煤田三维地震综合解释技术在复杂地质条件下的应用
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摘要
常规的煤田三维地震解释以时间域运动学信息为主,适用于地质条件不太复杂的情况。如果把这种方法应用于复杂的地下地质构造,则会因为信息量小降低解释的精度和可靠性。多信息、多学科相融合,即地震运动学和动力学相结合,地震与地质、测井多学科相结合,时间域和深度域相结合的综合解释技术是提高复杂地质条件解释精度的重要手段。地震属性技术、三维可视化技术、测井约束地震反演技术和基于空变速度场的时深转换技术是三维地震综合解释的关键技术。以淮南煤田为例,利用全三维可视化技术探测出煤层内的旋纽构造和新构造运动,利用地震属性中的运动学和动力学特征探测出煤系地层中的陷落柱,通过测井约束地震反演方法和基于空变速度场的时深转换技术实现煤系地层及煤层的空间预测,这些复杂地质构造的发现以及煤层的空间预测结果,对于重新评价煤田开采条件和储量具有重要意义。这项综合解释技术通过利用各种地质信息,有效地降低复杂地质条件下的勘探成本,因此,将成为今后解决煤田复杂构造和岩性勘探的主要手段。
General 3D coalfield seismic interpretation commonly uses kinematics information in time domain,and it is not suitable for complex geology condition. If it is applied to complex underground geological structure,the interpretation precision and reliability would be affected because of lack of information. It is an important measure to integrate more information and more subject to increase interpretation precision under complex geological condition. It means that seismic kinematics should combine with dynamics;seismic should combine with geology and well logging,and time domain should integrate with depth domain. The seismic attribute,3D visualization,log constrained seismic inversion,time-depth conversion based on space-varying velocity are the key techniques of 3D seismic integrated interpretation. Taking Huainan coalfield as a case,the torsional structure and neotectonic movement are discovered by 3D visualization technique;collapse column is detected by kinematics and dynamics feature of seismic attribute,and the space variety of coalseam and coal-bearing strata are predicted by logging constrained seismic inversion and space-varying velocity time-depth conversion. According to the discovery of the complex geological structure and the prediction result of coalseam,the coalfield mining condition and reserve can be reappraised. The integrated interpretation techniques use a lot of geological information,so the exploration cost can be reduced under the complex geological condition,and it will become the main technique to solve coalfield complex structure and lithology exploration.
General 3D coalfield seismic interpretation commonly uses kinematics information in time domain,and it is not suitable for complex geology condition. If it is applied to complex underground geological structure,the interpretation precision and reliability would be affected because of lack of information. It is an important measure to integrate more information and more subject to increase interpretation precision under complex geological condition. It means that seismic kinematics should combine with dynamics;seismic should combine with geology and well logging,and time domain should integrate with depth domain. The seismic attribute,3D visualization,log constrained seismic inversion,time-depth conversion based on space-varying velocity are the key techniques of 3D seismic integrated interpretation. Taking Huainan coalfield as a case,the torsional structure and neotectonic movement are discovered by 3D visualization technique;collapse column is detected by kinematics and dynamics feature of seismic attribute,and the space variety of coalseam and coal-bearing strata are predicted by logging constrained seismic inversion and space-varying velocity time-depth conversion. According to the discovery of the complex geological structure and the prediction result of coalseam,the coalfield mining condition and reserve can be reappraised. The integrated interpretation techniques use a lot of geological information,so the exploration cost can be reduced under the complex geological condition,and it will become the main technique to solve coalfield complex structure and lithology exploration.
