河西走廊水资源与生态环境关系分析
|
摘要
河西走廊受地质构造、气候等条件影响，区内水资源形成与演化有特殊规律性，河流出山口进入走廊平原，地表水与地下水相互多次重复转化，流域水资源系统与生态环境存在着密切的关系。自20世纪50年代以来，由于大规模的水土开发和水利工程建设，导致区内水资源空间格局发生重大变化，由此引发了许多生态环境问题。重点分析研究了河西走廊河流—含水层系统的特征，探讨了水与生态环境的关系。在此基础上，提出了水资源合理开发利用和生态环境保护的对策与措施。
Located in the northwest Gansu Province, the Hexi Corridor is a typical arid zone. The oasis plain consisted of three main continental stream systems, i. e., the Shiyang River, Heihe River and Shule River, was not only the ancient passage to the Central Asia and Europe, currently is also an important economic region and commodity grain base in China. Utilization of water resources and agricultural production has been greatly developed in the corridor since 1949, and many old and new oases are constructed and enlarged. Currently, the total land area in the corridor is 2.75×10~5 km~2, which occupies 60.4% of the total land area in Gansu Province, the population is 4.622×10~6 and occupies 18.4% of the total population in the province, and the area of farmlands and uncultured lands occupies 21%, so the exploitation and utilization potential is great. However, the ecological environment is extremely vulnerable due to the little precipitation, violent evaporation and shortage of water resources, so the ecological environment is closely related to water supply. While exploiting and utilizing land and water resources and developing agricultural economy in the Hexi Corridor, the ecological environmental problems must be paid great attention to. In this paper, the features of the river-aquifer systems and the relations between water resources and ecological environment in the Hexi Corridor are researched. On which some measures are put forward for rationally utilizing water resources properly conserving ecological environment in the Hexi Corridor, they are to accurately estimate the carrying capacity of water resources in each river basin based on the industrial, agricultural and ecological water consumptions, maintain a suitable groundwater depth so as to conserve the ecology, control land desertification and achieve a virtuous cycle of the ecological environment, enhance the coordination of water consumption between the upper, middle and lower reaches, satisfy the water consumption for the ecology, conserve the natural vegetation and shelter-forests in farmlands, etc.
Located in the northwest Gansu Province, the Hexi Corridor is a typical arid zone. The oasis plain consisted of three main continental stream systems, i. e., the Shiyang River, Heihe River and Shule River, was not only the ancient passage to the Central Asia and Europe, currently is also an important economic region and commodity grain base in China. Utilization of water resources and agricultural production has been greatly developed in the corridor since 1949, and many old and new oases are constructed and enlarged. Currently, the total land area in the corridor is 2.75×10~5 km~2, which occupies 60.4% of the total land area in Gansu Province, the population is 4.622×10~6 and occupies 18.4% of the total population in the province, and the area of farmlands and uncultured lands occupies 21%, so the exploitation and utilization potential is great. However, the ecological environment is extremely vulnerable due to the little precipitation, violent evaporation and shortage of water resources, so the ecological environment is closely related to water supply. While exploiting and utilizing land and water resources and developing agricultural economy in the Hexi Corridor, the ecological environmental problems must be paid great attention to. In this paper, the features of the river-aquifer systems and the relations between water resources and ecological environment in the Hexi Corridor are researched. On which some measures are put forward for rationally utilizing water resources properly conserving ecological environment in the Hexi Corridor, they are to accurately estimate the carrying capacity of water resources in each river basin based on the industrial, agricultural and ecological water consumptions, maintain a suitable groundwater depth so as to conserve the ecology, control land desertification and achieve a virtuous cycle of the ecological environment, enhance the coordination of water consumption between the upper, middle and lower reaches, satisfy the water consumption for the ecology, conserve the natural vegetation and shelter-forests in farmlands, etc.
