岩土细观介质空间分布数字表述和相关力学数值分析的方法、应用和进展
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摘要
介绍和总结近十多年来研究实际岩土细观介质空间分布的方法,以及基于实际细观介质空间分布数学表述而建立的力学数值计算网格自动生成的方法和应用,该项研究可为解决岩土力学主流方法常遇到的岩土模型与参数给不准和本构关系模型种类繁多这两个重要问题提供可行途径。该可行途径主要包括采用数字图像技术来对岩土材料内部细观不同介质的空间分布进行精确测量和数值表述以及采用相应的数值计算方法。研究结果表明,数字图像技术可以用来准确量测和表述岩土内部各种介质的实际空间分布,这些空间分布数据可以用来建立岩土内部不同细观介质的空间分布和相应数值计算网格,并通过与现有的数值计算方法如有限元法或有限差分法相结合来实现考虑真实岩土材料不同种细观介质及其空间分布的力学数值分析和预测。进一步探讨如何应用该方法来建立微观–细观–宏观不同尺度耦合的真实岩土力学分析和预测方法与理论。SCI论文检索结果表明,所提出的方法和途径是岩土力学相关研究和探索的最新进展。
This paper presents the author′s efforts over the past decade for the establishment of a workable approach for geomechanics by taking into account the actual spatial distribution of different minerals,particulars and components in geomaterials at the meso-scale range.The primary goal of the approach is to provide a possible solution to solve the two intrinsic problems associated with the current main-stream methods for geomechanics.The problems are:(1) the constitutive models and parameters for soils and rocks cannot be given accurately in geomechanical prediction;and(2) there are numerous constitutive models for soils and rocks in the literature.The problems are possibly caused by the homogenization or averaging method in analyzing laboratory test results for establishing the constitutive models and parameters.The averaging method employs an assumption that the test samples can be represented by a homogeneous medium.Such averaging method ignores the fact that the geomaterial samples are also composed of a number of materials and components whose properties may have significant differences.In the proposed approach,digital image processing methods are used as a measurement tool to construct a digital representation for the actual spatial distribution of the different materials and components in geomaterial samples.The digital data are further proceeded to automatically generate meshes or grids for numerical analysis.These meshes or grids can be easily incorporated into existing numerical software packages for further mechanical analysis and failure prediction of the geomaterials under external loadings.The paper presents case studies to illustrate the proposed approach.Further discussions are also made on how to use the proposed approach to develop the geomechanics by taking into account the geomaterial behavior at micro-scale,meso-scale and macro-scale levels.A literature review of the related developments is given by examining the Science Citation Index(SCI) papers in the database of Science Citation Index Expanded.The results of this review have shown that the proposed approach is one of the latest research and developments in geomechanics where actual spatial distribution and properties of materials and component at the meso-level are taken into account.
This paper presents the author′s efforts over the past decade for the establishment of a workable approach for geomechanics by taking into account the actual spatial distribution of different minerals,particulars and components in geomaterials at the meso-scale range.The primary goal of the approach is to provide a possible solution to solve the two intrinsic problems associated with the current main-stream methods for geomechanics.The problems are:(1) the constitutive models and parameters for soils and rocks cannot be given accurately in geomechanical prediction;and(2) there are numerous constitutive models for soils and rocks in the literature.The problems are possibly caused by the homogenization or averaging method in analyzing laboratory test results for establishing the constitutive models and parameters.The averaging method employs an assumption that the test samples can be represented by a homogeneous medium.Such averaging method ignores the fact that the geomaterial samples are also composed of a number of materials and components whose properties may have significant differences.In the proposed approach,digital image processing methods are used as a measurement tool to construct a digital representation for the actual spatial distribution of the different materials and components in geomaterial samples.The digital data are further proceeded to automatically generate meshes or grids for numerical analysis.These meshes or grids can be easily incorporated into existing numerical software packages for further mechanical analysis and failure prediction of the geomaterials under external loadings.The paper presents case studies to illustrate the proposed approach.Further discussions are also made on how to use the proposed approach to develop the geomechanics by taking into account the geomaterial behavior at micro-scale,meso-scale and macro-scale levels.A literature review of the related developments is given by examining the Science Citation Index(SCI) papers in the database of Science Citation Index Expanded.The results of this review have shown that the proposed approach is one of the latest research and developments in geomechanics where actual spatial distribution and properties of materials and component at the meso-level are taken into account.
