.
[5] Massonnet,D .,K .Feigi,M .Rossi,andF .Adragna.RadarInter ferometricMappingofDeformationintheYearAftertheLandesEarthquake[J].Nature,1994,369(6477):227—230.
[6] WangChao,LiuZhi,ZhangHongetal.TheDifferentialRadarIn terferometryTechniquetoAchieveCoseismicDisplacementFieldoftheZhangbeiShangyiEarthquake[J].ScienceBulletin,2000,45(23):2250—2254.[王超,刘智,张红等,张北尚义地震同震形变场雷达差分干涉测量[J],科学通报,2000,45(23):2250—2254.]
[7] Wegm櫣ller,U .,Charles,L .W .SARinterferometricsignaturesofforest[J].I.E .E .E .TransactionsonGeoscienceandRemoteSens ing,1995,33(5):1153—1161.
[8] Goldstein,R .M .,H .Engellhardt,B .Kamb,andR .M .Frolich,SatelliteRadarInterferometeryforMonitoringIceSheetMotion:Ap plicationtoanAntarcticIceStream[J].Science,1993,262(5139):1525—1530.
[9] Askne,J.,Dammert,P .,Ulander,L .,andSmith,G .C Bandrepeat passinterferometricSARObservationsoftheforest[J].I.E .E .E .TransactionsonGeoscienceandRemoteSensing,1997,35(1):25—35.
[10] Hagberg,J .,Ulander,L .,andAskne,J.Repeat passSARinter ferometryoverforestedterrain[J].I.E .E .ETransactionsonGeo scienceandRemoteSensing,1995,33(2):331—340.
[11] J .M .Martinez,A .Beaudoin,U .Wegmuller,etal.Influenceofbiophysical,meteorologicalandtopographicfactorsonmultidateERSdataacquiredoverforestedterrain[C],InternationalGeoscienceandRemoteSensingSymposium(IGARSS)′′98.
[12] GaoDianying,ZhouGuangde,LiFuchun.ForestResourcesofEas ternDistrictofDaxin′anling[R].Daxing′anlingForestManagementBureau,1995[高殿英,周广德,李复春主编,大兴安岭东部林区森林资源[R],林业部大兴安岭林业管理局,1995].
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