地基土动力特性测试中的若干问题
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摘要
本文对地基土动力特性测试中几个问题的研究进展进行评述,内容包括:结构性影响问题;最大动剪切模量的测试问题;非弹性阶段的动剪模量测试问题;阻尼比的测试问题;动强度和液化特性的测试问题等。文中认为室内和现场试验各有优势和缺陷,各有适应范围,特别是由于土的结构性影响,有时单独采用室内测试不能有效地达到研究的目的,必须进行室内和现场的联合测试。
A review on advancement of research on dynamic characteristics of natural foundation soils is given.The problems to be discussed are:1.soil fabric and its effect on dynamic characteristics of soil;2.the maximum dynamic shear modulus and its determination;3.the dynamic shear modulus of soil under non-elastic deformation and its determination;4.the damping ratio of soil and its determination;5.the dynamic strength and liquefaction characteristics of soil.It is concluded that,due to the structure effect of soil,the combined measurement of laboratory experiment and in-situ test is the best way in determining the dynamic characteristics of natural foundation soil.
A review on advancement of research on dynamic characteristics of natural foundation soils is given.The problems to be discussed are:1.soil fabric and its effect on dynamic characteristics of soil;2.the maximum dynamic shear modulus and its determination;3.the dynamic shear modulus of soil under non-elastic deformation and its determination;4.the damping ratio of soil and its determination;5.the dynamic strength and liquefaction characteristics of soil.It is concluded that,due to the structure effect of soil,the combined measurement of laboratory experiment and in-situ test is the best way in determining the dynamic characteristics of natural foundation soil.
引文
[1]刘小生.饱和原状砂的动力特性[A].汪闻韶,等.岩土与水工建筑物相互作用研究[C].天津:天津大学出版社,1993.
[2]刘小生,郭锡荣,刘启旺.原状结构性对饱和无黏性土动力特性的影响[R].北京:水利水电科学研究院,1995.
[3]Hardin B O,Black W L.Vibration modulus of normally consolidated clay[J].Proc.,ASCE,1968,94(2):353-369.
[4]Hardin B O,Black W L.Closure of vibration modulus of normally consolidated clay[J].Proc.,ASCE,1969,95(6):1531-1539.
[5]俞培基,秦蔚琴.预振对最大动模量的影响[R].北京:水利水电科学研究院,1987.
[6]俞培基.应力状态和应力历史对砂土剪切模量的影响[A].水利水电科学研究院科学研究论文集(第23集)[C].北京:水利电力出版社,1986.
[7]俞培基,郭锡荣.现场和室内测定黏性土的动剪模量[A].全国土工建筑物及地基抗震学术讨论会论文汇编[C].西安,1986.
[9]孙德安.固有各向异性对动剪切模量的影响[A].全国土工建筑物及地基抗震学术讨论会论文汇编[C].西安,1986.
[10]刘小生,赵冬,汪闻韶.原状结构性对饱和砂土动力变形特性影响的试验研究[J].水利学报,1993,(2):32-42.
[11]郭锡荣.对用跨孔法测定土的动力性质的几个问题的探讨[R].北京:水利水电科学研究院,1985.
[12]胡文尧,王天龙.原状饱和黏性土在地震作用下的剪切模量和阻尼比[R].上海:同济大学,1980.
[13]Kyle M R,Mark D E,et al.Shear modulus and damping relationships for gravels[J].J.of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,ASCE,1998,124(5):396-405.
[14]Hoar R J,Stokoe K H.Field and Laboratory Measurement of Material Damping of Soil in Shear[C].Proc.8th.WCEE,Sanfrancisco,California,Vol.Ⅲ,1984.
[15]GB 50287-99,水利水电工程地质勘察规范[S].
[16]汪闻韶.饱和砂土振动孔隙水压力试验研究[J].水利学报,1962,(2):37-47.
[17]Seed H B,Lee K L.Studies of Liquefaction of Sands under Cyclic Loading Condition[R].Report No.TE-65-65,Dep.ofCivil Engineering,University of California,Berkeley,1965.