引文
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[11]郑颖人,沈珠江,龚晓南.广义塑性力学——岩土塑性力学原理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.(Zheng Yingren,Shen Zhujiang,Gong Xiaonan.Generalized Plastic Mechanics:the Principles of Plastic Mechanics in Geotechnical Engineering[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[12]杨志法,王思敬,冯紫良,等.岩土工程反分析原理及应用[M].北京:地震出版社,2002.(Yang Zhifa,Wang Sijing,Feng Ziliang,et al.Principles of Back-analysis in Geotechnical Engineering and Applications[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,2002.(in Chinese))
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[14]Sheng Q,Yue Z Q,Lee C F,et al.Estimating the excavation disturbed zone in the permanent shiplock slopes of the Three Gorges Project[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.,2002,39(2):165–184.
[15]Yue Z Q,Bekking W,Morin I.Application of digital image processing to quantitative study on asphalt concrete microstructure[A].In:USA National Research Council[C].[s.l.]:[s.n.],1995.53–60.
[16]Yue Z Q,Morin I.Digital image processing for aggregate orientation in asphalt concrete mixtures[J].Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,1996,23:479–89.
[17]Yue Z Q,Morin I.Digital image processing for aggregate orientations in asphalt concrete:reply to discussion by Ashraf M.Ghaly[J].Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,1997,24:334–334.
[18]Yue Z Q,Chen S,Tham L G.Digital image processing based finite element method for rock mechanics[A].In:Lin Y M,Tang C A,Feng X T,et al ed.New Development in Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering:Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference,China[C].[s.l.]:[s.n.],2002.609–615.
[19]Yue Z Q,Chen S,Tham L G.Finite element modeling of geomaterials using digital image processing[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2003,30:375–397.
[20]岳中琦,陈沙,郑宏,等.岩土工程材料的数字图像有限元分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(6):889–897.(Yue Zhongqi,Chen Sha,Zheng Hong,et al.Digital image processing based finite element method for geomaterials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(6):889–897.(in Chinese))
[21]Yue Z Q,Chen S,Tham L G.Seepage analysis in inhomogeneous geomaterials using digital image processing based on finite element method[A].In:Proceedings of the 12th Pan-Amerian Conference for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering and the 39th US Rock Mechanics Symposium,Soil and Rock America 2003[C].Boston,USA:[s.n.],2003.1 297–1 302.
[22]Chen S,Yue Z Q,Tham L G,et al.Modeling of the indirect tensile test for inhomogeneous granite using a digital image-based numerical method[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.,2004,41(3):447–447.
[23]Chen S,Yue Z Q,Tham L G.Digital image-based numerical modeling method for prediction of inhomogeneous rock failure[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.,2004,41(6):939–957.
[24]陈沙,岳中琦,谭国涣.基于真实细观结构的岩土工程材料三维数值分析方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报(待刊).(Chen Sha,Yue Zhongqi,Tham L G.Three-dimensional numerical modeling method based on actual microstructures for heterogeneous geomaterials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(to be published).(in Chinese))
[25]尚彦军,王思敬,岳中琦,等.原状全风化花岗岩三轴试验CT监测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(3):365–371.(Shang Yanjun,Wang Sijing,Yue Zhongqi,et al.Triaxial test of undisturbed completely decomposed granite under CT monitoring[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(3):365–371.(in Chinese))
[26]Yue Z Q,Shang Y J,Hu R L,et al.Five test methods for porosity of completely decomposed granite in Hong Kong[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.,2004,41(3):393–394.
[27]Hu R L,Yue Z Q,Tham L G,et al.Digital image analysis of dynamic compaction effects on clayey fills[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,ASCE,2005,131(11):1 411–1 422.
[28]陈沙,岳中琦,谭国涣.基于数字图像的非均质岩土工程材料的数值分析方法[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(8):956–964.(Chen Sha,Yue Zhongqi,Tham L G.Digital image-based numerical modeling method for heterogeneous geomaterials[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(8):956–964.(in Chinese))
[29]Kuo C Y,Freeman R B.Image analysis evaluation of aggregates for asphalt concrete mixtures,USA National Research Council[R].[s.l.]:[s.n.],1998.
[30]Obaidat M T,Al-Masaeid H R,Gharaybeh F,et al.An innovative digital image analysis approach to quantify the percentage of voids in mineral aggregates of bituminous mixtures[J].Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,1998,25:1 041–1 049.
[31]Masad E,Muhunthan B,Shashidhar N,et al.Internal structure characterization of asphalt concrete using image analysis[J].J.Computing in Civ.Eng.,ASCE,1999,13(2):88–95.