引文
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[9]张保银,孙建国,黄伟传,等.塔中地区速度场建立及变速成图[J].石油物探,2004,43(6):608–611.(ZHANG Baoyin,SUN Jianguo,HUANG Weichuan,et al.The construction of the velocity field and the varying velocity mapping in Tazhong area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(6):608–611.(in Chinese))
[10]郭栋,韩文功.高分辨率地震资料综合解释技术及其应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(4):290–296.(GUO Dong,HAN Wengong.Comprehensive interpretation of high-resolution seismic data and application[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2004,27(4):290–296.(in Chinese))
[11]张进铎.地震解释技术现状及发展趋势[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):578–587.(ZHANG Jinduo.Present status and future trend of seismic data interpretation techniques[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(2):578–587.(in Chinese))
[12]鲍祥生,尹成,赵伟,等.储层预测的地震属性优选技术研究[J].石油物探,2006,45(1):28–33.(BAO Xiangsheng,YIN Cheng,ZHAO Wei,et al.Optimizing selection of seismic attributes in reservoir prediction[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(1):28–33.(in Chinese))
[13]黄云峰,杨占龙,郭精义,等.地震属性分析及其在岩性油气藏勘探中的应用[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(5):739–742.(HUANG Yunfeng,YANG Zhanlong,GUO Jingyi,et al.Seismic attribute analysis and application to subtle traps exploration[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(5):739–742.(in Chinese))
[14]曾忠,阎世信,魏修成,等.地震属性解释技术的研究及确定性分析[J].天然气工业,2006,26(3):41–43.(ZENG Zhong,YAN Shixin,WEI Xiucheng,et al.Study on seismic attribute interpretation technologies and deterministic analysis[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(3):41–43.(in Chinese))
[15]闵小刚.三维可视化技术在塔河油田的应用[J].中国石油勘探,2006,11(5):41–43,48.(MIN Xiaogang.Application of3D visualization technique to Tahe oilfield[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2006,11(5):41–43,48.(in Chinese))
[16]张爱印,邱兆泰,鲍五堂,等.三维可视化技术在地震资料解释中的研究与应用[J].中国煤田地质,2006,18(4):53–55,75.(ZHANG Aiyin,QIU Zhaotai,BAO Wutang,et al.Research and application of3D visualization technique in seismic data interpretation[J].Coal Geology of China,2006,18(4):53–55,75.(in Chinese))
[17]韩爱民,白玉华,孙家齐.断层透水性工程地质评价[J].南京建筑工程学院学报,2002,(1):21–25.(HAN Aimin,BAI Yuhua,SUN Jiaqi.Engineering geological evaluation for fault permeability[J].Journal of Nanjing Architectural and Civil Engineering Institute,2002,(1):21–25.(in Chinese))
[18]尹尚先,武强.煤层底板陷落柱突水模拟及机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2551–2556.(YIN Shangxian,WU Qiang.Simulation and mechanism analysis of water inrush from karstic collapse columns in coal floor[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(15):2551–2556.(in Chinese))
[19]刘登宪,李永军.淮南寒武纪岩溶陷落柱发育特征及导水性分析[J].中国煤田地质,2006,18(1):38–40,44.(LIU Dengxian,LI Yongjun.Morphological characters and hydrological geology characters of cambrian karstic collapse column in Kongji mining Area,Huainan[J].Coal Geology of China,2006,18(1):38–40,44.(in Chinese))
[20]李永军,彭苏萍.华北煤田岩溶陷落柱分类及其特征[J].煤田地质与勘探,2006,34(4):53–57.(LI Yongjun,PENG Suping.Classifications and characteristics of karst collapse columns in North China coalfields[J].Coal Geology and Exploration,2006,34(4):53–57.(in Chinese))
[2]武喜尊.煤矿采区三维地震勘探技术[J].物探与化探,2004,28(1):16–18.(WU Xizun.Three-dimensional seismic exploration technique used in the coal mine producing area[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2004,28(1):16–18.(in Chinese))
[3]杨双安,张胤彬,许鸿雁.煤田三维地震勘探技术的应用及发展前景[J].物探与化探,2004,28(6):500–503.(YANG Shuang′an,ZHANG Yinbin,XU Hongyan.The application and development trend of the three-dimensional seismic exploration technology in thecoalfield[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2004,28(6):500–503.(in Chinese))
[4]魏立花,郭精义,杨占龙,等.测井约束岩性反演关键技术分析[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(5):731–735.(WEI Lihua,GUO Jingyi,YANG Zhanlong,et al.Analysis of key techniques of log constrained lithological inversion[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(5):731–735.(in Chinese))
[5]张晓玲,钱运生.基于模型的测井约束反演方法及应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(5):343–346.(ZHANG Xiaoling,QIAN Yansheng.Model-based broad-band constrained inversion[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2004,27(5):343–346.(in Chinese))
