岩石在酸化环境下的强度损伤及其静态加速模拟
摘要
在不同质量百分比(1.0%,5.0%及10.0%)的3种酸溶液(H2SO4,HNO3和HCl)中,对大理岩和辉绿岩的水岩作用进行了静态长时(900d)加速浸泡试验模拟,分析了岩石单轴抗压强度、劈裂法抗拉强度和表面肖氏硬度的损伤对酸的敏感性和损伤机制。研究结果表明,在静水环境下,岩石强度损伤、硬度损伤及腐蚀速率与H+浓度及浸泡时间成非线性关系,岩石腐蚀所产生的环境效应不仅与岩性、酸种和H+浓度有关,而且与新成盐是否发生水解有关。
Aimed to understand how rocks get deteriorated under acidified conditions,accelerated simulations of water-rock interaction for marble and diabase have been carried out continuously in static water surroundings with different acids (H2SO4,HNO3 and HCl) of different contents (1.0%,5.0% and 10.0%) for 900 days.The sensitivity of the deterioration of unconfined compressive strength(UCS),tensile strength and Shore hardness to acid types and acidity,and deterioration mechanism are analyzed.The results seem to indicate that strength deterioration,surface hardness deterioration and eroded rate will nonlinearly increase with the concentration of H+ and acid treatment time;and environmental effect of the simulation conditions is directly correlated to the lithology,acid types and the concentration of H+ as well as further dissolution of the new salts in water.The sensitivity to both strength deterioration and hardness deterioration of marble and diabase under individual acid conditions is different from that under mixed acid surroundings.In the case with individual acid,vitriol and nitric acids are relatively sensitive to marble and diabase when the content of acid is less than 5.0%.However,the sensitivity will decrease and the effect on deterioration will become stable when their content is more than 5.0%.It shows that different acid types play different roles in deterioration of carbonate and silicate rocks.In the case of mixed acids,the deteriorations of strength and hardness of marble gradually increase with the increase of the content of vitriolacid.However,the activities of vitriol,nitric acid and hydrochloric acid are equal for diabase.It shows that the mechanisms of erosive function in carbonate rock are different from that in silicate rock under the mixed acid conditions.Generally,the deteriorations of strength and hardness in both marble and diabase are more intensive in the case of mixed acids than that in the individual case.Further,in both cases,the deteriorations of marble are more intensive than those of diabase,and the damage in tensile strength,UCS,and Shore hardness will decrease in order.
Aimed to understand how rocks get deteriorated under acidified conditions,accelerated simulations of water-rock interaction for marble and diabase have been carried out continuously in static water surroundings with different acids (H2SO4,HNO3 and HCl) of different contents (1.0%,5.0% and 10.0%) for 900 days.The sensitivity of the deterioration of unconfined compressive strength(UCS),tensile strength and Shore hardness to acid types and acidity,and deterioration mechanism are analyzed.The results seem to indicate that strength deterioration,surface hardness deterioration and eroded rate will nonlinearly increase with the concentration of H+ and acid treatment time;and environmental effect of the simulation conditions is directly correlated to the lithology,acid types and the concentration of H+ as well as further dissolution of the new salts in water.The sensitivity to both strength deterioration and hardness deterioration of marble and diabase under individual acid conditions is different from that under mixed acid surroundings.In the case with individual acid,vitriol and nitric acids are relatively sensitive to marble and diabase when the content of acid is less than 5.0%.However,the sensitivity will decrease and the effect on deterioration will become stable when their content is more than 5.0%.It shows that different acid types play different roles in deterioration of carbonate and silicate rocks.In the case of mixed acids,the deteriorations of strength and hardness of marble gradually increase with the increase of the content of vitriolacid.However,the activities of vitriol,nitric acid and hydrochloric acid are equal for diabase.It shows that the mechanisms of erosive function in carbonate rock are different from that in silicate rock under the mixed acid conditions.Generally,the deteriorations of strength and hardness in both marble and diabase are more intensive in the case of mixed acids than that in the individual case.Further,in both cases,the deteriorations of marble are more intensive than those of diabase,and the damage in tensile strength,UCS,and Shore hardness will decrease in order.
引文
[1]Kanazu T,Matsumura T.Effect of simulated acid rains on deterioration of concrete[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2001,130(1/2/3/4):1481-1486
[2]Okochi H,Kameda H,Hasegawa S,et al.Deterioration of concrete structures by acid deposition—an assessment of the role of rainwater on deterioration by laboratory and field exposure experiments using mortar specimens[J].Atmospheric Environment,2000,34(18):2937-2945.
[3]Uchida E,Ogawa Y,Maeda N,et al.Deterioration of stone materials in the Anger monuments[J].Engineering Geology,2000,55(1/2):101-112.
[4]Rivas T,Prieto B,Silva B.Influence of rift and bedding plane on the physico-mechanical properties of granitic rocks.implications for deterioration of granitic monuments[J].Building and Environment,2000,35(5):387-396.
