冻融作用下基桩竖向振动动力特性研究
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摘要
主要研究三维轴对称条件下饱和双层土中基桩竖向振动,通过建立饱和双层土中桩竖向振动问题的简化层间连续模型,求得了桩顶动力响应频域解析解及时域响应的半解析解,分析了冻融作用对基桩竖向振动的复动刚度的影响。提出在多年冻土地区或季节性冻土地区进行动力基础设计时,应以最不利情况为设计对象。对多年冻土,应以上部出现的最大融深来考虑,对季节性冻土,则应以未冻土来考虑。在多年冻土地区的动力基础施工中,应尽量保持地基的冻结状态,并指出冻融作用会对基桩的检测工作会产生一定的影响。
Dynamic responses of vertically vibrating pile were investigated under the axisymmetric condition.A simplified model to study the vertical vibration of pile installed in double layered saturated soil was founded firstly.Then an analytical solution in frequency domain and a semi-analytical solution in time domain were derived.The effects of frost and thaw on the complex stiffness of vertically vibrating pile were analyzed.A viewpoint was proposed that it should be based on the most disadvantageous situation for the dynamic foundation design in permafrost or seasonally frozen regions.For the permafrost,and for the seasonally frozen ground it should be based on the low limit of permafrost and on the unfrozen soil respectively.For the construction of foundation in the permafrost,the frozen soil should be maintained in its original state as rigorously as possible.Finally,the influence of the frost action on the pile test was illustrated.
Dynamic responses of vertically vibrating pile were investigated under the axisymmetric condition.A simplified model to study the vertical vibration of pile installed in double layered saturated soil was founded firstly.Then an analytical solution in frequency domain and a semi-analytical solution in time domain were derived.The effects of frost and thaw on the complex stiffness of vertically vibrating pile were analyzed.A viewpoint was proposed that it should be based on the most disadvantageous situation for the dynamic foundation design in permafrost or seasonally frozen regions.For the permafrost,and for the seasonally frozen ground it should be based on the low limit of permafrost and on the unfrozen soil respectively.For the construction of foundation in the permafrost,the frozen soil should be maintained in its original state as rigorously as possible.Finally,the influence of the frost action on the pile test was illustrated.
引文
[1]BERRONES R F,WHITEMAN R V.Seismic response of end-bearing piles[J].J Geotechnical Engng.1982,108(GT4):554–569.
[2]WANG T,WANG K H,XIE K H.An analytical solution to longitudinal vibration of a pile of arbitrary segments with variable modulus[J].ACTA Mechanica Solida Sinica,2001,14(1):67–73.
[3]王奎华.变截面阻抗桩纵向振动问题积分变换解[J].力学学报,2001,33(4):479–490.(WANG Kui-hua.A study on vertical vibration of pile with inhomogeneous cross section acoustic impedance with Laplace transform[J].Acta Mech Sinica,2001,33(4):479–490.)
[4]王奎华,应宏伟.广义Voigt土模型条件下桩的纵向振动响应与应用[J].固体力学学报,2003,24(3):293–303.(WANG Kui-hua.,YING Hong-wei.Vibration of inhomogeneous pile embedded in layered soils with general Voigt models[J].Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica,2003,24(3):293–303.)
[5]CHANG Der-Wen,ROESSET J M,WEN Chan-Hua.A time-domain viscous damping model based on frequency dependent damping ratios[J].Soil Dynamics Earthquake Engng,2000,19:551–558.
[6]NOVAK M,NOGAMI T,Fakhry Aboul-Ella.Dynamic soil reactions for plane strain case[J].J Engng Mech.1978,104(EM4):953–959.
[7]NOVAK M,FAKHRY Aboul-ella.Impedance functions of piles in layered media[J].J Engng Mech.1978,104(EM6):643–661.
[8]NOGAMI T,NOVAK M.Soil-pile interaction in vertical vibration[J].Earthq Engng Struct Dyn,1976,4:277–293.
[9]胡昌斌,王奎华,谢康和.基于平面应变假定基桩振动理论适用性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(5):595–601.(HU Chang-bin,WANG Kui-hua,XIE Kang-he.Study on theories of axially response of dynamically loaded single pile based on plain strain assumption[J].Chinese J Geotech Engng,2003,25(5):595–601.)
[10]MUKI R,STERNBERG E.Elastostatic load-transfer to a half-space from a partially embedded axially loaded rod[J].Int J Solids Struct,1970,6:69–90.
