应力自感知水泥基复合材料及其传感器的研究进展
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摘要
应力自感知水泥基复合材料是在传统的水泥或砂浆中添加特定导电材料或纳米材料复合而成的具有压阻效应的材料。利用这类材料的电阻率与其自身压应力存在一定对应关系的特性,可以制成性能独特的应力自感知水泥基复合材料传感器。此类传感器因具有造价低、耐久性好、埋设工艺简单以及与混凝土材料相容性好等特性,有望成为混凝土结构长期健康监测的新一代传感装置。本文作者从原材料选择、搅拌工艺、电阻测试方法以及传感器测试系统等多方面综合评述了应力自感知水泥基复合材料的研究进展。同时指出,为促进其在工程中的应用,对碳纤维水泥石电阻率的离散性、稳定性以及多向约束受力下电阻率的变化曲线等问题都必须进一步深入研究。
The stress-sensing cement composite material,which is mainly composed of special conducting material or nano-particle and traditional cement or mortar,is a new kind of material with piezoresistive effect.Using the special performance of this material that between its specific resistance and compressive stress there is a corresponding relationship,a new kind of sensor can be made.As having character of low cost,high durability and good compatibility with concrete,sensors made of the stress-sensing cement composite material have great potential to be used as long time health monitors of concrete structures.In this paper,the progress in stress-sensing cement composite materials,such as treating and selecting of the raw material,mixing technology,testing method of specific resis-tance,and testing system of the stress-sensing cement sensor,was summarized.And the problems,i.e.stability and discreteness of specific resistance and specific resistance's changing rules under multiaxial stresses and so on,should be further resolved so as to promote their applications to practical engineering.
The stress-sensing cement composite material,which is mainly composed of special conducting material or nano-particle and traditional cement or mortar,is a new kind of material with piezoresistive effect.Using the special performance of this material that between its specific resistance and compressive stress there is a corresponding relationship,a new kind of sensor can be made.As having character of low cost,high durability and good compatibility with concrete,sensors made of the stress-sensing cement composite material have great potential to be used as long time health monitors of concrete structures.In this paper,the progress in stress-sensing cement composite materials,such as treating and selecting of the raw material,mixing technology,testing method of specific resis-tance,and testing system of the stress-sensing cement sensor,was summarized.And the problems,i.e.stability and discreteness of specific resistance and specific resistance's changing rules under multiaxial stresses and so on,should be further resolved so as to promote their applications to practical engineering.
引文
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[10]韩宝国.压敏碳纤维水泥石性能、传感器制品与结构[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2005.Han Baoguo.Properties,sensors and structures of pressure-sensitive carbon fiber cement paste[D].Harbin:Harbin In-stitute of Technology,2005.
[11]姚武,陈兵,吴科如.碳纤维水泥基材料的机敏特性研究[J].复合材料学报,2002,19(2):49-52.Yao Wu,Chen Bing,Wu Keru.Smart behavior of carbonfiber reinforced cement-based composite[J].Acta MateriaeCompositae Sinica,2002,19(2):49-52.
[12]Chen P W,Chung D D L.Carbon fiber reinforced concrete asan intrinsically smart concrete for damage assessment[J].ACI Materials Journal,1996,93(4):11-13.
[13]毛起炤,赵斌元,沈大荣,等.水泥基碳纤维复合材料压阻性的研究[J].复合材料学报,1996,13(4):8-11.Mao Qizhao,Zhao Binyuan,Shen Darong,et al.Study onthe compression sensibility of cement matrix carbon fibercomposite[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,1996,13(4):8-11.
[14]Fu Xuli,Chung D D L.Self-monitoring of fatigue damage incarbon fiber reinforced[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1996,26(1):15-20.
[15]Sun M,Li Z,Mao Q,et al.Thermoelectric percolation phe-nomena in carbon fiber reinforced concrete[J].Cement andConcrete Research,1998,28(12):1707-1712.
[16]Wen Sihai,Chung D D L.Effect of carbon fiber grade on theelectrical behavior of carbon reinforced cement[J]Carbon,2001,39(3):369-373.
[17]周智,欧进萍.土木工程智能健康监测与诊断系统[J].传感器技术,2001,20(11):1-4.Zhou Zhi,Ou Jinping,System of smart health monitoringand diagnosis in civil engineering[J].Journal of TransducerTechnology,2001,20(11):1-4.
[18]Wen Sihai,Chung D D L.Effect of admixtures on the dielec-tric constant of cement paste[J].Cement and Concrete Re-search,2001,31(4):673-677.
[19]Cao J,Chung D D L.Carbon fiber reinforced cement mortarimproved by using acrylic dispersion as an admixture[J].Ce-ment and Concrete Research,2001,31(11):1633-1637.