[18]Seed H B,Peacok W H.Test procedures for measuring soil liquefaction characteristics[J].J.Soil Mechanics andFoundation Div.,ASCE,1971,97(8):1099-1119.
[19]Seed H B,Idriss I M.Simplified procedure for evaluating soil liquefaction potential[J].J.Soil Mechanics and FoundationDiv,ASCE,1971,97(9):1249-1273.
[20]汪闻韶.在某电厂地基饱和砂性土地震稳定性试验中提出的原理和方法[A].水科院科学研究论文集(第16集)[C].北京:水利出版社,1983.
[21]汪闻韶.土的液化机理[J].水利学报,1981,(5):22-34.
[22]汪闻韶.土的动力强度和液化特性[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1997.
[23]朱思哲,刘虔,包承钢,郭熙灵,常亚屏.三轴试验———原理与应用技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2003.
[24]Finn W D L,Bransby P L,Pickering D J.Effect of strain history on liquefaction of sand[J].J.Soil Mechanics andFoundations Div.,ASCE,SM6,1970,98.
[25]Seed H B,Mori K,Chan C K.Influence of seismic history on liquefaction characteristics of sands[J].ASCE,1977,103(4):257-270.
[26]Seed H B.Soil liquefaction and cyclic mobility evaluation for level ground during earthquakes[J].J.Geotech.Eng.Div.,ASCE,1979,105(2):201-225.
[27]Silver M L,Seed H B.Volume change in sands during cyclic loading[J].J.Geotech.Eng.Div.,ASCE,1971,97(9):1171-1182.
[28]Silver M L,Park T K.Liquefaction potential evaluated from cyclic strain-controlled properties tests on sands[J].Soilsand Foundation,1976,16(3).
[29]Yokel F Y,Dobry R,Rowell D J,Ladd R S.Liquefaction of Sands During Earthquakes,The Cyclic Strain Approach[C].Int.Symp.on Soils under Cyclic and Transient Loading,Swansea,Jan.1980.7-11.
[30]Dobry R,ladd R S,Yokel F Y,Chung R M,Powell D.Prediction of Pore Water Pressure Buildup and Liquefaction ofSands During Earthquakes by the Cyclic Strain Method[M].National Bureau(U.S)of Standards,Building Science Series,138,July,1982.
[31]赵冬.地震期间饱和砂孔压增长规律估测方法和先期振动影响[J].水利学报,1988,(4):54-57.
[32]Ladd R S,Dobry R,Dutko P,Yokel F Y,Chung R M.Pore water pressure buildup in clean sands because of cyclicstraining[J].Geotech.Testing J.,1989,12(1).
[33]Hvorslev M J.Subsurface Exploration and Sampling of Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes[R].Waterway ExperimentStation,Vicksburg,Mississippi,U.S.A.,1949.
[34]Yoshimi Y,et al.A Simple Method for Undisturbed Sand Sampling by Freezing[C].9th Int.Conf.Soil Mech.andFound.Eng.,Tokyo,1977.
[35]Yoshimi Y,Tokimatsu K,Kaneko O,Makihara Y.Undrained cyclic shear strength of a dense niigata sand[J].Soils andFoundations,1984,24(4):
[36]Tokimatsu K,et al.Effect of sample disturbance on dynamic properties of sand[J].Soils and Foundations,1986,25(1).
[37]Singh S,Seed H B,Chan C K.Undisturbed Sampling and Cyclic Load Testing of Sands[R].UCB/EERC-79/33 andUCB/EERC-82/52,1979.
[38]高福田,王振宇.用冻结法获取不扰动饱和砂土的研究[R].天津:河北省水利水电勘测设计院,1987.
[39]刘小生,汪闻韶.饱和原状砂取样技术和质量控制[J].工程勘察,1990,(4):11-15.
[40]赵冬,刘小生,黄锦德.原状砂土取样和动力性质试验研究[J].水利学报,1993,(8):70-76.
[41]高福田,王振宇,刘小生,赵冬.冻结法采取深层不扰动砂土试样技术研究[A].岩土与水工建筑物相互作用研究成果汇编[C].1992.