引文
① 甘肃地质调查院，长安大学，河西走廊地下水勘查报告，2002
② 赵成．玉门踏实盆地多目标交互式水资源优化配置模型研究．长安大学硕士学位论文，2002．
[1] Wei Wanjin. The Eco-environment protection and sustainable Development in River Valley of Hexi Inland River with Urbanization, Gansu[A]. Li Peicheng, Wang wenke, Pei Xianzhi, Papers of International Symposium on Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development in West China [C]. Bei Jing: China Environmental Science Press, 2004. 128-131. [魏万进．以城镇化扣越河西内陆河流域生态保护与可持续发展[A]．李佩成，王文科，裴先治．中国西部环境问题与可持续发展国际学术研讨会论文集[C]．北京：中国环境科学出版社，2004．128．131．]
[2] Chen Mengxiong, Ma Fengshan. Groundwater resources and the著 environment in China [M] . Bei Jing : Seismological Press , 2002, 192-193. [陈梦熊，马凤山著．中国地下水资源与环境[M]．北京：地震出版社，2002，192-193．]
[3] Wang Wenke. The Basic Problems of Sustainable Development and use of Water resources in Northwest Region[J]. Territorial Development and Management, 1998, 8(4): 1-5. [王文科．论西北水资源可持续开发与利用的基本问题[J]．国土开发与整治，1998，8(4)：1-5．]
[4] Wang Wenke, Kong Jinling, Duan Lei, et al. Research on the conversion relationships between the river and groundwater in the Yellow River drainage area[J]. Science in China (E), 2004, 34 ( Supplement I): 25-41. [王文科，孔金玲，段磊，等．黄河流域河水与地下水转化关系研究[J]．中国科学(E)，2004，34(增刊I)：25-41．]
[5] Chen Mengxiong. Variation of hydrologic system in respect to desert -ification in arid area of northwest China [J]. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, 2005, 27(1): 1-4. [陈梦熊．西北干旱区水文系统的演变与荒漠化[J]．地球科学与环境学报，2005，27(1)：1-4．]
[6] Cheng Guodong, Xiao Duning, Wang Genxu. On the characteristics and building of landscape ecology in arid area[A]. Xiao Duning, Wang Genxun, Wang Ranghui, Progress in landscape ecology research in arid land of china [C]. Xinjiang: Xinjiang People Press, 2003. 2-6. [程国栋，肖笃宁，王根绪．论干旱区景观生态特征与景观生态建设[A]．肖笃宁，王根绪，王让会．中国干旱区景观生态学研究进展[C]．新疆：新疆人民出版社，2003．2-6．]
[7] Wang Ranghui, Zhang Huizhi, Lu Xinmin. Analysis on spatial struc -ture characteristics in Xinjiang oases[A]. Xiao Duning, Wang Genxun, Wang Ranghui, Progress in landscape ecology research in arid land of china[C]. Xinjiang: Xinjiang People Press, 2003, 180-184. [王让会，张慧芝，卢新民．新疆绿洲空问结构特征分析[A]．肖笃宁，王根绪，王让会．中国干旱区景观生态学研究进展[C]．新疆：新疆人民出版社，2003．180-184．]
[8] Zhang Jishi, Kang Ersi, et al. Research on water resources and eco-environment safety in Heine River Basin [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2004, 24 (4): 425-430. [张济世，康尔泗，等．黑河流域水资源生态环境安全问题研究[J]．中国沙漠，2004，24(4)：425-430．]
[9] Wang Wenke, Wang Yanlin, Yang Zeyuan, et al. Discussion of exploration and utilization prospect of groundwater resourcesin windsand grass shoal area of north shaanxi province[J]. Ground Water, 2004，26(4)：52-54．[王文科，王雁林，杨泽元．陕北风沙滩地区地下水资源开发前景探讨[J]．地下水，2004，26(4)：52-54．]
[10] Wang Wenke, Luan Yuesheng, Yang Zeyuan, et al. Influence on water resource and eco-environment system of Geermu alluvial fan by great artificial projects [J]. Journal of Xi'an Engineering University, 2001, 23(2): 6-11. [王文科，栾约生，杨泽元等．人类重大工程对格尔木冲洪积扇水资源和生态环境系统的影响研究[J]．西安工程学院学报，2001，23(2)：6-11．]
[11] Liu Lei, Xia Jun, Feng Huali, et al. Driving Forces of the Aquatic Ecosystem Services Function-A Case of Sangonghe Watershed[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2005, 28 (3): 347-351. [刘蕾，夏军，丰华丽，等．水生态系统服务功能变化的驱动因子分析——以三工河流域为例[J]．干旱区地理，2005，28(3)：347-351．]
[12] Fu Aihong, Chen Yaning, Li Weihong, et al. Analysis on the changes of stems water potential of Populus Euphratica in different groundwater level in lower reaches of Tarim River in Xinjiang[J], Arid Land Geography, 2004, 27 (2): 207-211. [付爱红，陈亚宁，李卫红，等．新疆塔里木河下游不同地下水位的胡杨水势变化分析[J]．干旱区地理，2004，27(2)：207-211．]
[13] Qiu Fangdao, Wu Guanghe. A research on nature resources combination pattern between different areas and its development model in Gansu Province [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2003, 26 (4): 329-333．[仇方道，伍光和．甘肃省自然资源地域组合类型与开发模式研究[J]．干旱区地理，2003，26(4)：329-333．]
