饱和砂土动力液化研究进展
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摘要
饱和砂土在动载 (如地震荷载、爆炸荷载、振动荷载等 )作用下液化问题是防灾减灾领域中重要的研究内容。结合目前国内外饱和砂土在动荷载作用下研究的最新进展 ,着重对在动荷载作用下饱和砂土液化问题的理论模型研究、试验验证研究和数值模拟分析研究作了较详细的评述 ,并对今后液化研究提出了建议
The problem of liquefaction for sand soil under dynamic loading (such as earthquake loading, explosive loading, vibratory loading, etc.) is the important research content in the domain of calamity prevention and reduction. A detailed review on the investigation of theory model, test verification and numerical simulation of saturated sand soil under dynamic loading is presented, and some adivice is given on the investigation of liquefaction in the future.
The problem of liquefaction for sand soil under dynamic loading (such as earthquake loading, explosive loading, vibratory loading, etc.) is the important research content in the domain of calamity prevention and reduction. A detailed review on the investigation of theory model, test verification and numerical simulation of saturated sand soil under dynamic loading is presented, and some adivice is given on the investigation of liquefaction in the future.
引文
[1] Com mittee onEarthquakeEngineering.Com missionon engineering and techincal system s,national re-search council,liquefaction of soil during earthquakes[R].NationalAcademyPress,Washington,1985.
[2] 汪闻昭.中国水利工程震害资料汇编(1961～1985)[M].北京:中国科学院、水利电力部水利水电科学研究院抗震防护研究所,1990.
[3] BATHAIH M H.Blasting to settle swamp fills ap-proaches rational practice[M].L ondon:EngineeringNewsRecord,1932.
[4] PAU L I A.Gilbert,case histories of liquefaction fail-ure[R].ADA025378,1967.
[5] BRETZ T E.Soil liquefaction resulting from blast- in-duced spherical stress[R ].ADA 218981,WeaponsL aboratoryAirForceSysterm sCom mandKirtlandAirForceBase,NM 87117-6008.
[6] 陈宗基.对我国土力学、岩石力学中若干重要问题的看法[A ].中国土木工程学会第一届土力学及基础工程学术会议论文选集[C].北京:中国工业出版社,1964.
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[9] SEED H B.Soil liquefaction and cyclic m obility evalu-ation for level ground during earthquakes[J].Jof theGeotechEngDiv,ASCE,1979,105(GT2):201-255.
[10]SEED H B,IDRISS I M,ARANGO I.Evaluation ofliquefaction potential using field performance data[J].J of theGeotechEngDiv,ASCE,1983,109(3):458-482.
[11]SEED H B,TOKIMATSU K ,HARDER L F.Theinfluence ofSPT procedure in soil liquefaction resis-tance evaluation[R].ReportNo.EERC 75-28,EarthquakeEngineeringResearchCenter,U niversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,1984.
[12]SEED H B,IDRISS I M.Simplified procedure for e-valuation soil liquefaction potential[J].JofSoilMe-chanics andFoundationDivision,ASCE,1971,97(SM9):1249-1273.
[13]MICHAEL H B,PETER M B.A sim ulation of uppersan fernando dam using a synthesized approach[C].Proceeding of theSymposium onSlopeStabilityAnal-ysis,Vancouver,1999.
[14]SEED H B,L EE K L ,IDRISS I M.Dynamic analysisof slide in the lower san fernando dam during theearthquake of feb[J].J GE DivASCE,1971,101(GT9):889-911.
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[24]BEATY M,BYRNE P M.An effective stress m odelfor predicting liquefaction behavior of sand[J].GeotechnicalEarthquakeEngineering andSoilDynam-ics,ASCE,1998(1):766-777.
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[29]YOUD T L.Densification and shear of sand during vi-bration[J].ProcASCE,1970,96(SM3):115-134.
[30]NEMAT-NASSER S,SHOKOOH A.A unified ap-proach to densification and liquefaction of cohesionlesssand in cyclic shearing[J].CanadianGeotechnicalJournal,1969,16:489-512.
[31]CHARL IE W A,SHINN J,BL OUIN S.Blast in-duced soil liquefaction phenom ena and evaluation[C].InternationalSym p.OnSoils underCyclic andTran-sientL oading,Swansea,1980.
