高精度三维地震采集技术在塔中沙漠区碳酸盐岩勘探中的应用
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摘要
塔中沙漠区碳酸盐岩储层是塔里木盆地最主要的油气勘探目标之一。如何提高沙漠地表条件下小缝洞型储层在地震资料上的成像质量是目前该区地震勘探中亟待解决的主要问题。为此,在地震采集技术方面提出了相应的措施。首先,调查了疏松沙丘对地震波的吸收衰减情况,并进行了高速层中检波器接收试验,结果表明,疏松沙丘对地震波(主频35 Hz及以下)的吸收衰减作用不严重,检波器组合接收是提高地震资料信噪比的一种重要手段;其次,研究了针对碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层的三维观测系统设计方法,提出了道密度设计方法及保证面元属性均匀的观测系统设计原则;最后,对沙漠地表条件下的组合高差设计方法进行了论证分析,提出了基于沙丘性质的灵活的检波器组合高差设计方法。将这些方法应用于塔中沙漠区的三维地震勘探,取得了非常明显的勘探效果。
The carbonate reservoir in the Central Tarim Basin is one of the main targets of hydrocarbon exploration.Now it focuses on how to improve the imaging quality of small fracture-cave reservoir on seismic data in desert surface condition.For this purpose,the appropriate technical measures of seismic acquisition were proposed. Firstly,we investigated the absorption and attenuation of seismic wave in loose sand-dune,and implemented the experimentation of receiving in high-velocity layer.The result indicates that absorption and attenuation on the seismic wave with the main frequency below 35Hz in sand-dune isn't serious,and geophone array is one important method for improving signal-to-noise of seismic data.Secondly, we studied 3D geometry design method for fracture-cave reservoir of carbonate,which presents the design method of trace density and the design principle of 3D geometry for assuring bin attributes uniformity. Finally,by the analysis of the elevation difference of geophone array,a flexible design method based on the properties of sand dune was proposed.The methods were used to the 3D seismic exploration in the Central Tarim Basin,and good result was ob- tained.
The carbonate reservoir in the Central Tarim Basin is one of the main targets of hydrocarbon exploration.Now it focuses on how to improve the imaging quality of small fracture-cave reservoir on seismic data in desert surface condition.For this purpose,the appropriate technical measures of seismic acquisition were proposed. Firstly,we investigated the absorption and attenuation of seismic wave in loose sand-dune,and implemented the experimentation of receiving in high-velocity layer.The result indicates that absorption and attenuation on the seismic wave with the main frequency below 35Hz in sand-dune isn't serious,and geophone array is one important method for improving signal-to-noise of seismic data.Secondly, we studied 3D geometry design method for fracture-cave reservoir of carbonate,which presents the design method of trace density and the design principle of 3D geometry for assuring bin attributes uniformity. Finally,by the analysis of the elevation difference of geophone array,a flexible design method based on the properties of sand dune was proposed.The methods were used to the 3D seismic exploration in the Central Tarim Basin,and good result was ob- tained.
引文
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[15]陈学强.塔里木盆地大北地区激发药量选择[J].石油物探,2007,46(1):81-89
[2]裴江云,陈树民,刘振宽,等.近地表Q值求取及振幅补偿[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(4):18-22
[3]姚姚,唐文榜.深层碳酸盐岩岩溶风化壳洞缝型油气藏可检测性的理论研究[J].石油地球物理勘探, 2003,38(6):623-629
[4]姚姚.菲涅耳带与洞缝型油气藏地震波场[J].石油物探,2005,44(5):491-494
[5]李剑峰,赵群,郝守玲,等.塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层缝洞系统的物理模拟研究[J].石油物探,2005,44(5): 428-432
[6]魏建新.不同裂缝密度的物理模型研究[J].石油物探,2002,41(4):433-438
[7]狄帮让,熊学良,岳英,等.面元大小对地震成像分辨率的影响分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4): 363-368
[8]李明,李守林,赵一民.塔里木盆地某地区碳酸盐岩裂缝储层预测研究[J].石油物探,2000,39(2): 24-35
[9]杨子川.塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层预测技术与应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(6):433-437
[10]陈广坡,潘建国,陶云光.碳酸盐岩岩溶型储层综合预测评价技术的应用及效果分析[J].石油物探, 2005,44(1):34-36
[11]陈学强,杨举勇,简先知,等.塔中地区碳酸盐岩勘探小面元三维地震采集设计方法及应用效果[J].天然气工业,2007,27(增刊A):37-39
[12]陈学强,段孟川,钟海,等.塔中沙漠区碳酸盐岩三维地震勘探技术[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(5): 346-352
[13]魏继东,李庆忠.检波器组内高差对高频信息压制的理论分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(5): 597-602
[14]李庆忠,魏继东.高密度采集中组合效应对高频截止频率的影响[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4): 363-369
[15]陈学强.塔里木盆地大北地区激发药量选择[J].石油物探,2007,46(1):81-89
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