[6]张超英,周小鹰,董宁.测井约束的地震反演在鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):909–917.(ZHANG Chaoying,ZHOU Xiaoying,DONG Ning.Seismic inversion constrained by wells in the Daniu gas-field in Eerduosi basin[J].Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(4):909–917.(in Chinese))
[7]王连山,董建海,彭毅斌,等.测井约束三维地震反演在琥珀营油田滚动勘探开发中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2003,25(2):157–163.(WANG Lianshan,DONG Jianhai,PENG Yibin,et al.Application of3D seismic inversion constrained by well logging in the progressive exploration and development of Hupoying oilfield[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2003,25(2):157–163.(in Chinese))
[8]赵镨,杨艳珍,艾劲松.煤炭三维地震勘探时深转换误差分析及对策[J].中国煤田地质,2006,18(4):49–52.(ZHAO Pu,YANG Yanzhen,AI Jingsong.Time-depth conversion error analysis and countermeasures in coalfield3D seismic prospecting[J].Coal Geology of China,2006,18(4):49–52.(in Chinese))
[9]张保银,孙建国,黄伟传,等.塔中地区速度场建立及变速成图[J].石油物探,2004,43(6):608–611.(ZHANG Baoyin,SUN Jianguo,HUANG Weichuan,et al.The construction of the velocity field and the varying velocity mapping in Tazhong area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(6):608–611.(in Chinese))
[10]郭栋,韩文功.高分辨率地震资料综合解释技术及其应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(4):290–296.(GUO Dong,HAN Wengong.Comprehensive interpretation of high-resolution seismic data and application[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2004,27(4):290–296.(in Chinese))
[11]张进铎.地震解释技术现状及发展趋势[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):578–587.(ZHANG Jinduo.Present status and future trend of seismic data interpretation techniques[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(2):578–587.(in Chinese))
[12]鲍祥生,尹成,赵伟,等.储层预测的地震属性优选技术研究[J].石油物探,2006,45(1):28–33.(BAO Xiangsheng,YIN Cheng,ZHAO Wei,et al.Optimizing selection of seismic attributes in reservoir prediction[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(1):28–33.(in Chinese))
[13]黄云峰,杨占龙,郭精义,等.地震属性分析及其在岩性油气藏勘探中的应用[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(5):739–742.(HUANG Yunfeng,YANG Zhanlong,GUO Jingyi,et al.Seismic attribute analysis and application to subtle traps exploration[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(5):739–742.(in Chinese))
[14]曾忠,阎世信,魏修成,等.地震属性解释技术的研究及确定性分析[J].天然气工业,2006,26(3):41–43.(ZENG Zhong,YAN Shixin,WEI Xiucheng,et al.Study on seismic attribute interpretation technologies and deterministic analysis[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(3):41–43.(in Chinese))
[15]闵小刚.三维可视化技术在塔河油田的应用[J].中国石油勘探,2006,11(5):41–43,48.(MIN Xiaogang.Application of3D visualization technique to Tahe oilfield[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2006,11(5):41–43,48.(in Chinese))
[16]张爱印,邱兆泰,鲍五堂,等.三维可视化技术在地震资料解释中的研究与应用[J].中国煤田地质,2006,18(4):53–55,75.(ZHANG Aiyin,QIU Zhaotai,BAO Wutang,et al.Research and application of3D visualization technique in seismic data interpretation[J].Coal Geology of China,2006,18(4):53–55,75.(in Chinese))
[17]韩爱民,白玉华,孙家齐.断层透水性工程地质评价[J].南京建筑工程学院学报,2002,(1):21–25.(HAN Aimin,BAI Yuhua,SUN Jiaqi.Engineering geological evaluation for fault permeability[J].Journal of Nanjing Architectural and Civil Engineering Institute,2002,(1):21–25.(in Chinese))
[18]尹尚先,武强.煤层底板陷落柱突水模拟及机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2551–2556.(YIN Shangxian,WU Qiang.Simulation and mechanism analysis of water inrush from karstic collapse columns in coal floor[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(15):2551–2556.(in Chinese))
[19]刘登宪,李永军.淮南寒武纪岩溶陷落柱发育特征及导水性分析[J].中国煤田地质,2006,18(1):38–40,44.(LIU Dengxian,LI Yongjun.Morphological characters and hydrological geology characters of cambrian karstic collapse column in Kongji mining Area,Huainan[J].Coal Geology of China,2006,18(1):38–40,44.(in Chinese))
[20]李永军,彭苏萍.华北煤田岩溶陷落柱分类及其特征[J].煤田地质与勘探,2006,34(4):53–57.(LI Yongjun,PENG Suping.Classifications and characteristics of karst collapse columns in North China coalfields[J].Coal Geology and Exploration,2006,34(4):53–57.(in Chinese))
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