[11]FOWLER G F.The longitudinal harmonic excitation of a circular bar embedded in an elastic half-space[J].Int J Solids Structures,1978,14:999–1012.
[12]RAJAPAKSE R K N D,SHAH A H.On the longitudinal harmonic motion of an elastic bar embedded in an elastic half-space[J].Int J Solids Structures,1987,23(2):267–285.
[13]杨军,宋二祥,陈肇元.桩在饱和土水平振动的辐射阻尼简化算法[J].岩土力学,2002,23(2):179–183.(YANG Jun,SONG Er-xiang,CHENG Zhao-yuan.Simple radiation damping model for horizontal vibrated pile in saturated soil[J].Rock and Soil Mech,2002,23(2):179–183.)
[14]GAZETAS G.Simple radiation damping model for piles and footings[J].J Engng Mech,1984,110(6):937–956.
[15]ZENG X,RAJAPAKSE R K N D.Dynamic axial load transfer from elastic bar to poroelastic medium[J].J Engng Mech,1999,125(9):1048–1055.
[16]WANG J H,ZHOU X L,LU J F.Dynamic response of pile groups embedded in a poroelastic medium[J].Soil Dyn Earthq Engng,2003,23:235–242.
[17]JIN B,ZHOU D,Zhong Z.Lateral dynamic compliance of pile embedded in poroelastic half space[J].Soil Dynamics Earthquake Engng,2001,21:519–525.
[18]李强,王奎华,谢康和.饱和土中端承桩纵向振动特性研究[J].力学学报,2004,36(4):435–442.(LI Qiang,WANG Kui-hua,XIE Kang-he.Vertical vibration of an end bearing pile embedded in saturated soil[J].Acta Mech Sinica,2004,36(4):435–442.)
[19]李强,王奎华,谢康和.饱和土中桩振动引起的土阻抗因子分析研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(5):679–683.(LI Qiang,WANG Kui-hua,XIE Kang-he.Study on saturated soil resistance factor caused by pile longitudinal vibration[J].Chinese J Geotech Engng,2004,26(5):679–683.)
[20]李洪升,刘增利,朱元林.冻土断裂力学在桩基冻拔稳定计算中的应用[J].冰川冻土,1998,20(2):112–115.(LI Hong-shen,LIU Zeng-li,ZHU Yuan-lin.Application of fracture mechanics of frozen soil to the calculation of stability of pile foundation uplift[J].J Glaciology&Geocryology,1998,20(2):112–115.)
[21]邱明国,李海山,王珂.冻土中桩破坏模式的试验研究[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1999,32(5):39–42.(QIU Ming-guo,LI Hai-shan,WANG Ke.Experimetal study of failure pattern of pile in frozen soil[J].J Harbin Univ of C E and Arch,1999,32(5):39–42.)
[22]荆玉龙,安巍,宫志群.冻土地区土与结构相互作用的地震反应[J].低温建筑技术,2002,89(3):32.(XIN Yu-long,AN Wei,GONG Zhi-qun.Seismic response on interaction of soil and structure in frozen soil regions[J].Hypothermia Arch Tech,2002,89(3):32.)
[23]董承全,邵丕彦,谷牧.低应变反射波法在青藏铁路基桩质量检测中的应用及分析[J].中国铁道科学,2003,24(5):40–43.(DONG Chen-quan,SHAO Pi-yan,GU Mu.Application of low strain reflection wave method to Qinghai-Tibet Railway pile quality test and its analysis[J].China Railway Science,2003,24(5):40–43.))
[24]韩金河.对青藏高原冻土区基桩检测的初步认识[J].科技交流,2003,33(4):142–144.(HAN Jin-he.Primary study on pile integrity test in frozen region at Qinghai-Tibet plateau[J].Science&Technology Commun,2003,33(4):142–144.)
[25]李强,王奎华,谢康和.冻土声学测试中的异常现象分析[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(5):517–521.(LI Qiang,WANG Kui-hua,XIE Kang-he.Analysis of abnormal phenomenon on the acoustic test for frozen soils[J].J China Coal Society,2003,28(5):517–521.)
[26]Biot M A.Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid I[J].J Acoust Soc Am,1956,28(2):168–178.
[27]周幼吾,郭东信,邱国庆,等.中国冻土[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.(ZHOU You-wu,GUO Dong-xin,QIU Guo-qing,et al.Frozen soil in China[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000.)
