城市地震次生火灾分析及处置对策
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摘要
现代城市地震次生火灾发生概率大,扑救难度大,极易造成大量的人员伤亡以及财产损失。大量的统计数据表明,震后火灾的诱因、时空分布及消亡因素有着一定的规律性。本文在详细分析城市地震次生火灾发生的原因、火灾时空分布及危害特点的基础上,针对应急处置对策和长远处置对策等方面提出了新的观点,可供消防部队处置此类灾害时参考。
Urban fires during earthquakes take place with large probability,difficultly being put out and easily causing a large number of casualties and property losses.A large number of statistics show that the origin,distribution in time and region,extinction factors of post-earthquake fires have a certain regularity.Fire brigades,as a major regional force undertaking fire fighting and personnel rescue,should take measures to develop disposal strategies and strengthen the construction of fragile links,reaching the maximum combat performance.Through the analysis of earthquake-induced fire,the emergency response plan has been improved under the existing level of fire-fighting equipments and combat capabilities.In addition,the distribution of fire stations should be well programmed by use of the secondary fire model during earthquake.The emergency command platform based on GIS system would be an ideal way to implement the dynamics command during fire rescue in earthquake.
Urban fires during earthquakes take place with large probability,difficultly being put out and easily causing a large number of casualties and property losses.A large number of statistics show that the origin,distribution in time and region,extinction factors of post-earthquake fires have a certain regularity.Fire brigades,as a major regional force undertaking fire fighting and personnel rescue,should take measures to develop disposal strategies and strengthen the construction of fragile links,reaching the maximum combat performance.Through the analysis of earthquake-induced fire,the emergency response plan has been improved under the existing level of fire-fighting equipments and combat capabilities.In addition,the distribution of fire stations should be well programmed by use of the secondary fire model during earthquake.The emergency command platform based on GIS system would be an ideal way to implement the dynamics command during fire rescue in earthquake.
引文
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[4]Nakahara,Mitaka.Post-earthquake fires and firefighting activities in the early stage in the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake[C]//Thirteenth meeting of the UJNR panel on fire research and safety,1995.
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[6]吴越.大连市城区消防规划的抗震策略分析[D].天津大学建筑工程学院硕士学位论文,2006.
[7]连杰.基于GIS的城市地震次生火灾危险性区划研究[D].北京工业大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[8]王碧君.城市地震次生火灾蔓延模型及应急疏散模拟分析[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[9]黄世敏.地理信息系统在国内城市防震减灾中的应用研究综述[J].四川建筑科学研究,2007,33:1-7.
[10]关惠平.遥感信息技术及其在高精度可视化导航工程中的应用[J].兰州交通大学学报(自然科学版),2006,25(1):4-7.
[11]周炜.消防通信[M].北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2007.
[2]Robert Brady Williamson,Norman Groner.Ignition of fires following earthquakes associated with natural gas and electric distribution systems[R]//Department of Civil and Environment Engineering,1995.
[3]Richard N.Wright.Lifelines and Control of post earthquake fires[R].USA:Building and Fire reseach laboratory,1997.
[4]Nakahara,Mitaka.Post-earthquake fires and firefighting activities in the early stage in the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake[C]//Thirteenth meeting of the UJNR panel on fire research and safety,1995.
[5]任爱珠,罗伍剑.地震中城市消防调度决策的研究[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2000,40(11):85-88.
[6]吴越.大连市城区消防规划的抗震策略分析[D].天津大学建筑工程学院硕士学位论文,2006.
[7]连杰.基于GIS的城市地震次生火灾危险性区划研究[D].北京工业大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[8]王碧君.城市地震次生火灾蔓延模型及应急疏散模拟分析[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[9]黄世敏.地理信息系统在国内城市防震减灾中的应用研究综述[J].四川建筑科学研究,2007,33:1-7.
[10]关惠平.遥感信息技术及其在高精度可视化导航工程中的应用[J].兰州交通大学学报(自然科学版),2006,25(1):4-7.
[11]周炜.消防通信[M].北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2007.
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