[20]Guan X C,Han B G,Ou J P.Study on the producing tech-nology and properties of carbon fiber reinforced cement sensor[C]∥Wu S Z,ed.The First International Conference onStructural Health Monitoring and Intelligent Infrastructure.Tokyo:Swets&Zeitlinger,2003.
[21]关新春,韩宝国,欧进萍.碳纤维在水泥浆体中的分散性研究[J],混凝土与水泥制品,2002,124(2):34-36.Guan Xinchun,Han Baoguo,Ou Jinping.Study of diffusionof carbon fiber in cement paste[J].China Concrete and Ce-ment Products,2002,124(2):34-36.
[22]关新春,韩宝国,欧进萍,等.碳纤维表面氧化处理对碳纤维水泥石压阻性的影响[J].材料科学与工艺,2003,11(4):343-346.Guan Xinchun,Han Baoguo,Ou Jinping,et al.Influence ofsurface treatment of carbon fiber on smart performance ofcarbon fiber hardened cement[J].Materials Science&Tech-nology,2003,11(4):343-346.
[23]Fu X,Lu W,Chung D D L.Improving the strain-sensingability of carbon fiber-reinforced cement by ozone treatmentof the fibers[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1998,28(2):183-187.
[24]Li Hui,Xiao Huigang,Yuan Jie,et al.Microstructure of ce-ment mortar with nano-particles[J].Composites Part B,2004,35(2):185-189.
[25]Li Hui,Yuan Jie,Ou Jinping.A study on mechanical andpressure-sensitive properties of cement mortar withnanophase materials[J].Cement and Concrete Research.2004,34(3):435-438.
[26]肖会刚,添加超细粒智能混凝土的制备工艺及多功能特性研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2002.Xiao Huigang.Manufacturing technology and multifunctionalperformance of smart concrete mixed with nano-phase parti-cles[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2002.
[27]李惠,肖会刚,欧进萍.水泥基纳米复合材料压敏特性研究[J].功能材料,2004,35(增刊):2653-2656.Li Hui,Xiao Huigang,Ou Jinping.Study of piezoelectriceffect of cement mixed with nano-phase particles[J].Journalof Functional Materials,2004,35(Supplement):2653-2656.
[28]韩宝国,关新春,欧进萍.碳纤维水泥石压阻传感器电极的试验研究[J].功能材料,2004,35(2):262-264.Han Baoguo,Guan Xinchun,Ou Jinping.Experimental re-search of electrode of carbon fiber reinforced cement sensor[J].Journal of Functional Materials,2004,35(2):262-264.
[2]Aktan A E,Chase S,Inman D,et al.Monitoring and man-aging the health of infrastructure systems[C]∥Proceed-ings of SPIE s 6thAnnual International Symposium on SmartStructures and Materials.Bellingham:The International So-ciety for Optical Engineering,2001.
[3]Aktan A,Tsikos C J,Catbas F N,et al.Challenges and op-portunities in bridge health monitoring[C]∥Chang F K,ed.Proceedings of the Second International Workshop onStructural Health Monitoring.Lancaster:DEStech Publica-tions,Inc,1999:76-84.
[4]Chong K P,Carino N J,Washer G.Health monitoring ofcivil infrastructures[J].Smart Mater Struct,2003,12(3),483-493.
[5]欧进萍,关新春.土木工程智能结构体系的研究与发展[J].地震工程与工程振动,1999,19(2):21-28.Ou Jinping,Guan Xinchun.State-of-the-art of smart struc-tural systems of civil engineering[J].Earthquake Engineer-ing and Engineering Vibration,1999,19(2):21-28.
[6]欧进萍.重大工程结构的智能监测与健康诊断[J].工程力学,2002(增刊):35-41.Ou Jinping.Smart monitoring and health diagnose of key in-fra-structures[J].Engineering Mechanics,2002(Supple-ment):35-41.
[7]Ou Jinping.Some recent advances of intelligent health moni-toring systems for civil infrastructures in mainland China[C]∥Wu S Z,ed.The First International Conference on Struc-tural Health Monitoring and Intelligent Infrastructure.Toky-o:Swets&Zeitlinger,2003:131-144.
[8]Chung D D L.Cement reinforced with short carbon fibers:Amultifunctional material[J].Composites Part B,2000,31(6),511-526.
[9]Chen P W,Chung D D L.Carbon fiber reinforced concrete asan electrical contact material for smart structures[J].SmartMater Struct,1993,2(3):181-190.
[10]韩宝国.压敏碳纤维水泥石性能、传感器制品与结构[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2005.Han Baoguo.Properties,sensors and structures of pressure-sensitive carbon fiber cement paste[D].Harbin:Harbin In-stitute of Technology,2005.