[28]刘小宁,李庆祥.我国最大冻土深度变化及初步解释[J].应用气象学报,2003,14(3):299–308.(LIU Xiao-ning,LI Qing-xiang.Change of maximum frozen soil depth in China and its primary explanation[J].J Appl Meteorological Science,2003,14(3):299–308.)
[29]徐学燕,仲丛利,陈亚明,等.冻土的动力特性研究及其参数确定[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(5):77–81.(XU Xue-yan,ZHONG Cong-li,CHEN Ya-ming,et al.Research on dynamic character of frozen soil and determination of its parameters[J].Chinese J Geotech Engng,1998,20(5):77–81.)
[30]杨平,李强,郁楚候.人工冻土声波参数试验研究[J].冰川冻土,1997,19(2):149–153.(YANG Ping,LI Qiang,YU Chu-hou.An experimental study on the acoustic wave parameters of artificial frozen soil[J].J Glaciology&Geocryology,1997,19(2):149–153.)
[31]LECLAIRE Ph,COHEN-TENOUDJI F,AGUIRRE-PUENTE J.Extension of Biot’s theory of wave propagation to frozen porous media[J].J Acoust Soc Am,1994,96(6):3753–3768.
[2]WANG T,WANG K H,XIE K H.An analytical solution to longitudinal vibration of a pile of arbitrary segments with variable modulus[J].ACTA Mechanica Solida Sinica,2001,14(1):67–73.
[3]王奎华.变截面阻抗桩纵向振动问题积分变换解[J].力学学报,2001,33(4):479–490.(WANG Kui-hua.A study on vertical vibration of pile with inhomogeneous cross section acoustic impedance with Laplace transform[J].Acta Mech Sinica,2001,33(4):479–490.)
[4]王奎华,应宏伟.广义Voigt土模型条件下桩的纵向振动响应与应用[J].固体力学学报,2003,24(3):293–303.(WANG Kui-hua.,YING Hong-wei.Vibration of inhomogeneous pile embedded in layered soils with general Voigt models[J].Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica,2003,24(3):293–303.)
[5]CHANG Der-Wen,ROESSET J M,WEN Chan-Hua.A time-domain viscous damping model based on frequency dependent damping ratios[J].Soil Dynamics Earthquake Engng,2000,19:551–558.
[6]NOVAK M,NOGAMI T,Fakhry Aboul-Ella.Dynamic soil reactions for plane strain case[J].J Engng Mech.1978,104(EM4):953–959.
[7]NOVAK M,FAKHRY Aboul-ella.Impedance functions of piles in layered media[J].J Engng Mech.1978,104(EM6):643–661.
[8]NOGAMI T,NOVAK M.Soil-pile interaction in vertical vibration[J].Earthq Engng Struct Dyn,1976,4:277–293.
[9]胡昌斌,王奎华,谢康和.基于平面应变假定基桩振动理论适用性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(5):595–601.(HU Chang-bin,WANG Kui-hua,XIE Kang-he.Study on theories of axially response of dynamically loaded single pile based on plain strain assumption[J].Chinese J Geotech Engng,2003,25(5):595–601.)
[10]MUKI R,STERNBERG E.Elastostatic load-transfer to a half-space from a partially embedded axially loaded rod[J].Int J Solids Struct,1970,6:69–90.
[11]FOWLER G F.The longitudinal harmonic excitation of a circular bar embedded in an elastic half-space[J].Int J Solids Structures,1978,14:999–1012.
[12]RAJAPAKSE R K N D,SHAH A H.On the longitudinal harmonic motion of an elastic bar embedded in an elastic half-space[J].Int J Solids Structures,1987,23(2):267–285.
[13]杨军,宋二祥,陈肇元.桩在饱和土水平振动的辐射阻尼简化算法[J].岩土力学,2002,23(2):179–183.(YANG Jun,SONG Er-xiang,CHENG Zhao-yuan.Simple radiation damping model for horizontal vibrated pile in saturated soil[J].Rock and Soil Mech,2002,23(2):179–183.)
[14]GAZETAS G.Simple radiation damping model for piles and footings[J].J Engng Mech,1984,110(6):937–956.
[15]ZENG X,RAJAPAKSE R K N D.Dynamic axial load transfer from elastic bar to poroelastic medium[J].J Engng Mech,1999,125(9):1048–1055.
[16]WANG J H,ZHOU X L,LU J F.Dynamic response of pile groups embedded in a poroelastic medium[J].Soil Dyn Earthq Engng,2003,23:235–242.
