基于CuZnAl形状记忆合金的框架结构抗震减振控制
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摘要
利用形状记忆合金的本构关系,分析了在自由应力状态下的残余应变与温度的关系。使用动态数据采集分析仪,测试了安装CuZnAl形状记忆合金耗能器的框架结构的减振性能;应用电子万能拉伸试验机测试了CuZnAl形状记忆合金的应力—应变滞回曲线,借助透射电子显微镜,分析了CuZnAl形状记忆合金在热机械循环过程中显微组织的变化;比较了不同热处理工艺对CuZnAl形状记忆合金热机械循环后的滞回曲线面积及减振性能的影响。结果表明:CuZnAl形状记忆合金用于框架结构具有较好的减振效果,可明显降低框架结构的振动频率,其中马氏体CuZnAl形状记忆合金耗能器具有较大的耗能能力,经室温水淬时效7h处理后减振效果最好。
The relationship between the residual strain and the temperature under free stress condition is analyzed by using constitutive relation of SMA. The damping performance of the frame with CuZnAl SMA dampers is tested by dynamic data collecting analysis meter. Then the stress—strain curve of CuZnAl SMA is measured by electronic universal testing machine. The change of microstructure during thermo-mechanical cycle is analyzed by transmission electron microscope. The effects of different heat-treatment processes on the area of hysteretic loop and the damping capability of CuZnAl SMA after thermo-mechanical cycles are studied. Experimental results show that CuZnAl SMA has good damping capability in frame structure and can obviously reduce the vibration frequency. CuZnAl SMA in martensitic state has better damping ability, and the damping effect of the alloy after being quenched into water and aged for 7h is the best.
The relationship between the residual strain and the temperature under free stress condition is analyzed by using constitutive relation of SMA. The damping performance of the frame with CuZnAl SMA dampers is tested by dynamic data collecting analysis meter. Then the stress—strain curve of CuZnAl SMA is measured by electronic universal testing machine. The change of microstructure during thermo-mechanical cycle is analyzed by transmission electron microscope. The effects of different heat-treatment processes on the area of hysteretic loop and the damping capability of CuZnAl SMA after thermo-mechanical cycles are studied. Experimental results show that CuZnAl SMA has good damping capability in frame structure and can obviously reduce the vibration frequency. CuZnAl SMA in martensitic state has better damping ability, and the damping effect of the alloy after being quenched into water and aged for 7h is the best.
引文
[1]王社良,马怀忠,沈亚鹏.形状记忆合金在结构抗震控制中的应用[J].西安建筑科技大学学报,1998,30(2):115118.WANG She-liang, MA Huai-zhong, SHEN Ya-peng.Applications of shape memory alloy in aseismic controlof structures[J]. J Xi an Univ of Arch & Tech,1998,30(2):115118.
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[9]司乃潮,孙克庆,赵国旗.不同相变温度CuZnAl形状记忆合金的框架结构振动控制试验研究[ J].铸造,2003,11:10581064.SI Nai-chao, SUN Ke-qing, ZHAO Guo-qi. Experi-mental study of frame structure vibration control byusing CuZnAl SMA of different phase transformationtemperature[J]. Foundry,2003,11:10581064.
[10]吴波,孙科学,李惠,等.热处理对形状记忆合金超弹性滞回性能的影响[J].振动工程学报,2000,13(3):449454.WU Bo, SUN Ke-xue, LI Hui, et al. Effect of heattreatment on superelastic hysteretic properties ofshape memory alloys[ J]. Journal of Vibration Engi-neering,2000,13(3):449454.
[11] Baz A. Comparsion of different thermomechanicalmodels for shape memory alloys[A]. Garcia E, Cud-ney H, Knowles G J. Adaptive Structures and Com-posite Materials: Analysis and Application[C]. NewYork: ASME,1994.919.
[12]张学仁,聂景旭,杜彦良. SMA智能复合构件控制裂纹的数值与试验研究[ J].航空动力学报,1998,13(4):357361.ZHANG Xue-ren, NIE Jing-xu, DU Yan-liang.Study on SMA intelligent structures for crack control[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power,1998,13(4):357361.
[13]邹静,钟伟芳.形状记忆合金的多维本构关系[J].固体力学学报,1999,2(20):171176.ZOU Jing, ZHONG Wei-fang. The multi-dimensionalconstitutive relations of shape memory alloys[J]. Ac-ta Mechanica Solida Sinica,1999,2(20):171176.
[14]司乃潮,刘海霞,祁隆飙.冷热机械循环对CuZnAl形状记忆合金性能的影响[J].应用科学学报,2003,21(1):107110.SI Nai-chao, LIU Hai-xia, QI Long-biao. Effects ofthermal cycles on the properties of CuZnAl shapememory alloys [ J ]. Journal of Applied Sciences,2003,21(1):107110.
[15] Tadakit T, Takamori M. Thermal cycling effect inCu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy with B2 and DO3 typeordered structure in parent phase [ J]. Trans JIM,1987,28(2):120128.
[16] Perkins J, Muesing W E .Martensitic transformationcycling effect in Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy [ J].Metall Trans,1983,14A:3339.