② 赵成．玉门踏实盆地多目标交互式水资源优化配置模型研究．长安大学硕士学位论文，2002．
[1] Wei Wanjin. The Eco-environment protection and sustainable Development in River Valley of Hexi Inland River with Urbanization, Gansu[A]. Li Peicheng, Wang wenke, Pei Xianzhi, Papers of International Symposium on Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development in West China [C]. Bei Jing: China Environmental Science Press, 2004. 128-131. [魏万进．以城镇化扣越河西内陆河流域生态保护与可持续发展[A]．李佩成，王文科，裴先治．中国西部环境问题与可持续发展国际学术研讨会论文集[C]．北京：中国环境科学出版社，2004．128．131．]
[2] Chen Mengxiong, Ma Fengshan. Groundwater resources and the著 environment in China [M] . Bei Jing : Seismological Press , 2002, 192-193. [陈梦熊，马凤山著．中国地下水资源与环境[M]．北京：地震出版社，2002，192-193．]
[3] Wang Wenke. The Basic Problems of Sustainable Development and use of Water resources in Northwest Region[J]. Territorial Development and Management, 1998, 8(4): 1-5. [王文科．论西北水资源可持续开发与利用的基本问题[J]．国土开发与整治，1998，8(4)：1-5．]
[4] Wang Wenke, Kong Jinling, Duan Lei, et al. Research on the conversion relationships between the river and groundwater in the Yellow River drainage area[J]. Science in China (E), 2004, 34 ( Supplement I): 25-41. [王文科，孔金玲，段磊，等．黄河流域河水与地下水转化关系研究[J]．中国科学(E)，2004，34(增刊I)：25-41．]
[5] Chen Mengxiong. Variation of hydrologic system in respect to desert -ification in arid area of northwest China [J]. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, 2005, 27(1): 1-4. [陈梦熊．西北干旱区水文系统的演变与荒漠化[J]．地球科学与环境学报，2005，27(1)：1-4．]
[6] Cheng Guodong, Xiao Duning, Wang Genxu. On the characteristics and building of landscape ecology in arid area[A]. Xiao Duning, Wang Genxun, Wang Ranghui, Progress in landscape ecology research in arid land of china [C]. Xinjiang: Xinjiang People Press, 2003. 2-6. [程国栋，肖笃宁，王根绪．论干旱区景观生态特征与景观生态建设[A]．肖笃宁，王根绪，王让会．中国干旱区景观生态学研究进展[C]．新疆：新疆人民出版社，2003．2-6．]
[7] Wang Ranghui, Zhang Huizhi, Lu Xinmin. Analysis on spatial struc -ture characteristics in Xinjiang oases[A]. Xiao Duning, Wang Genxun, Wang Ranghui, Progress in landscape ecology research in arid land of china[C]. Xinjiang: Xinjiang People Press, 2003, 180-184. [王让会，张慧芝，卢新民．新疆绿洲空问结构特征分析[A]．肖笃宁，王根绪，王让会．中国干旱区景观生态学研究进展[C]．新疆：新疆人民出版社，2003．180-184．]
[8] Zhang Jishi, Kang Ersi, et al. Research on water resources and eco-environment safety in Heine River Basin [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2004, 24 (4): 425-430. [张济世，康尔泗，等．黑河流域水资源生态环境安全问题研究[J]．中国沙漠，2004，24(4)：425-430．]
[9] Wang Wenke, Wang Yanlin, Yang Zeyuan, et al. Discussion of exploration and utilization prospect of groundwater resourcesin windsand grass shoal area of north shaanxi province[J]. Ground Water, 2004，26(4)：52-54．[王文科，王雁林，杨泽元．陕北风沙滩地区地下水资源开发前景探讨[J]．地下水，2004，26(4)：52-54．]
[10] Wang Wenke, Luan Yuesheng, Yang Zeyuan, et al. Influence on water resource and eco-environment system of Geermu alluvial fan by great artificial projects [J]. Journal of Xi'an Engineering University, 2001, 23(2): 6-11. [王文科，栾约生，杨泽元等．人类重大工程对格尔木冲洪积扇水资源和生态环境系统的影响研究[J]．西安工程学院学报，2001，23(2)：6-11．]
[11] Liu Lei, Xia Jun, Feng Huali, et al. Driving Forces of the Aquatic Ecosystem Services Function-A Case of Sangonghe Watershed[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2005, 28 (3): 347-351. [刘蕾，夏军，丰华丽，等．水生态系统服务功能变化的驱动因子分析——以三工河流域为例[J]．干旱区地理，2005，28(3)：347-351．]
[12] Fu Aihong, Chen Yaning, Li Weihong, et al. Analysis on the changes of stems water potential of Populus Euphratica in different groundwater level in lower reaches of Tarim River in Xinjiang[J], Arid Land Geography, 2004, 27 (2): 207-211. [付爱红，陈亚宁，李卫红，等．新疆塔里木河下游不同地下水位的胡杨水势变化分析[J]．干旱区地理，2004，27(2)：207-211．]
[13] Qiu Fangdao, Wu Guanghe. A research on nature resources combination pattern between different areas and its development model in Gansu Province [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2003, 26 (4): 329-333．[仇方道，伍光和．甘肃省自然资源地域组合类型与开发模式研究[J]．干旱区地理，2003，26(4)：329-333．]
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心