深部粘土高压K_0蠕变试验及其微观结构各向异性特点
|
摘要
为研究山东省巨野矿区埋深近700m的巨厚土层中煤矿立井水平地压大小计算方法,本文自行设计了最大固结压力可超过20MPa的高压K0蠕变试验系统。以取自巨野矿区埋深为300～600m的6组原状粘土样为例,进行了固结压力为6,8,10,12,14,16MPa下的K0蠕变固结试验,得到了相应的K0值大小,分析了K0值随深度的变化规律。用扫描电镜图像分析,结合计算机影像分析技术,对同一粘土试样在不同高压固结荷载下K0蠕变稳定后的微观结构进行了分析,发现随着埋深加大,固结压力增加,粘土的微观结构各向异性越明显;并根据这一微结构性变化特点解释了深部粘土K0值宏观变化的本质。
The high pressure creep equipment was designed to study the horizontal ground stress of shaft lining in Juye mine area of Shandong province where the thickness of alluvium was nearly 700 m.The maximum consolidation pressure of the equipment could exceed 20 MPa.Six undisturbed clay samples taken from depth of 300～600 m in Juye coal field were used in K0 consolidation tests.The consolidation pressures were 6,8,10,12,14,16 MPa in these tests.The coefficients of lateral pressure K0 of the samples were obtained and the variation of K0 with depths were analyzed.The SEM tests of one clay sample under different consolidation pressure were performed and the microstructure was scanned.The variation of anisotropy of microstructure was analyzed with computer image analysis.It was shown that the anisotropy of microstructure of clay increased obviously with the increase of depth and consolidation pressure.The essential reasons of the macro variation of coefficients of lateral pressure K0 in consolidation tests were analyzed based on the microstructure characteristics.
The high pressure creep equipment was designed to study the horizontal ground stress of shaft lining in Juye mine area of Shandong province where the thickness of alluvium was nearly 700 m.The maximum consolidation pressure of the equipment could exceed 20 MPa.Six undisturbed clay samples taken from depth of 300～600 m in Juye coal field were used in K0 consolidation tests.The consolidation pressures were 6,8,10,12,14,16 MPa in these tests.The coefficients of lateral pressure K0 of the samples were obtained and the variation of K0 with depths were analyzed.The SEM tests of one clay sample under different consolidation pressure were performed and the microstructure was scanned.The variation of anisotropy of microstructure was analyzed with computer image analysis.It was shown that the anisotropy of microstructure of clay increased obviously with the increase of depth and consolidation pressure.The essential reasons of the macro variation of coefficients of lateral pressure K0 in consolidation tests were analyzed based on the microstructure characteristics.
引文
[1]于双忠,彭向峰,李文平,等.煤矿工程地质学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1994:252–260.(YU Shuang-zhong,PENG Xiang-feng,LI Wen-ping,et al.Coal geology engineering[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1994:252–260.)
[2]洪伯潜.巨野煤田开发条件及井筒施工关键技术[J].中国煤炭,2002,28(4):5–7.(HONG Bo-qian.Juye coal field:development conditions and key technology for shaft–sinking[J].China Coal,2002,28(4):5–7.)
[3]张永双,曲永新.鲁西南地区上第三系硬粘土的工程特性及其工程环境效应研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(4):446–449.(ZHANG Yong-shuang,QU Yong-xin.Study on the engineering properties and engineering environmental effects of Neogene hard clays in south-west of Shandong province[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(4):446–449.)
[4]王衍森,崔广心,杨维好.深部土的高压K0固结试验研究展望[J].岩土力学,2003,增刊:687–690.(WANG Yan-sen,CUI Guang-xin,YANG Wei-hao.Prospect of experimental studies of high-pressure consolidation tests of soils in thick alluvium[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,Supp:687–690.)
[5]姜朴,等.K0固结三轴仪的研制与试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1991,13(3):23–26.(JIANG Pu,et al.Development and experiment of K0 consolidation triaxial apparatus[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1991,13(3):23–26.)
[6]董孝璧.确定土侧压力系数K0的方法研究[J].地质灾害与环境保护[J].1998,9(4):27–33.(DONG Xiao-bi.Study on the methods to determine lateral stress ratio of soils[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,1998,9(4):27–33.)