[42]刘小生,赵冬,黄锦德.饱和原状砂循环三轴试验技术和室内重塑原状结构性试验方法[A].岩土与水工建筑物相互作用研究成果汇编[C].1992.
[43]刘小生,汪闻韶,赵冬.饱和原状砂静、动力强度特性试验研究[J].水利学报,1991,(11):41-46.
[44]赵冬,刘小生,黄锦德.有效应力下原状砂土动力行为的试验研究[A].岩土与水工建筑物相互作用研究成果汇编[C].1992.
[45]刘小生,汪闻韶,常亚屏,刘启旺.结构性对饱和砂土动孔隙水压力性状影响的探讨[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,1997,(2):47-57.
[46]Seed H B,et al.Influence of SPT Procedures in Soil liquefaction Resistant Evaluation[R].Report No.UCB/EERC-84/15,Oct.,1984.
[47]郭锡荣,等.瀑布沟工程坝基上、下游砂层透镜体液化可能性综合评价[R].北京:水利水电科学研究院,1992.
[48]Alex S Y.Twentieth canadian geotechnical colloquium recent developments in the becker penetration test 1986-1996[J].Can.Geotech.J.,1997,34:952-973.
[49]汪闻韶.关于饱和砂土液化机理和判别方法的某些探讨[A].水利水电科学研究院科学研究论文集(第16集)[C].北京:水利水电出版社,1984.
[50]石兆吉.判别水平土层液化势的剪切波速法[J].水文地质工程地质,1986,(4):9-10,13.
[51]Youd T L,et al.Liquefaction Resistance of Soil:Summary Report from the 1996 NCEER and 1998 NCEER/NSFWorkshops on Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance of Soils[J].Journal of Geotechnical and GeoenvironmentalEngineering.ASCE,2001,127(4):297-312.
[52]郭锡荣.用剪切波速判定土类液化的新方法[J].水利水电技术,1991,(3):55-59.
[53]刘小生,汪闻韶,常亚屏.饱和砂土的原位动强度确定方法探讨[J].土木工程学报,1996,(2):65-74.
[54]Tokimatsu K,et al.Soil liquefaction evaluation by elastic shear modulus[J].Soils and Foundations,1986,26(1).
[55]郭锡荣,刘小生.以原位剪切波速模拟砂土结构性的工程应用[J].水利水电技术,1996,(3):9-14.
[56]汪闻韶.土工抗震减灾工程中的一个重要参数———剪切波速[J].水利学报,1994,(3):80-84.
[57]汪闻韶.剪切波速在评估地基饱和砂层地震液化可能性中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(6):655-658.
[58]黄博,陈云敏,殷建华,等.控制试样初始剪切模量的动三轴液化试验[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(6):682-685.
[59]王建华,程国勇.饱和砂土的剪切波速与抗液化强度相关性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(4):369-373.
[2]刘小生,郭锡荣,刘启旺.原状结构性对饱和无黏性土动力特性的影响[R].北京:水利水电科学研究院,1995.
[3]Hardin B O,Black W L.Vibration modulus of normally consolidated clay[J].Proc.,ASCE,1968,94(2):353-369.
[4]Hardin B O,Black W L.Closure of vibration modulus of normally consolidated clay[J].Proc.,ASCE,1969,95(6):1531-1539.
[5]俞培基,秦蔚琴.预振对最大动模量的影响[R].北京:水利水电科学研究院,1987.
[6]俞培基.应力状态和应力历史对砂土剪切模量的影响[A].水利水电科学研究院科学研究论文集(第23集)[C].北京:水利电力出版社,1986.
[7]俞培基,郭锡荣.现场和室内测定黏性土的动剪模量[A].全国土工建筑物及地基抗震学术讨论会论文汇编[C].西安,1986.
[9]孙德安.固有各向异性对动剪切模量的影响[A].全国土工建筑物及地基抗震学术讨论会论文汇编[C].西安,1986.
