珠江河口磨刀门的整治与地貌演变
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摘要
从排洪通道、航运通道、排水通道的形成以及浅滩围垦等方面阐述磨刀门10 a综合整治的效果。口门延伸、 平原扩展及地貌类型、沉积构造及冲淤变化反映了近20多年来磨刀门从浅海湾演变为三角洲的过程。“磨刀门外 水下三角洲”未来的发展趋势受沉积基础、水动力条件、泥沙运动和沉积作用的影响。由于水动力从径流优势型转 变为径流-潮流优势型,沿岸流、风暴潮、波浪的作用增强,使得口外海域的滩槽向西南方向延伸。未来“磨刀门外 水下三角洲”治导线的布设应为南偏西,并保持大喇叭口态势。
About one- third of runoff and stream load from Zhujiang Delta is transported into the sea area through Modaomen river mouth. Therefore the administration of Modaomen is of a decisive position to ensure the flood discharge safety in Zhujiang Delta. A program of dredging Modaomen river mouth has been carried out essentially from 1984 to 1995 and acquired obvious effects for discharging flood,shipping,drainage and reclamation. During the recent 20 years, the Modaomen shallow estuary became"Modaomen delta"in which the area of plain accounts for 77%. The Modaomen river mouth is extending to sea area outside the estuary,and thus a "Modaomen submerged delta"is forming. The runoff dynamics is still dominant but the influence of hydrodynamics such as coastal current,storm tide and wave becomes stronger. Due to the changes of depositional basis, hydrodynamics condition,silt movement and sedimentation, the" Modaomen submerged delta"may transform from runoff-dominated type to runoff- tidal dominated type,and the extending tendency of the delta may be westward. The arrangement direction of dredging lines in future should be inclined to south -west and to preserve the situation like a large bell.
About one- third of runoff and stream load from Zhujiang Delta is transported into the sea area through Modaomen river mouth. Therefore the administration of Modaomen is of a decisive position to ensure the flood discharge safety in Zhujiang Delta. A program of dredging Modaomen river mouth has been carried out essentially from 1984 to 1995 and acquired obvious effects for discharging flood,shipping,drainage and reclamation. During the recent 20 years, the Modaomen shallow estuary became"Modaomen delta"in which the area of plain accounts for 77%. The Modaomen river mouth is extending to sea area outside the estuary,and thus a "Modaomen submerged delta"is forming. The runoff dynamics is still dominant but the influence of hydrodynamics such as coastal current,storm tide and wave becomes stronger. Due to the changes of depositional basis, hydrodynamics condition,silt movement and sedimentation, the" Modaomen submerged delta"may transform from runoff-dominated type to runoff- tidal dominated type,and the extending tendency of the delta may be westward. The arrangement direction of dredging lines in future should be inclined to south -west and to preserve the situation like a large bell.
引文
①水利部珠江水利委员会勘测设计研究院．磨刀门整治效果分析报告,2001．
②广东省水利电力厅勘测设计研究院．珠江河口整治近期防 洪实施可行性研究报告,2002．
[1]黄镇国,谢先德,范锦春,等．广东海平面变化及其影响与对策 [M]．广东科技出版社,2000．179-198．
[2]赵焕庭．珠江河口演变[M]．北京:海洋出版社,1990．318- 341．
[3]黄镇国,李平日,张仲英,等．珠江三角洲形成发育演变[M]．广 州:科普出版社,1982．188-206．245-271．
[4]赵焕庭,欧兴进,宗朝景．西江磨刀门河口动力地貌[J]．南海海 洋科学集刊,1982(3):4-21．
[5]刘岳峰,韩慕康,邬伦．珠江三角洲口门区近期演变与围垦远景 分析[J]．地理学报,1998,53(6):492-499．
[6]黄镇国,张伟强,陈俊鸿．珠江三角洲生物埋葬群与环境变迁 [J]．地理学报,1995,50(4):310-323．
[7]张虎男,郭钦华,陈伟光,等．西江断裂磨刀门段地质近期活动 性研究[J]．华南地震,1990,10(1):15-25．
[8]李春初．珠江磨刀门的河口动力与沉积[J]．热带地理,1983,3 (1):27-34．
[9]李春初,雷亚平,何为,等．珠江河口演变规律及治理利用问题[J]．泥沙研究,2000(3):44-51．
[10]王文介,黄金森,毛树珍,等．华南沿海和近海现代沉积[M]． 北京:科学出版社,1991．28-47．
[11]黄镇国,张伟强,蔡福祥．华南末次冰期盛期最低海面问题 [J]．地理学报,1995,50(5):385-393．
②广东省水利电力厅勘测设计研究院．珠江河口整治近期防 洪实施可行性研究报告,2002．
[1]黄镇国,谢先德,范锦春,等．广东海平面变化及其影响与对策 [M]．广东科技出版社,2000．179-198．
[2]赵焕庭．珠江河口演变[M]．北京:海洋出版社,1990．318- 341．
[3]黄镇国,李平日,张仲英,等．珠江三角洲形成发育演变[M]．广 州:科普出版社,1982．188-206．245-271．
[4]赵焕庭,欧兴进,宗朝景．西江磨刀门河口动力地貌[J]．南海海 洋科学集刊,1982(3):4-21．
[5]刘岳峰,韩慕康,邬伦．珠江三角洲口门区近期演变与围垦远景 分析[J]．地理学报,1998,53(6):492-499．
[6]黄镇国,张伟强,陈俊鸿．珠江三角洲生物埋葬群与环境变迁 [J]．地理学报,1995,50(4):310-323．
[7]张虎男,郭钦华,陈伟光,等．西江断裂磨刀门段地质近期活动 性研究[J]．华南地震,1990,10(1):15-25．
[8]李春初．珠江磨刀门的河口动力与沉积[J]．热带地理,1983,3 (1):27-34．
[9]李春初,雷亚平,何为,等．珠江河口演变规律及治理利用问题[J]．泥沙研究,2000(3):44-51．
[10]王文介,黄金森,毛树珍,等．华南沿海和近海现代沉积[M]． 北京:科学出版社,1991．28-47．
[11]黄镇国,张伟强,蔡福祥．华南末次冰期盛期最低海面问题 [J]．地理学报,1995,50(5):385-393．
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