[5]Wu S T,Mclane R A,Mclane J.Rock deterioration in the Royal Tomb of Setil,Valley of the kings,Luxor,Egypt[J].Engineering Geology,2000,58(2):163-190.
[6]Topal T,S?zmen B.Deterioration mechanics of tuffs in Midas monument[J].Engineering Geology,2003,68(3/4):201-223.
[7]谭卓英,刘文静,闭历平,等.岩石强度损伤及其环境效应试验模拟研究[J].中国矿业,2001,10(4):50-53.(Tan Zhuoying,Liu Wenjing,Bi Liping,et al.Experimental simulation of rock strength damage and its environmental effect[J].China Mining Magazine,2001,10(4):50-53.(in Chinese))
[8]Galloway J N.Acidification of the world:natural and anthropogenic[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2001,130(1/2/3/4):17-24.
[9]Gao S D,Sakamoto K.Studies on atmospheric pollution,acid rain and emission control for their precursors in Chongqing China[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2001,130(1/2/3/4):247-252.
[10]Chung Y S,Kim H S.Acidic precipitation and large-scale transport ofair pollutants observed in Korea[J],Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2001,130(1/2/3/4):367-372.
[11]Bamford W E,Van Duyse H,Xieble C,et al.Suggested methods for determining hardness and abrasiveness of rocks[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.and Mining Sci.&Geomech.Abstr.,1978,15(3):89-97.
[12]Deere D U,Miller R P.Engineering classification and index properties for intact rock tech[R].Report No.AFWL-TR-65-116,Air Force Weapons Laboratory,Kirtland Air Force Base,New Mexico,1966.
[13]谭国焕,李启光,徐钺,等.香港岩石的硬度与点荷载指标和强度的关系[J].岩土力学,1999,20(2):52-56.(Tham L G,Lee K K,Tsui Y,et al.Hardness and point load indices,strength of Hong Kong rocks[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1999,20(2):52-56.(in Chinese))
[14]郭志.实用岩体力学[M].北京:地震出版社,1996.(Guo Zhi.Applied Rock Mechanics[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1966.(in Chinese))
[2]Okochi H,Kameda H,Hasegawa S,et al.Deterioration of concrete structures by acid deposition—an assessment of the role of rainwater on deterioration by laboratory and field exposure experiments using mortar specimens[J].Atmospheric Environment,2000,34(18):2937-2945.
[3]Uchida E,Ogawa Y,Maeda N,et al.Deterioration of stone materials in the Anger monuments[J].Engineering Geology,2000,55(1/2):101-112.
[4]Rivas T,Prieto B,Silva B.Influence of rift and bedding plane on the physico-mechanical properties of granitic rocks.implications for deterioration of granitic monuments[J].Building and Environment,2000,35(5):387-396.
[5]Wu S T,Mclane R A,Mclane J.Rock deterioration in the Royal Tomb of Setil,Valley of the kings,Luxor,Egypt[J].Engineering Geology,2000,58(2):163-190.
[6]Topal T,S?zmen B.Deterioration mechanics of tuffs in Midas monument[J].Engineering Geology,2003,68(3/4):201-223.
[7]谭卓英,刘文静,闭历平,等.岩石强度损伤及其环境效应试验模拟研究[J].中国矿业,2001,10(4):50-53.(Tan Zhuoying,Liu Wenjing,Bi Liping,et al.Experimental simulation of rock strength damage and its environmental effect[J].China Mining Magazine,2001,10(4):50-53.(in Chinese))
[8]Galloway J N.Acidification of the world:natural and anthropogenic[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2001,130(1/2/3/4):17-24.
[9]Gao S D,Sakamoto K.Studies on atmospheric pollution,acid rain and emission control for their precursors in Chongqing China[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2001,130(1/2/3/4):247-252.
[10]Chung Y S,Kim H S.Acidic precipitation and large-scale transport ofair pollutants observed in Korea[J],Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2001,130(1/2/3/4):367-372.
[11]Bamford W E,Van Duyse H,Xieble C,et al.Suggested methods for determining hardness and abrasiveness of rocks[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.and Mining Sci.&Geomech.Abstr.,1978,15(3):89-97.
[12]Deere D U,Miller R P.Engineering classification and index properties for intact rock tech[R].Report No.AFWL-TR-65-116,Air Force Weapons Laboratory,Kirtland Air Force Base,New Mexico,1966.
[13]谭国焕,李启光,徐钺,等.香港岩石的硬度与点荷载指标和强度的关系[J].岩土力学,1999,20(2):52-56.(Tham L G,Lee K K,Tsui Y,et al.Hardness and point load indices,strength of Hong Kong rocks[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1999,20(2):52-56.(in Chinese))
[14]郭志.实用岩体力学[M].北京:地震出版社,1996.(Guo Zhi.Applied Rock Mechanics[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1966.(in Chinese))
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心