[10]刘小生,赵冬,汪闻韶.原状结构性对饱和砂土动力变形特性影响的试验研究[J].水利学报,1993,(2):32-42.
[11]郭锡荣.对用跨孔法测定土的动力性质的几个问题的探讨[R].北京:水利水电科学研究院,1985.
[12]胡文尧,王天龙.原状饱和黏性土在地震作用下的剪切模量和阻尼比[R].上海:同济大学,1980.
[13]Kyle M R,Mark D E,et al.Shear modulus and damping relationships for gravels[J].J.of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,ASCE,1998,124(5):396-405.
[14]Hoar R J,Stokoe K H.Field and Laboratory Measurement of Material Damping of Soil in Shear[C].Proc.8th.WCEE,Sanfrancisco,California,Vol.Ⅲ,1984.
[15]GB 50287-99,水利水电工程地质勘察规范[S].
[16]汪闻韶.饱和砂土振动孔隙水压力试验研究[J].水利学报,1962,(2):37-47.
[17]Seed H B,Lee K L.Studies of Liquefaction of Sands under Cyclic Loading Condition[R].Report No.TE-65-65,Dep.ofCivil Engineering,University of California,Berkeley,1965.
[18]Seed H B,Peacok W H.Test procedures for measuring soil liquefaction characteristics[J].J.Soil Mechanics andFoundation Div.,ASCE,1971,97(8):1099-1119.
[19]Seed H B,Idriss I M.Simplified procedure for evaluating soil liquefaction potential[J].J.Soil Mechanics and FoundationDiv,ASCE,1971,97(9):1249-1273.
[20]汪闻韶.在某电厂地基饱和砂性土地震稳定性试验中提出的原理和方法[A].水科院科学研究论文集(第16集)[C].北京:水利出版社,1983.
[21]汪闻韶.土的液化机理[J].水利学报,1981,(5):22-34.
[22]汪闻韶.土的动力强度和液化特性[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1997.
[23]朱思哲,刘虔,包承钢,郭熙灵,常亚屏.三轴试验———原理与应用技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2003.
[24]Finn W D L,Bransby P L,Pickering D J.Effect of strain history on liquefaction of sand[J].J.Soil Mechanics andFoundations Div.,ASCE,SM6,1970,98.
[25]Seed H B,Mori K,Chan C K.Influence of seismic history on liquefaction characteristics of sands[J].ASCE,1977,103(4):257-270.
[26]Seed H B.Soil liquefaction and cyclic mobility evaluation for level ground during earthquakes[J].J.Geotech.Eng.Div.,ASCE,1979,105(2):201-225.
[27]Silver M L,Seed H B.Volume change in sands during cyclic loading[J].J.Geotech.Eng.Div.,ASCE,1971,97(9):1171-1182.
[28]Silver M L,Park T K.Liquefaction potential evaluated from cyclic strain-controlled properties tests on sands[J].Soilsand Foundation,1976,16(3).
[29]Yokel F Y,Dobry R,Rowell D J,Ladd R S.Liquefaction of Sands During Earthquakes,The Cyclic Strain Approach[C].Int.Symp.on Soils under Cyclic and Transient Loading,Swansea,Jan.1980.7-11.
[30]Dobry R,ladd R S,Yokel F Y,Chung R M,Powell D.Prediction of Pore Water Pressure Buildup and Liquefaction ofSands During Earthquakes by the Cyclic Strain Method[M].National Bureau(U.S)of Standards,Building Science Series,138,July,1982.
[31]赵冬.地震期间饱和砂孔压增长规律估测方法和先期振动影响[J].水利学报,1988,(4):54-57.
[32]Ladd R S,Dobry R,Dutko P,Yokel F Y,Chung R M.Pore water pressure buildup in clean sands because of cyclicstraining[J].Geotech.Testing J.,1989,12(1).
[33]Hvorslev M J.Subsurface Exploration and Sampling of Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes[R].Waterway ExperimentStation,Vicksburg,Mississippi,U.S.A.,1949.
[34]Yoshimi Y,et al.A Simple Method for Undisturbed Sand Sampling by Freezing[C].9th Int.Conf.Soil Mech.andFound.Eng.,Tokyo,1977.
