GPS在结构健康监测中的研究与应用进展
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摘要
在土木工程领域,采用GPS对建(构)筑物进行健康监测是该学科发展的一个新的突破,因其具有高效、快速、全天候、全自动等优点,近年来基于这一技术的健康监测方法在特大型建筑物的变形监测中开始应用。首先阐述了结构健康监测的必要性和迫切性,简要回顾了传统的结构变形监测方法,然后探讨了GPS技术的发展历程,重点讨论了GPS中的RTK技术的原理、特点和当前国内外的应用情况,最后对基于RTK技术的健康监测方法在土木工程中的应用前景进行了展望。
In civil engineering, the health monitoring by use of GPS technology is a new breakthrough. It has been used in the health monitoring of large structures due to its attractive characteristics such as high efficiency, rapid determination, all weather and full automatization. In this paper, the necessity and urgency to conduct health monitoring are firstly presented in the civil engineering, and then the conventional methods for measuring structural deformation are outlined. The development process of GPS technology is reviewed, which introduces the basic theory and nature of RTK technology of GPS in detail. After that, the current statuses of application of RTK to civil engineering at home and abroad are discussed with some demonstrations. Finally,the perspective usage and future studies on GPS RTK technology in civil engineering are proposed.
In civil engineering, the health monitoring by use of GPS technology is a new breakthrough. It has been used in the health monitoring of large structures due to its attractive characteristics such as high efficiency, rapid determination, all weather and full automatization. In this paper, the necessity and urgency to conduct health monitoring are firstly presented in the civil engineering, and then the conventional methods for measuring structural deformation are outlined. The development process of GPS technology is reviewed, which introduces the basic theory and nature of RTK technology of GPS in detail. After that, the current statuses of application of RTK to civil engineering at home and abroad are discussed with some demonstrations. Finally,the perspective usage and future studies on GPS RTK technology in civil engineering are proposed.
引文
[1]张相廷.工程结构风荷载理论和抗风计算手册[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1990.34-42.
[2]CelebiM.GPSdynamicmonitoringoflong periodstructures[J].SoilDynamicsandEarthquakeEngineering,2000,20:477-483.
[3]WelschWM,HeuneckeO.Modelsandterminologyfortheanalysisofgeodeticmonitoringobeservations[C].OfficialReportoftheAd HocCommitteeofFIGWorking,2001.
[4]李宏男,李东升.土木工程结构安全性评估、健康监测及诊断述评[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(3):82-90.
[5]葛茂荣,过静 ,葛胜杰.GPS工程结构监测系统的建立及应用[J].解放军测绘学院学报,1999,16(2):79-82.
[6]王侬,过静 .现代普通测量学[M].北京:清华大学出版社出版,2001.
[7]TsakiriM,LekidisV,StewartM.TheuseofGPSinmonitoringcable stayedbridgeinseismicareas[A].IAGSymposium[C].Budapest,Hungary,Sep.,2001.268-275.
[8]过静 ,戴连君,卢云川.虎门大桥GPS(RTK)实时位移监测方法研究[J].测绘通报,2000,12:4-5.
[9]过静 ,商瑞斌,葛胜杰,谢宝童,白涛.利用GPS监测高大建筑物动态位移法研究[J].工程勘察,1997,3:48-51.
[10]LovseJW,TeskeyWF,LachapelleG,CannonME.DynamicdeformationmonitoringoftallstructuresusingGPStechnology[J].JournalofSurveyingEngineering,1995,121(1):35-40.
[11]周忠谟,易杰军,周琪.GPS卫星测量原理与应用(修订版)[M].北京:测绘出版社,1999.215.
[12]刘基余.GPS卫星导航定位原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[13] SeeberG,WubbenaG.Kinematicproceedingwithcarrierphaseandonthewayambiguityresolution[A].ProceedingoftheFifthInternationalGeodetic[C],1989.
[14] EulerHJ,LandanH.FastGPSambiguityresolutionon the flyforrealapplication[A].Proceedingofthe6thInternationalGeodeticSymposiumonSatellitePositioning[C].Columbus,Ohio,1992.650-659.
[15] CounselmanCC,GourevithSA.Miniatureinterferometerterminalsforearthsurveying:ambiguityandmultipathwiththeglobalpositioningsystem[J].IEEETransactionsonGeosciencesandRemoteSensing,GE-19(4).
[16] RemondiBW.UsingtheGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)phaseobservableforrelativegeodesy:modeling,processingandresults[R].NOAA.RockvilleUniversityofTexas,Austin,1984.
[17] MaderGL.DynamicpositioningusingGPScarrierphasemeasurements[J].ManuscriptGeodaetica,1986:272-277.
[18] MaderG.AmbiguityfunctiontechniquesforGPSphaseinitializationandkinematicsolutions[A].ProceedingwiththeGlobalPositioningSystem[C].Ottawa,Canada,Sep.1990.