[7]齐吉琳,谢定义,等.土结构性的研究方法及现状[J].西北地震学报,2001,23(1):99–103.(QI Ji-lin,XIE Ding-yi,et al.Status quo and method of quantitative study on soil structure[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2001,23(1):99–103.)
[8]蒋明镜,沈珠江,等.结构性粘土研究综述[J].水利水电科技进展,1999,19(1):26–31.(JIANG Ming-jing,SHENG Zhu-jiang,et al.Review on structured clay[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,1999,19(1):26–31.)
[9]吴义祥,等.土体微观结构的研究现况评述[J].地质论评,1992,38(3):250–259.(WU Yi-xiang,et al.A review of the present state of the research on soil microstructures[J].Geological Review,1992,38(3):250–259.)
[10]陈丽华,缪昕,于众.扫描电镜在地质上的应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1986.(CHEN Li-hua,MIAO Xi,YU Zhong.Application of SEM on geology[M].Beijing:Science Press,1986.)
[11]施斌,王宝军,宁义务.各向异性粘性土蠕变的微观力学模型[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(1):7–13.(SHI Bin,WANG Bao-jun,NING Yi-wu.Micromechanical model on creep of anisotropic clay[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1997,19(1):7–13.)
[12]吴义祥.工程粘性土微观结构的定量评价[J].中国地质科学院院报,1991,23(2):143–151.(WU Yi-xiang.Quantitative analysis on microstructures of clayey soils[J].Journal of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,1991,23(2):143–151.)
[13]TOVEY N K,KRINSLEY D H.Mapping of the orientation of fine-grained minerals in soils and sediments[J].Bulletin of LAEG.,1992,46:92–101.
[14]施斌,李生林,等.粘性土微观结构SEM图像的定量研究[J].中国科学(A辑),1995,25(6):665–671.(SHI Bin,LI Sheng-lin,et al.Quantitative study on SEM images of micr-ostructures of clayey soils[J].Science in China(Series A),1995,25(6):665–671.)
[15]施斌.粘性土微观结构简易定量分析法[J].水文地质工程地质,1997,24(1):7–10.(SHI Bin.Simple methods of quantitative analysis on microstructures of clayey soils[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1997,24(1):7–10.)
[16]王清,王凤艳,肖树芳.土微观结构特征的定量研究及其在工程中的应用[J].成都理工学院学报,2001,28(2):148–153.(WANG Qing,WANG Feng-yan,XIAO Shu-fang.A quantitative study of them icrostructure characteristics of so il and its appl ication to the engineering[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,2001,28(2):148–153.)
[17]TOVEY N K.A digital computer technique for orientation analysis of micrographs of soil fabric[J].J of Microcopy,1990,120(3):303–315.
[18]齐吉琳,谢定义.孔隙分布曲线及其在土的结构性分析中的应用[J].西安公路交通大学学报,2000,20(1):6–9.(QI Ji-lin,XEI Ding-yi.The pore size distribution curve and its appplication in soil structure analysis[J].Journal of Xi′an Highway University,2000,20(1):6–9.)
[19]李向全,胡瑞林,张丽.粘性土固结过程中的微结构效应研究[J].岩土工程技术,1999(1):52–56.(LI Xiang-quan,HU Rui-lin,ZHANG Li.Study on microstructures of clayey soil during consolidation[J].Geotechnical Engineering Technique,1999(1):52–56.)
[2]洪伯潜.巨野煤田开发条件及井筒施工关键技术[J].中国煤炭,2002,28(4):5–7.(HONG Bo-qian.Juye coal field:development conditions and key technology for shaft–sinking[J].China Coal,2002,28(4):5–7.)
[3]张永双,曲永新.鲁西南地区上第三系硬粘土的工程特性及其工程环境效应研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(4):446–449.(ZHANG Yong-shuang,QU Yong-xin.Study on the engineering properties and engineering environmental effects of Neogene hard clays in south-west of Shandong province[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(4):446–449.)
