采矿引起的倾倒滑移变形机理及其控制
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摘要
倾倒变形边坡一般具有反倾边坡结构,其变形的过程和机理比较复杂,涉及的变形岩体范围较大、危害严重。通过岩体位移监测资料的跟踪分析、并对抚顺西露天矿典型高边坡倾倒滑移变形体进行了数值模拟试验,分析探讨了采矿活动作用下的倾倒滑移体变形机理及其对地面变形的影响。分析结果表明,采矿引起的倾倒滑移变形问题是在特定的地质构造和采矿工程条件下产生的,边坡体反倾段岩层变形在整个边坡的变形中起主导作用,地表地基变形主要由断层南侧倾倒滑移体的变形所致,并针对实际问题提出了变形整治方案。
Slopes of toppling-displacement generally have the structures of reversed dip;and the deformation process and deformation mechanism are considerably complicated.The deformation range of rock mass involved is comparatively large,which will produce serious harm.Through tracing analysis of monitoring data for the rock mass displacements,numerical simulation tests for typical high slope of toppling-displacement are performed in Fushun West Opencast Coal Mine.The deformation mechanism of toppling-sliding mass and its effect on deformation of ground are analyzed and investigated under the effects of mining activities.Analytical results indicate that mining under the particular geological structure and mining engineering condition causes the problems of toppling deformation.Reversed section of slope deformation plays a key role in the deformation for the whole slope;and the surface foundation deformation is mainly caused by toppling-sliding mass,which is located in the south of faults;and renovation plan for practical problem is proposed.
Slopes of toppling-displacement generally have the structures of reversed dip;and the deformation process and deformation mechanism are considerably complicated.The deformation range of rock mass involved is comparatively large,which will produce serious harm.Through tracing analysis of monitoring data for the rock mass displacements,numerical simulation tests for typical high slope of toppling-displacement are performed in Fushun West Opencast Coal Mine.The deformation mechanism of toppling-sliding mass and its effect on deformation of ground are analyzed and investigated under the effects of mining activities.Analytical results indicate that mining under the particular geological structure and mining engineering condition causes the problems of toppling deformation.Reversed section of slope deformation plays a key role in the deformation for the whole slope;and the surface foundation deformation is mainly caused by toppling-sliding mass,which is located in the south of faults;and renovation plan for practical problem is proposed.
引文
[1]孙玉科.中国露天矿边坡稳定性分析[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1999.(Sun Yuke.Chinese Open Pit Mine Slope Stability Analysis[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[2]卢世宗.红旗岭露天矿边坡倾倒——滑移体的特征[A].见:中国典型滑坡[C].北京:科学出版社,1988.(Lu Shizong.The red flag range open pit mine slope toppling-displaced characteristic[A].In:The Chinese Typical Landslides[C].Beijing:Science Press,1988.(in Chinese))
[3]李国柱.布昭坝露天矿西帮边坡变形特征及失稳控制[J].露天采煤技术,2000,(2):11–13.(Li Guozhu.Deformation features and controlling of destabilization of western wall side-slope in Buzhaoba opencast[J].Opencast Coal Mining Technology,2000,(2):11–13.(in Chinese))
[4]马新民,霍起元.石油一厂厂区地基变形机理[J].露天采煤技术,1997,(4):2–6.(Ma Xinmin,Huo Qiyuan.The ground deformation mechanism of Fushun No.1 oil works[J].Opencast Coal Mining Technology,1997,(4):2–6.(in Chinese))
[5]徐嘉谟.抚顺西露天矿开挖引起环境工程地质问题的研究[A].见:典型人类工程活动与地质环境相互作用研究(二)[C].北京:地震出版社,1995.(Xu Jiamo.West Fushun the strip mine excavates causes the environment engineering geology question research[A].In:The Typical Human Project Activity and the Geological Environment Mutually Affects Studies(2)[C].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1995.(in Chinese))
[6]Goodman R E,Bray J W.Toppling of rock slopes[A].In:Proceedings of the Specialty Conference on Rock Engineering for Foundations and Slopes[C].Colorado:ASCE/Bouider,1976.
[7]Hock E,Bray J W.Rock Slope Engineering[M].London[:s.n.],1977.