[19]韩绍伟.GPS相位观测值模糊度函数法与最小二乘法的等价性及模糊度函数法的改进[J].测绘学报,1994,11:282-288.
[20] HatchR,EulerHJ.ComparisonofseveralAROFkinematicstechniques[A].ProceedingofION94[C].SaltLakeCity,Sep.1994.363-370.
[21] AbidinHZ.On the flyambiguityresolution:formulationandresults[J].ManuscriptGeodaetica,1993,(18):380-405.
[22] FreiE,BeutlerG.RapidstaticpositioningbasedonthefastambiguityresolutionapproachFARA:theoryandfirstresults[J].ManuscriptGeodaetica,1990,15:325-356.
[23]蔡建忠,张志勇.实时动态定位技术在土地勘测工作中的应用[J].测绘通报,2003,32(5):32-33.
[24]刘正光.人造卫星定位系统在桥梁结构健康监测中的应用[J].广西交通科技,2003,28(1):1-7.
[25]Kai yuenWong,King leungMan,Wai yeeChan.MonitoringHongKong'sbridgereal timekinematicspansthegap[J].GPSWorld,2001.6.
[26]罗志才,陈永奇,刘焱雄.GPS用于监测高层建筑物动态特征的模拟研究[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报,2000,25(2):100-104.
[27]李征航,何良华.全球定位系统(GPS)技术的最新进展第二讲网络RTK[J].测绘信息与工程,2000,27(2):22-25.
[28] WallaWallaDistrict.GPSmonitoringwasfirstappliedatDworshakdam,Idaho[J].1989.
[29]EricLeroy.用GPS实时监测世界上最长的悬索桥[J].测绘通报,1996,6:46-47.
[30]BreuerP,ChmielewskiT,GorskiP,KonopkaE.ApplicationofGPStechnologytomeasurementsofdisplacementsofhigh risestructuresduetoweakwinds[J].JournalofWindEngineeringandIndustrialAerodynamics,2002,90:223-230.
[31]CelebiM,SanliA.GPSinpioneeringdynamicmonitoringoflong periodstructures[J].EarthquakeSpectra,2002,(2):47-61.
[32]CelebiM.GPSand/orstrongandweakmotionstructuralresponsemeasurements casestudies[A].StructuralEngineersWorldCongress[C].CD-ROM,SanFrancisco,CA,1998.
[33] CelebiM,PrescottW,SteinR,HudnutK,BehrJ,Wilson.GPSmonitoringofdynamicbehavioroflong periodstructures[J].EarthquakeSpectra,1999:55-66.
[34]AshkenaziV,RobertsGW.ExperimentalmonitoringoftheHumberbridgeusingGPS[J].Proc.InstCiv.Engrs,Civ.Engng,1997,(120):177-182.
[35] BrownCJ,KarumaR,AshkenaziV.Monitoringofstructuresusingtheglobalpositioningsystem[J].Proc.InstnCiv.EngrsStructs＆Bldgs,1999,134:97-105.
[36] TamuraY,MatsuiM,PagniniLC,IshibashiR,YoshidaA.Measurementofwind inducedresponseofbuildingsusingRTK-GPS[J].JournalofWindEngineeringandIndustrialAerodynamics,2002,90:1783-1793.
[37] KashimaS,YanakaY,SuzukiS,MoriK.MonitoringtheAkashiKaikyobridge:firstexperiences[J].StructuralEngineeringInternational,2001,2:120-123.
[38]Shun ichiNakamura.GPSmeasurementofwind inducedsuspensionbridgegirderdisplacements[J].JournalofStructuralEngineering,2000,10:1413-1419.
[39]TracyKijewski Correa,KareemA.Theheightofprecision[J].GPSWorld,2003.9.
[40] OgajaC,RizosC,WangJ.AdynamicGPSsystemforon linestructuralmonitoring[A].The10thFIGInternationalSymposiumonDeformationMeasurements[C].Orange,California,USA,2001.
[41]钱稼如,过静 ,陈志鹏.地王大厦动力特性及大风时楼顶位移和加速度实测研究[J].土木工程学报,1998,31(6):30-39.
[42] ChenYongqi,HuangDingfa,DingXiaoli.MeasurementofvibrationoftallbuildingwithGPS:acasestudy[A].ProceedingsofSPIE[C].No.4337,2001:477-483.
[43]黄丁发,陈永奇,丁晓利,朱建军,杨喜中,刘国洋.GPS高层建筑物常荷载振动测试的小波分析[J].振动与冲击,2001.20(1):12-15.
[44]黄声享,刘经南,柳响林.小波分析在高层建筑动态监测中的应用[J].测绘学报,2003,32(2):153-157.