[32]Landis E N,Nagy E M,Keane D T,et al.Technique to measure 3D work-of-fracture of concrete in compression[J].J.Eng.Mechanics,1999,125(6):599–605.
[33]Picka J D,Jaiswal S S,Igusa T,et al.Quantitative description of coarse aggregate volume fraction gradients[J].Cement,Concrete,and Aggregates,CCAGDP,2000,22(2):133–141.
[34]Ghaly A M,Gill M S.Compression and deformation performance of concrete containing postconsumer plastics[J].J.of Materials in Civil Eng.,2004,16(4):289–296.
[35]Mora C F,Kwan A K H.Sphericity,shape factor,and convexity measurement of coarse aggregate for concrete using digital image processing[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2000,30(3):351–358.
[36]Kwan A K H,Mora C F,Chan H C.Particle shape analysis of coarse aggregate using digital image processing[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1999,29(9):1 403–1 410.
[37]Mora C F,Kwan A K H,Chan H C.Particle size distribution analysis of coarse aggregate using digital image processing[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1998,28(6):921–932.
[38]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.砂岩粒度和孔隙特征的测定图像分析方法(SY/T 6312–1997)[S].北京:石油工业出版社,1998.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.Image Analysis Method for Measurement of Particle Sizes and Pore Characteristics of Sandstone(SY/T 6312–1997)[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1998.(in Chinese))
[2]王仁,丁中一,殷有泉.固体力学基础[M].北京:地质出版社,1979.(Wang Ren,Ding Zhongyi,Yin Youquan.Fundamentals of Solid Mechanics[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1979.(in Chinese))
[3]Müller L.Rock Mechanics[M].New York:Springer,1974.
[4]David M W.Soil Behaviour and Critical State Soil Mechanics[M].Cambridge,England:Cambridge University Press,1990.
[5]Terzaghi L,Peck R B,Mesri G.Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,Inc.,1995.
[6]夏熙伦.工程岩石力学[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,1998.(Xia Xilun.Engineering Rock Mechanics[M].Wuhan:Wuhan Uni-versity of Technology Press,1998.(in Chinese))
[7]Sun J,Wang S J.Rock mechanics and rock engineering in China:developments and current state-of-the-art[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.,2000,37(3):447–465.
[8]孙钧.世纪之交岩石力学研究的若干进展——岩土力学数值分析与解析方法[M].广州:广东科技出版社,1998.191–215.(Sun Jun.Some Developments of Rock Mechanics Research at the New Century—Numerical Analysis and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics[M].Guangzhou:Guangdong Science and Technology Press,1998.191–215.(in Chinese))
[9]陈祖煜.土质边坡稳定分析——原理.方法.程序[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.(Chen Zuyu.Soil Slope Stability Analysis—Theory,Methods and Programs[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[10]冯夏庭.智能岩石力学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.(Feng Xiating.Introduction to Intelligent Rock Mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[11]郑颖人,沈珠江,龚晓南.广义塑性力学——岩土塑性力学原理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.(Zheng Yingren,Shen Zhujiang,Gong Xiaonan.Generalized Plastic Mechanics:the Principles of Plastic Mechanics in Geotechnical Engineering[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[12]杨志法,王思敬,冯紫良,等.岩土工程反分析原理及应用[M].北京:地震出版社,2002.(Yang Zhifa,Wang Sijing,Feng Ziliang,et al.Principles of Back-analysis in Geotechnical Engineering and Applications[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[13]铁道部第一勘测设计院.工程地质试验手册[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1986.(The First Geotechnical Investigation and Design Institute of the Ministry of Railways of China.Experiment Handbook of Engineering Geology[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,1986.(in Chinese))
[14]Sheng Q,Yue Z Q,Lee C F,et al.Estimating the excavation disturbed zone in the permanent shiplock slopes of the Three Gorges Project[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.,2002,39(2):165–184.
[15]Yue Z Q,Bekking W,Morin I.Application of digital image processing to quantitative study on asphalt concrete microstructure[A].In:USA National Research Council[C].[s.l.]:[s.n.],1995.53–60.
[16]Yue Z Q,Morin I.Digital image processing for aggregate orientation in asphalt concrete mixtures[J].Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,1996,23:479–89.
[17]Yue Z Q,Morin I.Digital image processing for aggregate orientations in asphalt concrete:reply to discussion by Ashraf M.Ghaly[J].Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,1997,24:334–334.
[18]Yue Z Q,Chen S,Tham L G.Digital image processing based finite element method for rock mechanics[A].In:Lin Y M,Tang C A,Feng X T,et al ed.New Development in Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering:Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference,China[C].[s.l.]:[s.n.],2002.609–615.