[8]申力,刘晶辉,江智明.倾倒滑移变形体的基本特征及力学模型研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2000,27(2):20–22.(Shen Li,Liu Jinghui,Jiang Zhiming.Falls the slipping deformable body basic characteristic and mechanics model study[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2000,27(2):20–22.(in Chinese))
[9]陈祖煜,张建红,汪小刚.岩石边坡倾倒稳定分析的简化方法[J].岩土工程学报,1996,18(6):92–95.(Chen Zuyu,Zhang Jianhong,Wang Xiaogang.Extensions of the Goodman-Bray method for slope topping analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1996,18(6):92–95.(in Chinese))
[10]韩贝传,王思敬.边坡倾倒变形的形成机制与影响因素分析[J].工程地质学报,1999,7(3):213–217.(Han Beichuan,Wang Sijing.Mechanism for toppling deformation of slope and analysis of influencing factors on it[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,1999,7(3):213–217.(in Chinese))
[11]王泳嘉,邢纪波.离散单元法及其在岩土力学中的应用[M].沈阳:东北工学院出版社,1991.(Wang Yongjia,Xing Jibo.Discrete Element Method and Its Application to Rock and Soil Mechanics[M].Shenyang:Northeast University of Technology Press,1991.(in Chinese))
[2]卢世宗.红旗岭露天矿边坡倾倒——滑移体的特征[A].见:中国典型滑坡[C].北京:科学出版社,1988.(Lu Shizong.The red flag range open pit mine slope toppling-displaced characteristic[A].In:The Chinese Typical Landslides[C].Beijing:Science Press,1988.(in Chinese))
[3]李国柱.布昭坝露天矿西帮边坡变形特征及失稳控制[J].露天采煤技术,2000,(2):11–13.(Li Guozhu.Deformation features and controlling of destabilization of western wall side-slope in Buzhaoba opencast[J].Opencast Coal Mining Technology,2000,(2):11–13.(in Chinese))
[4]马新民,霍起元.石油一厂厂区地基变形机理[J].露天采煤技术,1997,(4):2–6.(Ma Xinmin,Huo Qiyuan.The ground deformation mechanism of Fushun No.1 oil works[J].Opencast Coal Mining Technology,1997,(4):2–6.(in Chinese))
[5]徐嘉谟.抚顺西露天矿开挖引起环境工程地质问题的研究[A].见:典型人类工程活动与地质环境相互作用研究(二)[C].北京:地震出版社,1995.(Xu Jiamo.West Fushun the strip mine excavates causes the environment engineering geology question research[A].In:The Typical Human Project Activity and the Geological Environment Mutually Affects Studies(2)[C].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1995.(in Chinese))
[6]Goodman R E,Bray J W.Toppling of rock slopes[A].In:Proceedings of the Specialty Conference on Rock Engineering for Foundations and Slopes[C].Colorado:ASCE/Bouider,1976.
[7]Hock E,Bray J W.Rock Slope Engineering[M].London[:s.n.],1977.
[8]申力,刘晶辉,江智明.倾倒滑移变形体的基本特征及力学模型研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2000,27(2):20–22.(Shen Li,Liu Jinghui,Jiang Zhiming.Falls the slipping deformable body basic characteristic and mechanics model study[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2000,27(2):20–22.(in Chinese))
[9]陈祖煜,张建红,汪小刚.岩石边坡倾倒稳定分析的简化方法[J].岩土工程学报,1996,18(6):92–95.(Chen Zuyu,Zhang Jianhong,Wang Xiaogang.Extensions of the Goodman-Bray method for slope topping analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1996,18(6):92–95.(in Chinese))
[10]韩贝传,王思敬.边坡倾倒变形的形成机制与影响因素分析[J].工程地质学报,1999,7(3):213–217.(Han Beichuan,Wang Sijing.Mechanism for toppling deformation of slope and analysis of influencing factors on it[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,1999,7(3):213–217.(in Chinese))
[11]王泳嘉,邢纪波.离散单元法及其在岩土力学中的应用[M].沈阳:东北工学院出版社,1991.(Wang Yongjia,Xing Jibo.Discrete Element Method and Its Application to Rock and Soil Mechanics[M].Shenyang:Northeast University of Technology Press,1991.(in Chinese))
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