[17]谭树松,彭坤,曾欲晓,等. CuZnAl记忆元件的“台阶”效应[J].中国有色金属学报,2001,11(3):356361.TAN Shu-song, PENG Kun, ZENG Yu-xiao, et al.Plateau effect of CuZnAl memory elements [ J]. TheChinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2001,11(3):356361.
[2]吴波,孙科学,李惠,等.形状记忆合金力学性能的试验研究[ J].地震工程与工程振动,1999,19(2):104111.WU Bo, SUN Ke-xue, LI Hui, et al. Experimentalresearch on mechanical properties of shape memory al-loy[ J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vi-bration,1999,19(2):104111.
[3] Salichs J, Hou Z, Noori M. Vibration suppression ofstructures using passive shape memory alloy energydissipation devices[ J]. Journal of Intelligent MaterialSystems and Structures,2001(10):671680.
[4] SI Nai-chao. CuZnAl shape memory alloy refined withcomposite rare earths La + Ce [ J]. Journal of RareEarths,1999,17(4):275279.
[5]司乃潮,赵国旗,杨道清.复合稀土对CuZnAl形状记忆合金力学性能的影响[ J].中国有色金属学报,2003,13(2):393398.SI Nai-chao, ZHAO Guo-qi, YANG Dao-qing. Effectsof rare earth mixture on mechanical properties ofCuZnAl shape memory alloys[J]. The Chinese Journalof Nonferrous Metals,2003,13(2):393398.
[6]司乃潮. CuZnAl(RE)形状记忆合金马氏体稳定化的研究[J].材料研究学报,1999,5:558560.SI Nai-chao. Study on martensitic stabilization inCuZnAl(RE) shape memory alloys[ J]. Chinese Jour-nal of Materials Research,1999,5:558560.
[7]徐桂芳,司乃潮,李玉祥.不同组织状态的铜锌铝形状记忆合金滚动磨损性能[ J].中国有色金属学报,2004,14(5):825830.XU Gui-fang, SI Nai-chao, LI Yu-xiang. Rollingwearabilities of different structural state CuZnAl shapememory alloys[J]. The Chinese Journal of NonferrousMetals,2004,14(5):825830.
[8]李中付,华宏星,宋汉文.用时域峰值法计算频率和阻尼[J].振动与冲击,2001,20(3):2832.LI Zhong-fu, HUA Hong-xing, SONG Han-wen.Identification of frequencies and damping ratios withtime domain peak values[ J]. Journal of Vibration andShock,2001,20(3):2832.
[9]司乃潮,孙克庆,赵国旗.不同相变温度CuZnAl形状记忆合金的框架结构振动控制试验研究[ J].铸造,2003,11:10581064.SI Nai-chao, SUN Ke-qing, ZHAO Guo-qi. Experi-mental study of frame structure vibration control byusing CuZnAl SMA of different phase transformationtemperature[J]. Foundry,2003,11:10581064.
[10]吴波,孙科学,李惠,等.热处理对形状记忆合金超弹性滞回性能的影响[J].振动工程学报,2000,13(3):449454.WU Bo, SUN Ke-xue, LI Hui, et al. Effect of heattreatment on superelastic hysteretic properties ofshape memory alloys[ J]. Journal of Vibration Engi-neering,2000,13(3):449454.
[11] Baz A. Comparsion of different thermomechanicalmodels for shape memory alloys[A]. Garcia E, Cud-ney H, Knowles G J. Adaptive Structures and Com-posite Materials: Analysis and Application[C]. NewYork: ASME,1994.919.
[12]张学仁,聂景旭,杜彦良. SMA智能复合构件控制裂纹的数值与试验研究[ J].航空动力学报,1998,13(4):357361.ZHANG Xue-ren, NIE Jing-xu, DU Yan-liang.Study on SMA intelligent structures for crack control[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power,1998,13(4):357361.
[13]邹静,钟伟芳.形状记忆合金的多维本构关系[J].固体力学学报,1999,2(20):171176.ZOU Jing, ZHONG Wei-fang. The multi-dimensionalconstitutive relations of shape memory alloys[J]. Ac-ta Mechanica Solida Sinica,1999,2(20):171176.
[14]司乃潮,刘海霞,祁隆飙.冷热机械循环对CuZnAl形状记忆合金性能的影响[J].应用科学学报,2003,21(1):107110.SI Nai-chao, LIU Hai-xia, QI Long-biao. Effects ofthermal cycles on the properties of CuZnAl shapememory alloys [ J ]. Journal of Applied Sciences,2003,21(1):107110.
[15] Tadakit T, Takamori M. Thermal cycling effect inCu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy with B2 and DO3 typeordered structure in parent phase [ J]. Trans JIM,1987,28(2):120128.
[16] Perkins J, Muesing W E .Martensitic transformationcycling effect in Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy [ J].Metall Trans,1983,14A:3339.
[17]谭树松,彭坤,曾欲晓,等. CuZnAl记忆元件的“台阶”效应[J].中国有色金属学报,2001,11(3):356361.TAN Shu-song, PENG Kun, ZENG Yu-xiao, et al.Plateau effect of CuZnAl memory elements [ J]. TheChinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2001,11(3):356361.
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