[45]黄丁发,丁晓利,陈永奇,龚涛,熊永良.GPS多路径效应影响与结构振动的小波滤波筛分研究[J].测绘学报,2001,30(1):36-41.
[46]朱桂新,陈旭东,王迎军,许晓辉,过静 .GPSRTK技术在虎门大桥运营安全监测中的应用[J].公路,2002,7:55-58.
[47] JiangJianjing,LuXinzheng,GuoJingjun.Studyforreal timemonitoringoflarge spanbridgeusingGPS[M].ISSST"ProgressinSafetyScienceandTechnology"Beijing/NewYork:SciencePress,2002.9.
[48]程朋根,熊助国,韩丽华,徐云和.基于GPS技术的大型结构建筑物动态监测[J].华东地质学院学报,2002,25(4):324-332.
[49] FrisionTetal.Practicalconsiderationsforhealthmonitoringsystems[A].NDEforHealthMonitoringandDiagnostics[C].SanDiego,2002.4702-4714.
[2]CelebiM.GPSdynamicmonitoringoflong periodstructures[J].SoilDynamicsandEarthquakeEngineering,2000,20:477-483.
[3]WelschWM,HeuneckeO.Modelsandterminologyfortheanalysisofgeodeticmonitoringobeservations[C].OfficialReportoftheAd HocCommitteeofFIGWorking,2001.
[4]李宏男,李东升.土木工程结构安全性评估、健康监测及诊断述评[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(3):82-90.
[5]葛茂荣,过静 ,葛胜杰.GPS工程结构监测系统的建立及应用[J].解放军测绘学院学报,1999,16(2):79-82.
[6]王侬,过静 .现代普通测量学[M].北京:清华大学出版社出版,2001.
[7]TsakiriM,LekidisV,StewartM.TheuseofGPSinmonitoringcable stayedbridgeinseismicareas[A].IAGSymposium[C].Budapest,Hungary,Sep.,2001.268-275.
[8]过静 ,戴连君,卢云川.虎门大桥GPS(RTK)实时位移监测方法研究[J].测绘通报,2000,12:4-5.
[9]过静 ,商瑞斌,葛胜杰,谢宝童,白涛.利用GPS监测高大建筑物动态位移法研究[J].工程勘察,1997,3:48-51.
[10]LovseJW,TeskeyWF,LachapelleG,CannonME.DynamicdeformationmonitoringoftallstructuresusingGPStechnology[J].JournalofSurveyingEngineering,1995,121(1):35-40.
[11]周忠谟,易杰军,周琪.GPS卫星测量原理与应用(修订版)[M].北京:测绘出版社,1999.215.
[12]刘基余.GPS卫星导航定位原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[13] SeeberG,WubbenaG.Kinematicproceedingwithcarrierphaseandonthewayambiguityresolution[A].ProceedingoftheFifthInternationalGeodetic[C],1989.
[14] EulerHJ,LandanH.FastGPSambiguityresolutionon the flyforrealapplication[A].Proceedingofthe6thInternationalGeodeticSymposiumonSatellitePositioning[C].Columbus,Ohio,1992.650-659.
[15] CounselmanCC,GourevithSA.Miniatureinterferometerterminalsforearthsurveying:ambiguityandmultipathwiththeglobalpositioningsystem[J].IEEETransactionsonGeosciencesandRemoteSensing,GE-19(4).
[16] RemondiBW.UsingtheGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)phaseobservableforrelativegeodesy:modeling,processingandresults[R].NOAA.RockvilleUniversityofTexas,Austin,1984.
[17] MaderGL.DynamicpositioningusingGPScarrierphasemeasurements[J].ManuscriptGeodaetica,1986:272-277.
[18] MaderG.AmbiguityfunctiontechniquesforGPSphaseinitializationandkinematicsolutions[A].ProceedingwiththeGlobalPositioningSystem[C].Ottawa,Canada,Sep.1990.
[19]韩绍伟.GPS相位观测值模糊度函数法与最小二乘法的等价性及模糊度函数法的改进[J].测绘学报,1994,11:282-288.
[20] HatchR,EulerHJ.ComparisonofseveralAROFkinematicstechniques[A].ProceedingofION94[C].SaltLakeCity,Sep.1994.363-370.
[21] AbidinHZ.On the flyambiguityresolution:formulationandresults[J].ManuscriptGeodaetica,1993,(18):380-405.
[22] FreiE,BeutlerG.RapidstaticpositioningbasedonthefastambiguityresolutionapproachFARA:theoryandfirstresults[J].ManuscriptGeodaetica,1990,15:325-356.
[23]蔡建忠,张志勇.实时动态定位技术在土地勘测工作中的应用[J].测绘通报,2003,32(5):32-33.