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[34]CHARL IE W A,JACOBS P J,DOEHRING D O.Blast- induced liquefaction of an alluvial sand deposit[J].Journal ofGeotechnicalTesting,GTJODJ,1992,15(1):14-23.
[35]SADHU R J.TARA-2,twodimensional non- linerstatic and dynam ic response analysis[C].SoilDynam-icsGroup,U niversity ofBritishColumbia,Vancou-ver,Canada,1969.
[36]L YSMER J A.Com puter program for com plex re-sponse analysis of soil- strucure system s[R].ReporttoNo.EERC74-4,EarthquakeEngineeringResearchCenter,U niversity ofCalifornia,Berkeley,Californi-a,1974.
[37]FINN W D L,BHATIA S K.Verification of non- linereffective stress model in sim ple shear[C].Proceed-ings,ASCE FallMeeting,Hollywood- by- theSeaFlo- rida,1980.
[38]ISHIHARA K.Pore water pressure rises duringearthquake[C].Proceedings of theInternationalCon-ference onRecentAdvances inGeotecgnicalEarth-quakeEngineering andSoilDynamics,1981.
[39]FINN W D L.L iquefaction potential:developmentssince1976[C].ProcInternationalConference onRe-centAdvance inGeotechnicalEarthquakeEng andSoilDynamics,StL ouis,Missouri,1981.
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[41]汪闻昭.饱和砂土振动孔隙水压力试验研究[J].水利学报,1962(2):224-235.
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[44]张克绪.饱和非粘性土坝坡稳定分析[J].岩土工程学报,1980,2(3):34-40.
[45]张克绪.饱和砂土的液化应力条件[J].地震工程与工程振动,1984,4(1):23-28.
[46]何广讷.砂土振动孔隙水压力的研究[J].水利学报,1987(3):58-63.
[47]何广讷,李万明.振动能量下砂土的体变与孔隙水压力[J].地震工程与工程振动,1987,6(2):85-91.
[48]赵 冬.地震期间饱和砂土孔压增长规律估测方法和先期振动影响[C].全国第2届土动力学会议论文汇编,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1986.
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[50]谢定义,张建民.往返荷载下饱和砂土强度变形瞬态变化的机理[J].土木工程学报,1987(8):387-391.
[51]谢定义,张建民.周期荷载下饱和砂土强度变形瞬态孔隙水压力的变化机理与计算模型[J].土木工程学报,1990(5):564-572.
[52]谢定义,张建民.饱和砂土瞬态动力学特性与机理分析[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1995.
[53]王明洋,钱七虎.爆炸波作用下准饱和土的动力模型研究[J].岩土工程学报,1995,17(6):103-110.
[54]赵跃堂,钱七虎,王明洋.爆炸荷载作用下三相饱和土中气体运动的几个因素分析[J].爆炸与冲击,1998,18(2):131-137.
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[57]王明洋.爆炸波在递增硬化介质中的传播近似模型及分析解[J].爆炸与冲击,1997,17(4):353-358.
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[2] 汪闻昭.中国水利工程震害资料汇编(1961～1985)[M].北京:中国科学院、水利电力部水利水电科学研究院抗震防护研究所,1990.
[3] BATHAIH M H.Blasting to settle swamp fills ap-proaches rational practice[M].L ondon:EngineeringNewsRecord,1932.
[4] PAU L I A.Gilbert,case histories of liquefaction fail-ure[R].ADA025378,1967.
[5] BRETZ T E.Soil liquefaction resulting from blast- in-duced spherical stress[R ].ADA 218981,WeaponsL aboratoryAirForceSysterm sCom mandKirtlandAirForceBase,NM 87117-6008.
[6] 陈宗基.对我国土力学、岩石力学中若干重要问题的看法[A ].中国土木工程学会第一届土力学及基础工程学术会议论文选集[C].北京:中国工业出版社,1964.
[7] SEED H B,ARANGO I.CHAN C K.Evaluation ofsoil liquefaction potential during earthquake[R].ReportNo.EERC75-28,EarthquakeEngineeringRe-searchCenter,U niversity ofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,1975.
[8] SEED H B.The comm ittee on soil dynamic of geotech-nical engineering divisionASCE definition of term s re-lated to liquefaction[J].ProcASCE J GED,1979,104(Gt9):1197-1200.