[17]JIN B,ZHOU D,Zhong Z.Lateral dynamic compliance of pile embedded in poroelastic half space[J].Soil Dynamics Earthquake Engng,2001,21:519–525.
[18]李强,王奎华,谢康和.饱和土中端承桩纵向振动特性研究[J].力学学报,2004,36(4):435–442.(LI Qiang,WANG Kui-hua,XIE Kang-he.Vertical vibration of an end bearing pile embedded in saturated soil[J].Acta Mech Sinica,2004,36(4):435–442.)
[19]李强,王奎华,谢康和.饱和土中桩振动引起的土阻抗因子分析研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(5):679–683.(LI Qiang,WANG Kui-hua,XIE Kang-he.Study on saturated soil resistance factor caused by pile longitudinal vibration[J].Chinese J Geotech Engng,2004,26(5):679–683.)
[20]李洪升,刘增利,朱元林.冻土断裂力学在桩基冻拔稳定计算中的应用[J].冰川冻土,1998,20(2):112–115.(LI Hong-shen,LIU Zeng-li,ZHU Yuan-lin.Application of fracture mechanics of frozen soil to the calculation of stability of pile foundation uplift[J].J Glaciology&Geocryology,1998,20(2):112–115.)
[21]邱明国,李海山,王珂.冻土中桩破坏模式的试验研究[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1999,32(5):39–42.(QIU Ming-guo,LI Hai-shan,WANG Ke.Experimetal study of failure pattern of pile in frozen soil[J].J Harbin Univ of C E and Arch,1999,32(5):39–42.)
[22]荆玉龙,安巍,宫志群.冻土地区土与结构相互作用的地震反应[J].低温建筑技术,2002,89(3):32.(XIN Yu-long,AN Wei,GONG Zhi-qun.Seismic response on interaction of soil and structure in frozen soil regions[J].Hypothermia Arch Tech,2002,89(3):32.)
[23]董承全,邵丕彦,谷牧.低应变反射波法在青藏铁路基桩质量检测中的应用及分析[J].中国铁道科学,2003,24(5):40–43.(DONG Chen-quan,SHAO Pi-yan,GU Mu.Application of low strain reflection wave method to Qinghai-Tibet Railway pile quality test and its analysis[J].China Railway Science,2003,24(5):40–43.))
[24]韩金河.对青藏高原冻土区基桩检测的初步认识[J].科技交流,2003,33(4):142–144.(HAN Jin-he.Primary study on pile integrity test in frozen region at Qinghai-Tibet plateau[J].Science&Technology Commun,2003,33(4):142–144.)
[25]李强,王奎华,谢康和.冻土声学测试中的异常现象分析[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(5):517–521.(LI Qiang,WANG Kui-hua,XIE Kang-he.Analysis of abnormal phenomenon on the acoustic test for frozen soils[J].J China Coal Society,2003,28(5):517–521.)
[26]Biot M A.Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid I[J].J Acoust Soc Am,1956,28(2):168–178.
[27]周幼吾,郭东信,邱国庆,等.中国冻土[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.(ZHOU You-wu,GUO Dong-xin,QIU Guo-qing,et al.Frozen soil in China[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000.)
[28]刘小宁,李庆祥.我国最大冻土深度变化及初步解释[J].应用气象学报,2003,14(3):299–308.(LIU Xiao-ning,LI Qing-xiang.Change of maximum frozen soil depth in China and its primary explanation[J].J Appl Meteorological Science,2003,14(3):299–308.)
[29]徐学燕,仲丛利,陈亚明,等.冻土的动力特性研究及其参数确定[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(5):77–81.(XU Xue-yan,ZHONG Cong-li,CHEN Ya-ming,et al.Research on dynamic character of frozen soil and determination of its parameters[J].Chinese J Geotech Engng,1998,20(5):77–81.)
[30]杨平,李强,郁楚候.人工冻土声波参数试验研究[J].冰川冻土,1997,19(2):149–153.(YANG Ping,LI Qiang,YU Chu-hou.An experimental study on the acoustic wave parameters of artificial frozen soil[J].J Glaciology&Geocryology,1997,19(2):149–153.)
[31]LECLAIRE Ph,COHEN-TENOUDJI F,AGUIRRE-PUENTE J.Extension of Biot’s theory of wave propagation to frozen porous media[J].J Acoust Soc Am,1994,96(6):3753–3768.
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