[24]刘正光.人造卫星定位系统在桥梁结构健康监测中的应用[J].广西交通科技,2003,28(1):1-7.
[25]Kai yuenWong,King leungMan,Wai yeeChan.MonitoringHongKong'sbridgereal timekinematicspansthegap[J].GPSWorld,2001.6.
[26]罗志才,陈永奇,刘焱雄.GPS用于监测高层建筑物动态特征的模拟研究[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报,2000,25(2):100-104.
[27]李征航,何良华.全球定位系统(GPS)技术的最新进展第二讲网络RTK[J].测绘信息与工程,2000,27(2):22-25.
[28] WallaWallaDistrict.GPSmonitoringwasfirstappliedatDworshakdam,Idaho[J].1989.
[29]EricLeroy.用GPS实时监测世界上最长的悬索桥[J].测绘通报,1996,6:46-47.
[30]BreuerP,ChmielewskiT,GorskiP,KonopkaE.ApplicationofGPStechnologytomeasurementsofdisplacementsofhigh risestructuresduetoweakwinds[J].JournalofWindEngineeringandIndustrialAerodynamics,2002,90:223-230.
[31]CelebiM,SanliA.GPSinpioneeringdynamicmonitoringoflong periodstructures[J].EarthquakeSpectra,2002,(2):47-61.
[32]CelebiM.GPSand/orstrongandweakmotionstructuralresponsemeasurements casestudies[A].StructuralEngineersWorldCongress[C].CD-ROM,SanFrancisco,CA,1998.
[33] CelebiM,PrescottW,SteinR,HudnutK,BehrJ,Wilson.GPSmonitoringofdynamicbehavioroflong periodstructures[J].EarthquakeSpectra,1999:55-66.
[34]AshkenaziV,RobertsGW.ExperimentalmonitoringoftheHumberbridgeusingGPS[J].Proc.InstCiv.Engrs,Civ.Engng,1997,(120):177-182.
[35] BrownCJ,KarumaR,AshkenaziV.Monitoringofstructuresusingtheglobalpositioningsystem[J].Proc.InstnCiv.EngrsStructs＆Bldgs,1999,134:97-105.
[36] TamuraY,MatsuiM,PagniniLC,IshibashiR,YoshidaA.Measurementofwind inducedresponseofbuildingsusingRTK-GPS[J].JournalofWindEngineeringandIndustrialAerodynamics,2002,90:1783-1793.
[37] KashimaS,YanakaY,SuzukiS,MoriK.MonitoringtheAkashiKaikyobridge:firstexperiences[J].StructuralEngineeringInternational,2001,2:120-123.
[38]Shun ichiNakamura.GPSmeasurementofwind inducedsuspensionbridgegirderdisplacements[J].JournalofStructuralEngineering,2000,10:1413-1419.
[39]TracyKijewski Correa,KareemA.Theheightofprecision[J].GPSWorld,2003.9.
[40] OgajaC,RizosC,WangJ.AdynamicGPSsystemforon linestructuralmonitoring[A].The10thFIGInternationalSymposiumonDeformationMeasurements[C].Orange,California,USA,2001.
[41]钱稼如,过静 ,陈志鹏.地王大厦动力特性及大风时楼顶位移和加速度实测研究[J].土木工程学报,1998,31(6):30-39.
[42] ChenYongqi,HuangDingfa,DingXiaoli.MeasurementofvibrationoftallbuildingwithGPS:acasestudy[A].ProceedingsofSPIE[C].No.4337,2001:477-483.
[43]黄丁发,陈永奇,丁晓利,朱建军,杨喜中,刘国洋.GPS高层建筑物常荷载振动测试的小波分析[J].振动与冲击,2001.20(1):12-15.
[44]黄声享,刘经南,柳响林.小波分析在高层建筑动态监测中的应用[J].测绘学报,2003,32(2):153-157.
[45]黄丁发,丁晓利,陈永奇,龚涛,熊永良.GPS多路径效应影响与结构振动的小波滤波筛分研究[J].测绘学报,2001,30(1):36-41.
[46]朱桂新,陈旭东,王迎军,许晓辉,过静 .GPSRTK技术在虎门大桥运营安全监测中的应用[J].公路,2002,7:55-58.
[47] JiangJianjing,LuXinzheng,GuoJingjun.Studyforreal timemonitoringoflarge spanbridgeusingGPS[M].ISSST"ProgressinSafetyScienceandTechnology"Beijing/NewYork:SciencePress,2002.9.
[48]程朋根,熊助国,韩丽华,徐云和.基于GPS技术的大型结构建筑物动态监测[J].华东地质学院学报,2002,25(4):324-332.
[49] FrisionTetal.Practicalconsiderationsforhealthmonitoringsystems[A].NDEforHealthMonitoringandDiagnostics[C].SanDiego,2002.4702-4714.
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