[9] SEED H B.Soil liquefaction and cyclic m obility evalu-ation for level ground during earthquakes[J].Jof theGeotechEngDiv,ASCE,1979,105(GT2):201-255.
[10]SEED H B,IDRISS I M,ARANGO I.Evaluation ofliquefaction potential using field performance data[J].J of theGeotechEngDiv,ASCE,1983,109(3):458-482.
[11]SEED H B,TOKIMATSU K ,HARDER L F.Theinfluence ofSPT procedure in soil liquefaction resis-tance evaluation[R].ReportNo.EERC 75-28,EarthquakeEngineeringResearchCenter,U niversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,1984.
[12]SEED H B,IDRISS I M.Simplified procedure for e-valuation soil liquefaction potential[J].JofSoilMe-chanics andFoundationDivision,ASCE,1971,97(SM9):1249-1273.
[13]MICHAEL H B,PETER M B.A sim ulation of uppersan fernando dam using a synthesized approach[C].Proceeding of theSymposium onSlopeStabilityAnal-ysis,Vancouver,1999.
[14]SEED H B,L EE K L ,IDRISS I M.Dynamic analysisof slide in the lower san fernando dam during theearthquake of feb[J].J GE DivASCE,1971,101(GT9):889-911.
[15]MEJIA L H,SEED H B,L YSMER J.Dynamic analy-sis of earth dam s in three dim ensions[J].J GeotechEngDivASCE,1982,108(GT12):1354-1376.
[16]MEJIA L H,SEED H B.Three dim ensional dynamicresponse analysis of earth dam s[R],ReportEERC-85-15,1987.
[17]BEATY M,BYRNE P M.A simulation of the uppersan fernando dam using a synthesized approach[C].Proceedings of theSecondInternationalConference onEarthquakeGeotechnicalEngineering,Balkem a,1990.
[18]FINN W D L .地震反应和砂土液化[A ].地基与基础译文集(1)砂土液化[C].中国建筑工业出版社,1979.65-74.
[19]MARTIN G B,FINN W D L ,SEED H B.Fundam en-tals of liquefaction under cyclic loading[J].JGED,ASCE,1975,101(GT5):423-438.
[20]L O K Y.The pore pressure stran relationship of nor-mally consolidation undisturbed clays[J].Part1,The-oreticalConsolidations,CanadianGeotechnicalJour-nal,1969,6:363-389.
[21]DOBRY R.Prediction of pore water pressure bulidupand liquefaction of sand during earthquakes by thecyclicStrainMethod[C].NBS buildingScienceSeries138,U S Departm ent ofComm erceNationalBureauofStandards,1982.
[22]FINN W D L,BHATIA S K.Verification of non- linereffective stress m odel in simple shear[C].Proceed-ings,ASCE FallMeeting,Hollywood- by- theSeaFlo- rida,1980.
[23]ISHIHARA.U ndrained deform ation and liquefactionof sand under cyclic stress[J].Soil andFoundation,1975,15(1):317-345.
[24]BEATY M,BYRNE P M.An effective stress m odelfor predicting liquefaction behavior of sand[J].GeotechnicalEarthquakeEngineering andSoilDynam-ics,ASCE,1998(1):766-777.
[25]TAYL OR D W.Fundam entals of soil m echanics[M].L ondon:JohnWiley andSons,1948.
[26]RICHART F E Jr,HAL L JR.WOODS R D.Vibera-tions of soils and fundations[M].NewJersey:Pren-tice-Hall,EnglewoodCliffs,1970.
[27]DU NCAN JM,CHANG C Y.Nonlinear analysis ofstress and strain in soils[J].Journal of the soil me-chanics and foundationsDivision,ASCE,1970,96(SM5):1629-1653.
[28]HOWIE J,GOHL B.U se of controlled detonations ofexplosives for earthquake motion simulation and insitu liquefaction evaluation[R ].Densification andShear ofSand duringVibration,ProcASCE.1970,96(SM3).
[29]YOUD T L.Densification and shear of sand during vi-bration[J].ProcASCE,1970,96(SM3):115-134.
[30]NEMAT-NASSER S,SHOKOOH A.A unified ap-proach to densification and liquefaction of cohesionlesssand in cyclic shearing[J].CanadianGeotechnicalJournal,1969,16:489-512.
[31]CHARL IE W A,SHINN J,BL OUIN S.Blast in-duced soil liquefaction phenom ena and evaluation[C].InternationalSym p.OnSoils underCyclic andTran-sientL oading,Swansea,1980.
