各向异性岩石纵、横波的波速比特性研究
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摘要
通过对板岩、千枚岩、糜棱岩和变质砂岩等4种各向异性岩石在平行和垂直层理或板理的3个正交方向上进行大量的纵、横波波速试验,并结合对相关文献中已有岩石波速数据的深入分析,提出岩石介质纵、横波波速比的各向异性效应。这种效应广泛存在,其发育程度受到岩石类别的控制。在试验所用的4种岩石中,板岩和千枚岩的波速比的各向异性明显,而糜棱岩和变质砂岩则不甚发育。波速比的各向异性特征主要表现为垂直层理方向上的波速比普遍小于平行层理方向,且两方向波速比的相对增量还随着垂直层理方向上的波速比的增大而逐步减小。基于横观各向同性弹性介质的波速方程,还进一步通过具体算例对这一特征进行较好的理论分析。
By measuring the velocities of the P-wave and S-wave in three orthotropic directions including parallel and vertical directions to the stratum of the rock samples for slate,phyllite,mylonite and metasandstone,and based on the wave velocities of other rocks from the relevant studies,the anisotropic effect of wave velocity ratio of the P-wave and S-wave for most rocks is put forward.The anisotropic effect is controlled by the lithologic characteristics,and apparent for slate and phyllite,while not for the other two kinds of rocks,mylonite and metasandstone.The wave velocity ratio vertical to the stratum of the rock samples is usually less than that in parallel direction,and the relative increment of wave velocity ratio between the vertical direction and the parallel direction decreases as the wave velocity ratio in vertical direction gradually increases.By treating the rock as the transverse isotropic elastic medium and using numerical test of the wave velocity function,the property is theoretically validated.
By measuring the velocities of the P-wave and S-wave in three orthotropic directions including parallel and vertical directions to the stratum of the rock samples for slate,phyllite,mylonite and metasandstone,and based on the wave velocities of other rocks from the relevant studies,the anisotropic effect of wave velocity ratio of the P-wave and S-wave for most rocks is put forward.The anisotropic effect is controlled by the lithologic characteristics,and apparent for slate and phyllite,while not for the other two kinds of rocks,mylonite and metasandstone.The wave velocity ratio vertical to the stratum of the rock samples is usually less than that in parallel direction,and the relative increment of wave velocity ratio between the vertical direction and the parallel direction decreases as the wave velocity ratio in vertical direction gradually increases.By treating the rock as the transverse isotropic elastic medium and using numerical test of the wave velocity function,the property is theoretically validated.
引文
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[2]王让甲.声波岩石分级和岩石动弹性力学参数的分析研究[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.(Wang Rangjia.Analysis of the SoundWave Rock Classification and Rock Dynamic Elastic MechanicsParameters[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1997.(inChinese))
[3]Tutuncu A N,Sharmma M.M.Relating static and ultrasoniclaboratory measurement to acoustic log measurement in tight gassands[R].SPE24689,1993.299–311.
[4]葛洪魁,黄荣樽,庄锦江,等.三轴应力下饱和水砂岩动静态弹性参数的试验研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1994,18(3):41–47.(Ge Hongkui,Huang Rongzun,Zhuang Jinjiang,et al.Experimental study on dynamic and static elastic parameters ofwater-saturated sands under triaxial stresses[J].Journal of theUniversity of Petroleum,China(Natural Science),1994,18(3):41–47.(in Chinese))
[5]Yale D P,Jamieson W H.Static and dynamic rock mechanicalproperties in the Hugoton and Panoma field,Kanxas[R].SPE27939,1995.209–219.
[6]林英松,葛洪魁,王顺昌.岩石动静力学参数的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(2):216–222.(Lin Yingsong,GeHongkui,Wang Shunchang.Testing study on dynamic and staticelastic parameters of rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,1998,17(2):216–222.(in Chinese))
[7]许波涛,尹健民,王煜霞.岩石干湿状态下动静弹模关系特征及工程意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(增):1 755–1 757.(XuBotao,Yin Jianmin,Wang Yuxia.Correlation of dynamic and staticelasticity moduli for dry and wet rock and its engineeringsignification[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(Supp.):1 755–1 757.(in Chinese))
[8]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.工程岩体试验方法标准(GB/T50266–99)[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1999.(The NationalStandards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.Standardfor Tests Method of Engineering Rock Masses(GB/T 50266–99)[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[9]尤明庆,苏承东.利用纵波探头测量横波速度的试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11),1 841–1 843.(You Mingqing,SuChengdong.Measurement of S-wave velocity with probes forP-wave[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1 841–1 843.(in Chinese))
[10]刘斌,席道瑛,葛宁洁,等.不同围压下岩石中泊松比的各向异性[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(6):880–890.(Liu Bin,Xi Daoying,Ge Ningjie,et al.Anisotropy of Poisson′s ratio in rock smaples underconfining pressures[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2002,45(6):880–890.(in Chinese)
[11]徐仲达.地震波理论[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1996.(XuZhongda.Theory of Seismic Wave[M].Shanghai:Tongji UniversityPress,1996.(in Chinese))
[12]罗斯J L.固体中的超声波[M].何存富,吴斌,王秀彦译.北京:科学出版社,2004.(Rose J L.Ultrasonic Wave in Solid[M].Translated by He Cunfu,Wu Bin,Wang Xiuyan.Beijing:SciencePress,2004.(in Chinese))
[13]张海澜,王秀明,张碧星.井孔的声场和波[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.(Zhang Hailan,Wang Xiuming,Zhang Bixing.BoreholeAcoustic Field and Wave[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004.(inChinese))
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