地震供能、储能与放能机制的研究
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摘要
“双向应变结构”是孕育和发生地震可能的供能、储能与放能的一种机制。它既能缓慢地储存弹性势能与重力势能而孕育地震,又能突然快速地释放弹性势能与重力势能而发生地震。由于地震发生时孕震体是(原应变的)应变逆转的自破裂过程,因此当初始破裂发生后,在破裂的前沿区,地震剪切应力在原有应力集中的基础上,还会再次产生一个突然快速增强(使破裂加速)到快速减弱(使破裂减速到停止)的过程,即产生“应变逆转破裂效应”。这样,不仅会大大增加地震破裂前沿区的剪切应力,而且还会大大减小破裂中的阻力,可能使地震发生中的断层强度佯谬得到解释。“双向应变结构”破裂发生地震的具体物理机制,印证了震源体断层运动的复杂性:既产生了剪切错动的破裂运动,又产生了单向的拉张与单向的压缩运动,同时还产生了整体的膨胀与整体的压缩运动。
Biaxial strain structure is a mechanism in supply , storage and release of seismic energy for preparation and occurrence of earthquakes. It is not only storage of energy to prepare earthquakes but also quickly release of energy to generate earthquakes. Because occurrence of earthquakes is self crack, after cracking, in the front of crack, seismic shear stress may be changed strongly from weak, increasing shear stress, as well as decrease resistance of cracking. The physical mechanism of biaxial strain structure verifies the complexity of the motion in seismic source, it generates dislocation movement as well as extension and compression movement.
Biaxial strain structure is a mechanism in supply , storage and release of seismic energy for preparation and occurrence of earthquakes. It is not only storage of energy to prepare earthquakes but also quickly release of energy to generate earthquakes. Because occurrence of earthquakes is self crack, after cracking, in the front of crack, seismic shear stress may be changed strongly from weak, increasing shear stress, as well as decrease resistance of cracking. The physical mechanism of biaxial strain structure verifies the complexity of the motion in seismic source, it generates dislocation movement as well as extension and compression movement.
引文
①陈绍绪,李文英,平建军,等.反演潜在震源力学参数的一种方法(待发表)。
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[1]周友华.地震孕育机制与破裂机制的研究.地球科学进展,2000,15(6):637643
[2]周友华,燕为民.孕震体与非孕震体区别的讨论.西北地震学报,2000,22(4):483484
[3]周友华,胡奉湘,饶云阶,等.地震的孕育发生与双向应变结构相伴.国际地震动态,2004(2):2834
[4]崔笃信.天祝景泰6.2级地震的地形变异常特征.地震,1994(4):59
[5]梅世蓉.地震科学研究论文选集—地震学、地震前兆与地震预报;唐山地震前兆的复杂性与规则性.北京:地震出版社,1993,14;152
[6]张兴华,宋金玲,王琼伟,等.云南地壳形变与丽江7.0级地震.地震研究,1997,20(1):73
[7]周友华,胡奉湘,饶云阶,等.地震应力产生传递与集中机制的研究.国际地震动态,2004(11):814
[8]中国地震局监测预报司.地震参数数字地震学在地震预报中的应用,第五章,陈运泰,地震能量和地震效率.北京:地震出版社,2003:5170
[9]郭增建,秦保燕.地震成因和地震预报.北京:地震出版社,1991:67108
[10]罗灼礼.震源应力场、形变场和倾斜场.地震学报,1980,2(2):169
[11]丁国瑜,石鉴邦,邓起东,等.富蕴地震断裂带.北京:地震出版社,1985:114119
[12]中国地震局监测预报司.地震参数数子地震学在地震预报中的应用,第二章,许忠淮,震源机制.北京:地震出版社,2003:1625
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