模拟高拱坝施工期横缝工作性态的接触-接缝复合单元
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摘要
考虑施工期高拱坝横缝的真实工作性态以及影响横缝开合度的各种因素,提出一种新的非线性接触-接缝复合单元,该单元可以模拟横缝在灌浆过程中的变形和受力状态上的转化规律,并导出横缝灌浆时刻复合单元的具体转化格式,详细介绍接触-接缝复合单元的数值实施步骤,编制数值程序。小湾高拱坝横缝开合度的数值仿真模拟计算结果表明了该复合单元的可行性和实用性。
A new contact-joint multiple element is presented to simulate transverse joints of high arch dam,which may simulate the transforming process of deformation and stress state of transverse joints during joint grouting construction.The mechanical character of transverse joint of arch dam can be simulated by a kind of contact element with function of separating and closing before grouting,and the one by joint element with certain thickness.During the real construction,the grouting will change the structure shape of transverse joint,but mechanical state will complete arch dam after grouting.So the transforming process of deformation and stress state of transverse joints need to be simulated truly,and the new contact-joint multiple element presented in this paper can solve this problem.The detailed transforming method and equation are derived for contact-joint multiple element.Numerical implementation process is described and finite element procedure of contact-joint multiple element is developed.The simulation results of developing process of transverse joints of Xiaowan high arch dam show that the transverse joints will be shrank to be above 0.5 mm for concrete temperature decreases resulted from water cooling of dam before grouting,except that the gaps of a few grouting zones are less than 0.5 mm which can′t meet the requirement of common grouting.But the gap of those grouting zones may be larger than 0.5 mm by means of concrete supercooling about 2 ℃–3 ℃.In summary,the variety and transforming process of transverse joint of arch dam simulated by the contact-joint multiple element may reflect real constructing process,and the computing values of gap are also reasonable.The new contact-joint multiple element used in the analysis of high arch damtransverse joint gap is feasible and practicable.
A new contact-joint multiple element is presented to simulate transverse joints of high arch dam,which may simulate the transforming process of deformation and stress state of transverse joints during joint grouting construction.The mechanical character of transverse joint of arch dam can be simulated by a kind of contact element with function of separating and closing before grouting,and the one by joint element with certain thickness.During the real construction,the grouting will change the structure shape of transverse joint,but mechanical state will complete arch dam after grouting.So the transforming process of deformation and stress state of transverse joints need to be simulated truly,and the new contact-joint multiple element presented in this paper can solve this problem.The detailed transforming method and equation are derived for contact-joint multiple element.Numerical implementation process is described and finite element procedure of contact-joint multiple element is developed.The simulation results of developing process of transverse joints of Xiaowan high arch dam show that the transverse joints will be shrank to be above 0.5 mm for concrete temperature decreases resulted from water cooling of dam before grouting,except that the gaps of a few grouting zones are less than 0.5 mm which can′t meet the requirement of common grouting.But the gap of those grouting zones may be larger than 0.5 mm by means of concrete supercooling about 2 ℃–3 ℃.In summary,the variety and transforming process of transverse joint of arch dam simulated by the contact-joint multiple element may reflect real constructing process,and the computing values of gap are also reasonable.The new contact-joint multiple element used in the analysis of high arch damtransverse joint gap is feasible and practicable.