[4]王衍森,崔广心,杨维好.深部土的高压K0固结试验研究展望[J].岩土力学,2003,增刊:687–690.(WANG Yan-sen,CUI Guang-xin,YANG Wei-hao.Prospect of experimental studies of high-pressure consolidation tests of soils in thick alluvium[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,Supp:687–690.)
[5]姜朴,等.K0固结三轴仪的研制与试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1991,13(3):23–26.(JIANG Pu,et al.Development and experiment of K0 consolidation triaxial apparatus[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1991,13(3):23–26.)
[6]董孝璧.确定土侧压力系数K0的方法研究[J].地质灾害与环境保护[J].1998,9(4):27–33.(DONG Xiao-bi.Study on the methods to determine lateral stress ratio of soils[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,1998,9(4):27–33.)
[7]齐吉琳,谢定义,等.土结构性的研究方法及现状[J].西北地震学报,2001,23(1):99–103.(QI Ji-lin,XIE Ding-yi,et al.Status quo and method of quantitative study on soil structure[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2001,23(1):99–103.)
[8]蒋明镜,沈珠江,等.结构性粘土研究综述[J].水利水电科技进展,1999,19(1):26–31.(JIANG Ming-jing,SHENG Zhu-jiang,et al.Review on structured clay[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,1999,19(1):26–31.)
[9]吴义祥,等.土体微观结构的研究现况评述[J].地质论评,1992,38(3):250–259.(WU Yi-xiang,et al.A review of the present state of the research on soil microstructures[J].Geological Review,1992,38(3):250–259.)
[10]陈丽华,缪昕,于众.扫描电镜在地质上的应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1986.(CHEN Li-hua,MIAO Xi,YU Zhong.Application of SEM on geology[M].Beijing:Science Press,1986.)
[11]施斌,王宝军,宁义务.各向异性粘性土蠕变的微观力学模型[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(1):7–13.(SHI Bin,WANG Bao-jun,NING Yi-wu.Micromechanical model on creep of anisotropic clay[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1997,19(1):7–13.)
[12]吴义祥.工程粘性土微观结构的定量评价[J].中国地质科学院院报,1991,23(2):143–151.(WU Yi-xiang.Quantitative analysis on microstructures of clayey soils[J].Journal of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,1991,23(2):143–151.)
[13]TOVEY N K,KRINSLEY D H.Mapping of the orientation of fine-grained minerals in soils and sediments[J].Bulletin of LAEG.,1992,46:92–101.
[14]施斌,李生林,等.粘性土微观结构SEM图像的定量研究[J].中国科学(A辑),1995,25(6):665–671.(SHI Bin,LI Sheng-lin,et al.Quantitative study on SEM images of micr-ostructures of clayey soils[J].Science in China(Series A),1995,25(6):665–671.)
[15]施斌.粘性土微观结构简易定量分析法[J].水文地质工程地质,1997,24(1):7–10.(SHI Bin.Simple methods of quantitative analysis on microstructures of clayey soils[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1997,24(1):7–10.)
[16]王清,王凤艳,肖树芳.土微观结构特征的定量研究及其在工程中的应用[J].成都理工学院学报,2001,28(2):148–153.(WANG Qing,WANG Feng-yan,XIAO Shu-fang.A quantitative study of them icrostructure characteristics of so il and its appl ication to the engineering[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,2001,28(2):148–153.)
[17]TOVEY N K.A digital computer technique for orientation analysis of micrographs of soil fabric[J].J of Microcopy,1990,120(3):303–315.
[18]齐吉琳,谢定义.孔隙分布曲线及其在土的结构性分析中的应用[J].西安公路交通大学学报,2000,20(1):6–9.(QI Ji-lin,XEI Ding-yi.The pore size distribution curve and its appplication in soil structure analysis[J].Journal of Xi′an Highway University,2000,20(1):6–9.)
[19]李向全,胡瑞林,张丽.粘性土固结过程中的微结构效应研究[J].岩土工程技术,1999(1):52–56.(LI Xiang-quan,HU Rui-lin,ZHANG Li.Study on microstructures of clayey soil during consolidation[J].Geotechnical Engineering Technique,1999(1):52–56.)
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心