[11]姚武,陈兵,吴科如.碳纤维水泥基材料的机敏特性研究[J].复合材料学报,2002,19(2):49-52.Yao Wu,Chen Bing,Wu Keru.Smart behavior of carbonfiber reinforced cement-based composite[J].Acta MateriaeCompositae Sinica,2002,19(2):49-52.
[12]Chen P W,Chung D D L.Carbon fiber reinforced concrete asan intrinsically smart concrete for damage assessment[J].ACI Materials Journal,1996,93(4):11-13.
[13]毛起炤,赵斌元,沈大荣,等.水泥基碳纤维复合材料压阻性的研究[J].复合材料学报,1996,13(4):8-11.Mao Qizhao,Zhao Binyuan,Shen Darong,et al.Study onthe compression sensibility of cement matrix carbon fibercomposite[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,1996,13(4):8-11.
[14]Fu Xuli,Chung D D L.Self-monitoring of fatigue damage incarbon fiber reinforced[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1996,26(1):15-20.
[15]Sun M,Li Z,Mao Q,et al.Thermoelectric percolation phe-nomena in carbon fiber reinforced concrete[J].Cement andConcrete Research,1998,28(12):1707-1712.
[16]Wen Sihai,Chung D D L.Effect of carbon fiber grade on theelectrical behavior of carbon reinforced cement[J]Carbon,2001,39(3):369-373.
[17]周智,欧进萍.土木工程智能健康监测与诊断系统[J].传感器技术,2001,20(11):1-4.Zhou Zhi,Ou Jinping,System of smart health monitoringand diagnosis in civil engineering[J].Journal of TransducerTechnology,2001,20(11):1-4.
[18]Wen Sihai,Chung D D L.Effect of admixtures on the dielec-tric constant of cement paste[J].Cement and Concrete Re-search,2001,31(4):673-677.
[19]Cao J,Chung D D L.Carbon fiber reinforced cement mortarimproved by using acrylic dispersion as an admixture[J].Ce-ment and Concrete Research,2001,31(11):1633-1637.
[20]Guan X C,Han B G,Ou J P.Study on the producing tech-nology and properties of carbon fiber reinforced cement sensor[C]∥Wu S Z,ed.The First International Conference onStructural Health Monitoring and Intelligent Infrastructure.Tokyo:Swets&Zeitlinger,2003.
[21]关新春,韩宝国,欧进萍.碳纤维在水泥浆体中的分散性研究[J],混凝土与水泥制品,2002,124(2):34-36.Guan Xinchun,Han Baoguo,Ou Jinping.Study of diffusionof carbon fiber in cement paste[J].China Concrete and Ce-ment Products,2002,124(2):34-36.
[22]关新春,韩宝国,欧进萍,等.碳纤维表面氧化处理对碳纤维水泥石压阻性的影响[J].材料科学与工艺,2003,11(4):343-346.Guan Xinchun,Han Baoguo,Ou Jinping,et al.Influence ofsurface treatment of carbon fiber on smart performance ofcarbon fiber hardened cement[J].Materials Science&Tech-nology,2003,11(4):343-346.
[23]Fu X,Lu W,Chung D D L.Improving the strain-sensingability of carbon fiber-reinforced cement by ozone treatmentof the fibers[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1998,28(2):183-187.
[24]Li Hui,Xiao Huigang,Yuan Jie,et al.Microstructure of ce-ment mortar with nano-particles[J].Composites Part B,2004,35(2):185-189.
[25]Li Hui,Yuan Jie,Ou Jinping.A study on mechanical andpressure-sensitive properties of cement mortar withnanophase materials[J].Cement and Concrete Research.2004,34(3):435-438.
[26]肖会刚,添加超细粒智能混凝土的制备工艺及多功能特性研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2002.Xiao Huigang.Manufacturing technology and multifunctionalperformance of smart concrete mixed with nano-phase parti-cles[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2002.
[27]李惠,肖会刚,欧进萍.水泥基纳米复合材料压敏特性研究[J].功能材料,2004,35(增刊):2653-2656.Li Hui,Xiao Huigang,Ou Jinping.Study of piezoelectriceffect of cement mixed with nano-phase particles[J].Journalof Functional Materials,2004,35(Supplement):2653-2656.
[28]韩宝国,关新春,欧进萍.碳纤维水泥石压阻传感器电极的试验研究[J].功能材料,2004,35(2):262-264.Han Baoguo,Guan Xinchun,Ou Jinping.Experimental re-search of electrode of carbon fiber reinforced cement sensor[J].Journal of Functional Materials,2004,35(2):262-264.
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