引文
[1]朱伯芳.多层混凝土结构仿真应力分析的并层算法[J].水力发电学报,1994,13(3):11-20.(Zhu Bofang.Mixed-layer method for analysis of stresses by simulating the construction process of multilayered high concrete structures[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,1994,13(3):11-20.(in Chinese)
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[3]朱伯芳.不稳定温度场数值分析的时间域分区异步长解法[J].水利学报,1995,(8):21-29.(Zhu Bofang.A method using different time increments in different regions for solving unsteady temperature field by numerical method[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1995,(8):21-29.(in Chinese))
[4]王建江.RCCD温度应力分析的非均质单元方法[J].力学与实践,1995,(3):33-36.(Wang Jianjiang.Non-isotropic element method of RCCD thermal stress analysis[J].Mechanics in Engineering,1995,(3):33-36.(in Chinese))
[5]朱伯芳,许平.混凝土高坝全过程仿真分析[J].水利水电技术,2002,(12):11-14.(Zhu Bofang,Xu Ping.Simulation analysis of the whole process for concrete high dam[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2002,(12):11-14.(in Chinese))
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[7]韩晓凤,张仲卿.高碾压混凝土拱坝横缝开度对拱坝安全的影响[J].红水河,2002,(1):16-18.(Han Xiaofeng,Zhang Zhongqing.Effect of transverse joints aperture on high RCC arch dam safety[J].Hongshui River,2002,(1):16-18.(in Chinese))
[8]李建新,王光纶,金峰.横缝结合质量对拱坝结构受力的影响[J].水力发电,2001,(10):45-50.(Li Jianxin,Wang Guanglun,Jin Feng.Study on the effect of the binding quality of transverse joints on the structure of arch dam[J].Water Power,2001,(10):45-50.(in Chinese))
[9]朱伯芳.有限厚度带键槽接缝单元及接缝对混凝土坝应力的影响[J].水利学报,2001,(2):1-7.(Zhu Bofang.Joint element with keys and the influence of,joint on stresses in concrete dams[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2001,(2):1-7.(in Chinese))
[10]徐艳杰,张楚汉,王光纶,等.小湾拱坝模拟实际横缝间距的非线性地震反应分析[J].水利学报,2001(,4):68-74.(Xu Yanjie,Zhang Chuhan,Wang Guanglun,et al.Nonlinear seismic response analysis of arch dam with contraction joints[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2001,(4):68-74.(in Chinese))
[11]Peric D,Owen D R J.Computational model for 3D contact problems with friction based on the penalty method[J].International Journal for Numercial Method in Engineering,1992,35:1 289-1 309.
[12]Cescotto S,Charilier R.Frictional contact finite elements based on mixed variational principles[J].International Journal for Numercial Method in Engineering,1992,35:1 681-1 701.
[13]Simo J C,Laursen T A.An augmented lagranian treatment of contact problems involving friction[J].Computers and Structures,1992,42(1):97-116.
[14]Laursen T A,Simo J C.Algorithmic symmetrization of coulomb frictional problems using augmented Lagrangians[J].Computers Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,1993,108(1/2):133-146.
[15]Zhou W,Chang,X L,Lu S Y.Safety stability research of Danjiangkou gravity dam heightened on post-period[J].Process in Safety Science and Technology(Part A),2002,3:299-304
[16]Chang X L,Zhou W.A contact model on basis of the augmented lagrange method and engineering application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(9):1 568-1 572.
