高含沙水流河床稳定性试验研究
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摘要
利用过程响应模型试验原理,模拟了高含沙水流河道的形成过程,从平面、横断面和纵向变化3方面揭示了高含沙水流窄深河道的形成过程及河道形态特征。试验结果表明:在高含沙窄深河道形成初期,河道平面摆动剧烈,同时水流漫滩并大量淤积,河床抬高,主槽保持窄深形态;在后期,水流不漫滩和保持高含沙水流的条件下,这种单一窄深河道形态变化较小,在空间和时间上都能够相对稳定。
This paper simulated the formation processes from the aspect of the planar, cross-sectional, and longitudinal form of the deep and narrow channel impacted by hyper-concentrated flow using the experimental theory of process-response model. The experimental results show that in the early stages, the channel changes largely and frequently, at the same time, the heavy sediment-laden flow overflowes the floodplain and deposites largely on it, which causes the channel elevation raised. However, the main channel still keeps deep and narrow. In the later stages, the flow of water does not over the floodplain and keeps high sediment concentration. This kind of channel changes slightly and keeps stable temporally and spatially.
This paper simulated the formation processes from the aspect of the planar, cross-sectional, and longitudinal form of the deep and narrow channel impacted by hyper-concentrated flow using the experimental theory of process-response model. The experimental results show that in the early stages, the channel changes largely and frequently, at the same time, the heavy sediment-laden flow overflowes the floodplain and deposites largely on it, which causes the channel elevation raised. However, the main channel still keeps deep and narrow. In the later stages, the flow of water does not over the floodplain and keeps high sediment concentration. This kind of channel changes slightly and keeps stable temporally and spatially.
引文
[1] 钱宁.高含沙水流运动[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1989． QIAN Ning. Hyper-Concentrated Flow Movement[M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 1989． (in Chinese)
[2] 张仁,钱宁,蔡体录.高含沙水流长距离稳定输送条件的分析[J].泥沙研究.1982． (3) :1-12． ZHANG Ren, QIAN Ning, CAI Tilu. The analysis of conditions for long distance and stable transport of hyper-concentrated flow [J]. J of Sediment Research, 1982, (3) : 1-12． (in Chinese)
[3] 张红武,江恩惠,吕昕.黄河高含沙洪水异常现象成因分析[J].人民黄河,1993,(9) :3-5． ZHANG Hongwu, JIANG Enhui, L Xin. Analysis on the cause of hyper-eoncentrated flow abnormal phenomena in Yellow River [J]. Yellow River, 1993, (9) : 3-5． (in Chinese)
[4] 张红武,江恩惠,白咏梅,等.黄河高含沙洪水的模型相似率[M],郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1994． ZHANG Hongwu, JIANG Enhui, BAI Yongmei, et al. Scale Laws of Model Similarity of Hyper-Concentrated Flow [M]. Zhengzhou: Henan Sci and Tech Press, 1994． (in Chinese)
[5] 金德生,刘书楼,郭庆伍.应用河流地貌实验与模拟研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1992． JIN Desheng, LIU Shulou, GUO Qingwu. Experimental Study and Simulation to Applied River Morphology [M]. Beijing: Seismic Press, 1992． (in Chinese)
[6] 谢炯心.高含沙曲流形成机理的初步研究[J].地理学报.1992,47(1) :40-48． XU Jiongxin. A preliminary study on the mechanism of formation of meandering river impacted by hyperconcentrated flow [J]. Acta Geographic Sinica, 1992, 47(1) : 40-48． (in Chinese)
[7] 钱宁.关于河流分类及成因问题的探讨[J].地理学报,1985,40(1) :1-10． QIAN Ning. On the classification and causes of formation of different channel patterns [J]. Acta Gevgraphic Sinica, 1985, 40(1) : 1-10． (in Chinese)
[8] Knighton D. Fluvial Forms and Processes [M]. London: Edward Arnord, 1984．
[9] 师长兴,章典.中国黄土分布区多沙曲流发育规律[J],地理学报,2000,55(2) :228-234． SHI Changxing, ZHANG Dian. The formation law of the mean-dering rivers with heavy sediment load in loess areas, China [J]. Acta Geographic Sinica, 2000, 55(2) : 228-234． (in Chinese)
[10] 张红武,吕昕.弯道水力学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1993． ZHANG Hongwu, L Xin. Bend Hydraulics [M]. Beijing: Hydraulic and Electric Press, 1993． (in Chinese)
[2] 张仁,钱宁,蔡体录.高含沙水流长距离稳定输送条件的分析[J].泥沙研究.1982． (3) :1-12． ZHANG Ren, QIAN Ning, CAI Tilu. The analysis of conditions for long distance and stable transport of hyper-concentrated flow [J]. J of Sediment Research, 1982, (3) : 1-12． (in Chinese)
[3] 张红武,江恩惠,吕昕.黄河高含沙洪水异常现象成因分析[J].人民黄河,1993,(9) :3-5． ZHANG Hongwu, JIANG Enhui, L Xin. Analysis on the cause of hyper-eoncentrated flow abnormal phenomena in Yellow River [J]. Yellow River, 1993, (9) : 3-5． (in Chinese)
[4] 张红武,江恩惠,白咏梅,等.黄河高含沙洪水的模型相似率[M],郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1994． ZHANG Hongwu, JIANG Enhui, BAI Yongmei, et al. Scale Laws of Model Similarity of Hyper-Concentrated Flow [M]. Zhengzhou: Henan Sci and Tech Press, 1994． (in Chinese)
[5] 金德生,刘书楼,郭庆伍.应用河流地貌实验与模拟研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1992． JIN Desheng, LIU Shulou, GUO Qingwu. Experimental Study and Simulation to Applied River Morphology [M]. Beijing: Seismic Press, 1992． (in Chinese)
[6] 谢炯心.高含沙曲流形成机理的初步研究[J].地理学报.1992,47(1) :40-48． XU Jiongxin. A preliminary study on the mechanism of formation of meandering river impacted by hyperconcentrated flow [J]. Acta Geographic Sinica, 1992, 47(1) : 40-48． (in Chinese)
[7] 钱宁.关于河流分类及成因问题的探讨[J].地理学报,1985,40(1) :1-10． QIAN Ning. On the classification and causes of formation of different channel patterns [J]. Acta Gevgraphic Sinica, 1985, 40(1) : 1-10． (in Chinese)
[8] Knighton D. Fluvial Forms and Processes [M]. London: Edward Arnord, 1984．
[9] 师长兴,章典.中国黄土分布区多沙曲流发育规律[J],地理学报,2000,55(2) :228-234． SHI Changxing, ZHANG Dian. The formation law of the mean-dering rivers with heavy sediment load in loess areas, China [J]. Acta Geographic Sinica, 2000, 55(2) : 228-234． (in Chinese)
[10] 张红武,吕昕.弯道水力学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1993． ZHANG Hongwu, L Xin. Bend Hydraulics [M]. Beijing: Hydraulic and Electric Press, 1993． (in Chinese)
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