三峡库区宝塔滑坡泥化夹层泥化过程的水岩作用
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摘要
宝塔滑坡群是三峡库区4个体积大于1亿m3的特大型滑坡之一,滑坡发育在侏罗系蓬莱镇组砂泥岩互层的地层中,其中泥化夹层比较发育,是致使滑坡发生的最重要的原因之一。基于地质分析,进行X射线衍射(XRD)试验、扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱(SEM-EDX)试验、物理化学试验和地下水水质分析,对宝塔滑坡区泥化夹层及其原岩的组分和结构进行了对比分析,认为宝塔滑坡区泥化夹层形成的原因为:上硬下软的地层结构是物质基础;构造应力或重力是泥化夹层形成的必要条件;地下水的长期作用是泥岩泥化的主导因素。在此基础上,研究了宝塔滑坡泥岩泥化过程中的水岩相互作用。研究表明,地下水与泥岩的水化作用、离子交换作用、溶蚀作用相互促进,改变了泥岩的组构和性质,使泥岩泥化,转变为泥化夹层,从而解释了泥岩泥化的机理。
Baota landslides are one of the four landslides whose volume is more than 1×108 m3 in Three Gorges reservoir area. Baota landslides are in the sandstone and mudstone alternate layers of Jurassic Penglaizhen formation. The clay gouged intercalation, existing much in Baota landslides, is one of the most important reasons of Baota landslides happened. On the basis of geology analysis, using X-ray diffraction (XRD) test, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray test(SEM-EDX), physical chemistry test and underground water quality analysis test, the composition, the structure, the characters of clay gouged intercalation and its original rock are analyzed contrastively. The reasons of clay gouged intercalation establishment are concluded: the layer structure of sandstone and mudstone alternate layer is the basic reason; the tectonic stress or gravity is the necessary condition; and the long action of underground water is the main reason. The water-rock interaction of clay gouged intercalation establishment is studied on the basis of above conclusion. The study results indicate that hydration, ion exchange, corrosion between underground water and mudstone are promoting each other. These water-rock interactions change the structure, composition and characters of mudstone; then induce the mudstone sludging thoroughly. At last, mudstone is changed into the clay gouged intercalation. Thereby, the establishment mechanism of clay gouged intercalation in Baota landslides is interpreted.
Baota landslides are one of the four landslides whose volume is more than 1×108 m3 in Three Gorges reservoir area. Baota landslides are in the sandstone and mudstone alternate layers of Jurassic Penglaizhen formation. The clay gouged intercalation, existing much in Baota landslides, is one of the most important reasons of Baota landslides happened. On the basis of geology analysis, using X-ray diffraction (XRD) test, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray test(SEM-EDX), physical chemistry test and underground water quality analysis test, the composition, the structure, the characters of clay gouged intercalation and its original rock are analyzed contrastively. The reasons of clay gouged intercalation establishment are concluded: the layer structure of sandstone and mudstone alternate layer is the basic reason; the tectonic stress or gravity is the necessary condition; and the long action of underground water is the main reason. The water-rock interaction of clay gouged intercalation establishment is studied on the basis of above conclusion. The study results indicate that hydration, ion exchange, corrosion between underground water and mudstone are promoting each other. These water-rock interactions change the structure, composition and characters of mudstone; then induce the mudstone sludging thoroughly. At last, mudstone is changed into the clay gouged intercalation. Thereby, the establishment mechanism of clay gouged intercalation in Baota landslides is interpreted.
引文
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[2]李守定,李晓,张年学,等.三峡库区侏罗系易滑地层沉积特征及其对岩石物理力学性质的影响[J].工程地质学报,2004,12(04):385-389.LI Shou-ding,LI Xiao,ZHANG Nian-xue,et al.Sedimentation characteristics of the Jurassic sliding-prone stratum in the Three Gorges reservoir area and their influence on physical and mechanical properties of rock[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2004,12(4):385-389.
[3]肖树芳,K?阿基诺夫.泥化夹层的组构及强度蠕变特性[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,1991.3-5.
[4]重庆136地质队.三峡库区重庆市阳县宝塔滑坡群工程地值勘察报告[R].重庆:重庆市136地质队,2001.
[5]仵彦卿.地下水与地质灾害[J].地下空间,1999,19(4):303-316.WU Yan-qing.Groundwater flow and geological hazards[J].Underground Space,1999,19(4):303-316.
[6]B.H.奥西波夫.黏土类土和岩石的强度与变形性能的本质[M].李生林,张之一译.北京:地质出版社,1985.
[7]Borland J W,Reitemeier R F Soil Science.[M].[s.l.]:[s.n.],1950.
[8]Lai T M,Mortland M M.Soil Science.Society.America.,Proc[M].[s.l.]:[s.n.],1961,25,353.
[9]须藤俊男.黏土矿物学[M].严寿鹤,刘万,贾克实译.北京:地质出版社,1981.230-230.
[10]任磊夫.黏土矿物与黏土岩[M].北京:地质出版社,1992.8-9.
[11]张汝藩,杨主恩.扫描电镜与微观地质研究[M].北京:学苑出版社,1999.22-26.
[12]Hquser E A.Reynolds H H Amer.Miner[M].[s.l.]:[s.n.],1939.22,1121.
[13]Xeidakis G S.Stabilization of swelling glays by mg(OH)2changes in clay properties after addition of Mg-hydroxide[J].Engineering Geology,1996.44(1-4):107-120.
[14]侯建华.攀枝花兰尖铁矿兰营采场边坡泥化夹层的成因探讨[J].四川地质学报,2003,23(2):167-169.HOU Jian-hua,On Genesis of argillated interbeds on the slope of the Lanying mining pit of the Lanjian iron mine in Panzhihua[J].Journal of Sichuan Geology,2003,23(2):167-169.
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