[17]周伟,常晓林,黎满林,等.丹江口重力坝二期加高非线性有限元接触分析[J].水电能源科学,2003(,3):55-58.(Zhou Wei,Chang Xiaolin,Li Manlin,et al.A nonlinear finit element contact research on Danjiangkou gravity dam heightened during post-period[J].Water Resources and Power,2003,(3):55-58.(in Chinese))
[18]周伟.高混凝土面板堆石坝流变本构模型理论及其应用[博士学位论文][D].武汉:武汉大学,2004.(Zhou Wei.Theory and application of creep constitutive model on high concrete face rockfill dam[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2004.(in Chinese))
[2]朱伯芳,许平.混凝土坝仿真计算的并层算法和分区异步长算法[J].水力发电,1996,(1):38-45.(Zhu Bofang,Xu Ping.Zone-merged algorithm and zoned different-step-length algorithm in the concrete simulation calculation[J].Water Power,1996,(1):38-45.(in Chinese))
[3]朱伯芳.不稳定温度场数值分析的时间域分区异步长解法[J].水利学报,1995,(8):21-29.(Zhu Bofang.A method using different time increments in different regions for solving unsteady temperature field by numerical method[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1995,(8):21-29.(in Chinese))
[4]王建江.RCCD温度应力分析的非均质单元方法[J].力学与实践,1995,(3):33-36.(Wang Jianjiang.Non-isotropic element method of RCCD thermal stress analysis[J].Mechanics in Engineering,1995,(3):33-36.(in Chinese))
[5]朱伯芳,许平.混凝土高坝全过程仿真分析[J].水利水电技术,2002,(12):11-14.(Zhu Bofang,Xu Ping.Simulation analysis of the whole process for concrete high dam[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2002,(12):11-14.(in Chinese))
[6]侯朝胜,赵代深,李梅杉.混凝土拱坝横缝开度三维仿真计算研究[J].水利水电技术,2000,(8):41-43.(Hou Chaosheng,Zhao Daishen,Li Meishan.Three-dimensional emulation computation study of transverse joint aperture of concrete arch dam[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2000,(8):41-43.(in Chinese))
[7]韩晓凤,张仲卿.高碾压混凝土拱坝横缝开度对拱坝安全的影响[J].红水河,2002,(1):16-18.(Han Xiaofeng,Zhang Zhongqing.Effect of transverse joints aperture on high RCC arch dam safety[J].Hongshui River,2002,(1):16-18.(in Chinese))
[8]李建新,王光纶,金峰.横缝结合质量对拱坝结构受力的影响[J].水力发电,2001,(10):45-50.(Li Jianxin,Wang Guanglun,Jin Feng.Study on the effect of the binding quality of transverse joints on the structure of arch dam[J].Water Power,2001,(10):45-50.(in Chinese))
[9]朱伯芳.有限厚度带键槽接缝单元及接缝对混凝土坝应力的影响[J].水利学报,2001,(2):1-7.(Zhu Bofang.Joint element with keys and the influence of,joint on stresses in concrete dams[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2001,(2):1-7.(in Chinese))
[10]徐艳杰,张楚汉,王光纶,等.小湾拱坝模拟实际横缝间距的非线性地震反应分析[J].水利学报,2001(,4):68-74.(Xu Yanjie,Zhang Chuhan,Wang Guanglun,et al.Nonlinear seismic response analysis of arch dam with contraction joints[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2001,(4):68-74.(in Chinese))
[11]Peric D,Owen D R J.Computational model for 3D contact problems with friction based on the penalty method[J].International Journal for Numercial Method in Engineering,1992,35:1 289-1 309.
[12]Cescotto S,Charilier R.Frictional contact finite elements based on mixed variational principles[J].International Journal for Numercial Method in Engineering,1992,35:1 681-1 701.
[13]Simo J C,Laursen T A.An augmented lagranian treatment of contact problems involving friction[J].Computers and Structures,1992,42(1):97-116.
[14]Laursen T A,Simo J C.Algorithmic symmetrization of coulomb frictional problems using augmented Lagrangians[J].Computers Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,1993,108(1/2):133-146.
[15]Zhou W,Chang,X L,Lu S Y.Safety stability research of Danjiangkou gravity dam heightened on post-period[J].Process in Safety Science and Technology(Part A),2002,3:299-304
[16]Chang X L,Zhou W.A contact model on basis of the augmented lagrange method and engineering application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(9):1 568-1 572.
[17]周伟,常晓林,黎满林,等.丹江口重力坝二期加高非线性有限元接触分析[J].水电能源科学,2003(,3):55-58.(Zhou Wei,Chang Xiaolin,Li Manlin,et al.A nonlinear finit element contact research on Danjiangkou gravity dam heightened during post-period[J].Water Resources and Power,2003,(3):55-58.(in Chinese))
[18]周伟.高混凝土面板堆石坝流变本构模型理论及其应用[博士学位论文][D].武汉:武汉大学,2004.(Zhou Wei.Theory and application of creep constitutive model on high concrete face rockfill dam[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2004.(in Chinese))
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