[32]CHARL IE W A,VEYERA G.DOEHRING D.Blastinduced liquefaction potential and transient porewaterpressure response of saturated sands[R].Washing-tion:FinalReport toAirForceOffice ofScientificRe-search,GrancNo.AFOSR-30-0260,BellingAirForceBased,1985
[33]CHARL IE W A,VEYERA G.Explosive inducedporewater pressure increase[C].Proceedings of the11thInternationalConference onSoilMechanics andFoundationEngineering,1985.
[34]CHARL IE W A,JACOBS P J,DOEHRING D O.Blast- induced liquefaction of an alluvial sand deposit[J].Journal ofGeotechnicalTesting,GTJODJ,1992,15(1):14-23.
[35]SADHU R J.TARA-2,twodimensional non- linerstatic and dynam ic response analysis[C].SoilDynam-icsGroup,U niversity ofBritishColumbia,Vancou-ver,Canada,1969.
[36]L YSMER J A.Com puter program for com plex re-sponse analysis of soil- strucure system s[R].ReporttoNo.EERC74-4,EarthquakeEngineeringResearchCenter,U niversity ofCalifornia,Berkeley,Californi-a,1974.
[37]FINN W D L,BHATIA S K.Verification of non- linereffective stress model in sim ple shear[C].Proceed-ings,ASCE FallMeeting,Hollywood- by- theSeaFlo- rida,1980.
[38]ISHIHARA K.Pore water pressure rises duringearthquake[C].Proceedings of theInternationalCon-ference onRecentAdvances inGeotecgnicalEarth-quakeEngineering andSoilDynamics,1981.
[39]FINN W D L.L iquefaction potential:developmentssince1976[C].ProcInternationalConference onRe-centAdvance inGeotechnicalEarthquakeEng andSoilDynamics,StL ouis,Missouri,1981.
[40]HUANG W X.Investigation on stability of saturatedsand foundations and slopes against liquefaction[C].Proc5 thICSMFE,Paris,1961.
[41]汪闻昭.饱和砂土振动孔隙水压力试验研究[J].水利学报,1962(2):224-235.
[42]汪闻昭.饱和砂土振动孔隙水压力产生、扩散和消散[C].第一届土力学及基础工程学术会议论文选集,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1964.
[43]汪闻昭.土的动力强度和液化特征[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1996.
[44]张克绪.饱和非粘性土坝坡稳定分析[J].岩土工程学报,1980,2(3):34-40.
[45]张克绪.饱和砂土的液化应力条件[J].地震工程与工程振动,1984,4(1):23-28.
[46]何广讷.砂土振动孔隙水压力的研究[J].水利学报,1987(3):58-63.
[47]何广讷,李万明.振动能量下砂土的体变与孔隙水压力[J].地震工程与工程振动,1987,6(2):85-91.
[48]赵 冬.地震期间饱和砂土孔压增长规律估测方法和先期振动影响[C].全国第2届土动力学会议论文汇编,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1986.
[49]王建国,范镜泓.循环荷载作用下饱和土孔隙水压力特性模型研究[C].上海:第三届全国土动力学学术会议论文集,上海:同济大学出版社,1990.
[50]谢定义,张建民.往返荷载下饱和砂土强度变形瞬态变化的机理[J].土木工程学报,1987(8):387-391.
[51]谢定义,张建民.周期荷载下饱和砂土强度变形瞬态孔隙水压力的变化机理与计算模型[J].土木工程学报,1990(5):564-572.
[52]谢定义,张建民.饱和砂土瞬态动力学特性与机理分析[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1995.
[53]王明洋,钱七虎.爆炸波作用下准饱和土的动力模型研究[J].岩土工程学报,1995,17(6):103-110.
[54]赵跃堂,钱七虎,王明洋.爆炸荷载作用下三相饱和土中气体运动的几个因素分析[J].爆炸与冲击,1998,18(2):131-137.
[55]赵跃堂,钱七虎,王明洋.爆炸波作用下三相饱和土本构模型研究[J].爆炸与冲击,1998,18(1):28-34.
[56]王明洋,杨林德,钱七虎.爆炸波在饱和土中与障碍物相互作用解析法[J].同济大学学报,1997,25(2):7-12.
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