[19]Yue Z Q,Chen S,Tham L G.Finite element modeling of geomaterials using digital image processing[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2003,30:375–397.
[20]岳中琦,陈沙,郑宏,等.岩土工程材料的数字图像有限元分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(6):889–897.(Yue Zhongqi,Chen Sha,Zheng Hong,et al.Digital image processing based finite element method for geomaterials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(6):889–897.(in Chinese))
[21]Yue Z Q,Chen S,Tham L G.Seepage analysis in inhomogeneous geomaterials using digital image processing based on finite element method[A].In:Proceedings of the 12th Pan-Amerian Conference for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering and the 39th US Rock Mechanics Symposium,Soil and Rock America 2003[C].Boston,USA:[s.n.],2003.1 297–1 302.
[22]Chen S,Yue Z Q,Tham L G,et al.Modeling of the indirect tensile test for inhomogeneous granite using a digital image-based numerical method[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.,2004,41(3):447–447.
[23]Chen S,Yue Z Q,Tham L G.Digital image-based numerical modeling method for prediction of inhomogeneous rock failure[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.,2004,41(6):939–957.
[24]陈沙,岳中琦,谭国涣.基于真实细观结构的岩土工程材料三维数值分析方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报(待刊).(Chen Sha,Yue Zhongqi,Tham L G.Three-dimensional numerical modeling method based on actual microstructures for heterogeneous geomaterials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(to be published).(in Chinese))
[25]尚彦军,王思敬,岳中琦,等.原状全风化花岗岩三轴试验CT监测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(3):365–371.(Shang Yanjun,Wang Sijing,Yue Zhongqi,et al.Triaxial test of undisturbed completely decomposed granite under CT monitoring[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(3):365–371.(in Chinese))
[26]Yue Z Q,Shang Y J,Hu R L,et al.Five test methods for porosity of completely decomposed granite in Hong Kong[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.,2004,41(3):393–394.
[27]Hu R L,Yue Z Q,Tham L G,et al.Digital image analysis of dynamic compaction effects on clayey fills[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,ASCE,2005,131(11):1 411–1 422.
[28]陈沙,岳中琦,谭国涣.基于数字图像的非均质岩土工程材料的数值分析方法[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(8):956–964.(Chen Sha,Yue Zhongqi,Tham L G.Digital image-based numerical modeling method for heterogeneous geomaterials[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(8):956–964.(in Chinese))
[29]Kuo C Y,Freeman R B.Image analysis evaluation of aggregates for asphalt concrete mixtures,USA National Research Council[R].[s.l.]:[s.n.],1998.
[30]Obaidat M T,Al-Masaeid H R,Gharaybeh F,et al.An innovative digital image analysis approach to quantify the percentage of voids in mineral aggregates of bituminous mixtures[J].Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,1998,25:1 041–1 049.
[31]Masad E,Muhunthan B,Shashidhar N,et al.Internal structure characterization of asphalt concrete using image analysis[J].J.Computing in Civ.Eng.,ASCE,1999,13(2):88–95.
[32]Landis E N,Nagy E M,Keane D T,et al.Technique to measure 3D work-of-fracture of concrete in compression[J].J.Eng.Mechanics,1999,125(6):599–605.
[33]Picka J D,Jaiswal S S,Igusa T,et al.Quantitative description of coarse aggregate volume fraction gradients[J].Cement,Concrete,and Aggregates,CCAGDP,2000,22(2):133–141.
[34]Ghaly A M,Gill M S.Compression and deformation performance of concrete containing postconsumer plastics[J].J.of Materials in Civil Eng.,2004,16(4):289–296.
[35]Mora C F,Kwan A K H.Sphericity,shape factor,and convexity measurement of coarse aggregate for concrete using digital image processing[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2000,30(3):351–358.
[36]Kwan A K H,Mora C F,Chan H C.Particle shape analysis of coarse aggregate using digital image processing[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1999,29(9):1 403–1 410.
[37]Mora C F,Kwan A K H,Chan H C.Particle size distribution analysis of coarse aggregate using digital image processing[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1998,28(6):921–932.
[38]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.砂岩粒度和孔隙特征的测定图像分析方法(SY/T 6312–1997)[S].北京:石油工业出版社,1998.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.Image Analysis Method for Measurement of Particle Sizes and Pore Characteristics of Sandstone(SY/T 6312–1997)[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1998.(in Chinese))
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