[35]Yoshimi Y,Tokimatsu K,Kaneko O,Makihara Y.Undrained cyclic shear strength of a dense niigata sand[J].Soils andFoundations,1984,24(4):
[36]Tokimatsu K,et al.Effect of sample disturbance on dynamic properties of sand[J].Soils and Foundations,1986,25(1).
[37]Singh S,Seed H B,Chan C K.Undisturbed Sampling and Cyclic Load Testing of Sands[R].UCB/EERC-79/33 andUCB/EERC-82/52,1979.
[38]高福田,王振宇.用冻结法获取不扰动饱和砂土的研究[R].天津:河北省水利水电勘测设计院,1987.
[39]刘小生,汪闻韶.饱和原状砂取样技术和质量控制[J].工程勘察,1990,(4):11-15.
[40]赵冬,刘小生,黄锦德.原状砂土取样和动力性质试验研究[J].水利学报,1993,(8):70-76.
[41]高福田,王振宇,刘小生,赵冬.冻结法采取深层不扰动砂土试样技术研究[A].岩土与水工建筑物相互作用研究成果汇编[C].1992.
[42]刘小生,赵冬,黄锦德.饱和原状砂循环三轴试验技术和室内重塑原状结构性试验方法[A].岩土与水工建筑物相互作用研究成果汇编[C].1992.
[43]刘小生,汪闻韶,赵冬.饱和原状砂静、动力强度特性试验研究[J].水利学报,1991,(11):41-46.
[44]赵冬,刘小生,黄锦德.有效应力下原状砂土动力行为的试验研究[A].岩土与水工建筑物相互作用研究成果汇编[C].1992.
[45]刘小生,汪闻韶,常亚屏,刘启旺.结构性对饱和砂土动孔隙水压力性状影响的探讨[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,1997,(2):47-57.
[46]Seed H B,et al.Influence of SPT Procedures in Soil liquefaction Resistant Evaluation[R].Report No.UCB/EERC-84/15,Oct.,1984.
[47]郭锡荣,等.瀑布沟工程坝基上、下游砂层透镜体液化可能性综合评价[R].北京:水利水电科学研究院,1992.
[48]Alex S Y.Twentieth canadian geotechnical colloquium recent developments in the becker penetration test 1986-1996[J].Can.Geotech.J.,1997,34:952-973.
[49]汪闻韶.关于饱和砂土液化机理和判别方法的某些探讨[A].水利水电科学研究院科学研究论文集(第16集)[C].北京:水利水电出版社,1984.
[50]石兆吉.判别水平土层液化势的剪切波速法[J].水文地质工程地质,1986,(4):9-10,13.
[51]Youd T L,et al.Liquefaction Resistance of Soil:Summary Report from the 1996 NCEER and 1998 NCEER/NSFWorkshops on Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance of Soils[J].Journal of Geotechnical and GeoenvironmentalEngineering.ASCE,2001,127(4):297-312.
[52]郭锡荣.用剪切波速判定土类液化的新方法[J].水利水电技术,1991,(3):55-59.
[53]刘小生,汪闻韶,常亚屏.饱和砂土的原位动强度确定方法探讨[J].土木工程学报,1996,(2):65-74.
[54]Tokimatsu K,et al.Soil liquefaction evaluation by elastic shear modulus[J].Soils and Foundations,1986,26(1).
[55]郭锡荣,刘小生.以原位剪切波速模拟砂土结构性的工程应用[J].水利水电技术,1996,(3):9-14.
[56]汪闻韶.土工抗震减灾工程中的一个重要参数———剪切波速[J].水利学报,1994,(3):80-84.
[57]汪闻韶.剪切波速在评估地基饱和砂层地震液化可能性中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(6):655-658.
[58]黄博,陈云敏,殷建华,等.控制试样初始剪切模量的动三轴液化试验[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(6):682-685.
[59]王建华,程国勇.饱和砂土的剪切波速与抗液化强度相关性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(4):369-373.
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