长江三峡链子崖危岩体防治工程效果研究
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摘要
长江三峡链子崖危岩体防治工程于1995年5月开工,1999年8月竣工,历时51个月。至2004年底,工程效果监测已超过5a,且经受了2003年6月以来三峡水库139m蓄水位的检验。危岩体变形监测、地压监测和整体稳定性计算三方面结合可以作为评价工程治理效果的依据。地表和地下监测点总体变形速率由治理前水平速率接近2．0mm/a、垂直速率约1．5mm/a转为治理后水平速率小于1．0mm/a、垂直速率小于0．75mm/a,证明危岩体逐步稳定。施工过程中主要监测点水平速率为8．0～18．8mm/a,垂直速率为8．0～21．0mm/a,说明危岩体对施工扰动是敏感的。危岩体底部煤层采空区混凝土承重阻滑键体顶面的地压数据在2002年以后基本稳定,地压记录多数为2．0～10．0MPa,最大地压值为18．08MPa,最小地压值为-0．8MPa,证明危岩体以煤层采空区为底界的悬板偏压作用机制导致的应力集中区和负压区确实存在。2003年6月以后三峡水库蓄水至139m,淹没了煤层采空区治理工程,但整个危岩体变形速率无明显变化,地压监测记录的最大变化量小于0．01MPa。根据煤层采空区顶板与混凝土承重阻滑键体接触带现场原位大尺度(1m×1m)岩体力学试验求取的强度参数进行危岩体稳定性校核计算,得出链子崖防治工程达到正常荷载下稳定系数大于1．30(治理前为1．062),特殊荷载下大于1．15的设计目标。
The Lianziya dangerous rock-body control engineering in Three Gorges Reservoir of Yangtze River lasted 51 months from beginning in May,1995 to finishing in Aug.of 1999.Engineering effect monitoring conducted for five years for Lianziya up to Dec.of 2004 and tested by water table 139 m of Three Gorges Reservoir after Jun.in 2003.Three factors,i.e.monitoring data about deformation in the surface of Lianziya, pressure in coal mined-out area and calculation results of stability,are united as a scientific criterion to access engineering control effects.It can be seen from deformation monitoring data that Lianziya becomes stable gradually because the horizontal displacement velocity is decreased from about 2.0 mm/a to less than 1.0 mm/a and vertical displacement velocity from about 1.5 mm/a to less than 0.75 mm/a before and after engineering control.Lianziya stability is extremely susceptible to response to constructing activity in coal mined-out area, where the horizontal velocity of surface monitoring points was about 8.0 - 18.8 mm/a and vertical velocity about 8.0- 21.0 mm/a in engineering working period from May of 1995 to Aug.of 1999.It is proved that stress concentration and relaxation belt is existent resulting from the effect of cantilever plate with inclined pressure in coal mined-out area.In the lowest layer most of pressure data on the concrete key system for bearing pressure and anti-sliding are between 2.0 and 10.0 MPa,but the maximum and minimum values are 18.08 and -0.8 MPa, respectively.All the data are almost constant since Jan.of 2002.Displacement velocity change is not obvious and pressure values change is less than 0.01 MPa in Lianziya when water table rises to 139 m in Three Gorges Reservoir of Yangtze River after Jun.of 2003.Lianziya control engineering has achieved designing goal based on the stability coefficient greater than 1.15 in special loading condition and 1.30 in general.The large size(1 mx 1 m) rockmass mechanics test was made in field to obtain the strength parameters for stability calculation of the engineering.
The Lianziya dangerous rock-body control engineering in Three Gorges Reservoir of Yangtze River lasted 51 months from beginning in May,1995 to finishing in Aug.of 1999.Engineering effect monitoring conducted for five years for Lianziya up to Dec.of 2004 and tested by water table 139 m of Three Gorges Reservoir after Jun.in 2003.Three factors,i.e.monitoring data about deformation in the surface of Lianziya, pressure in coal mined-out area and calculation results of stability,are united as a scientific criterion to access engineering control effects.It can be seen from deformation monitoring data that Lianziya becomes stable gradually because the horizontal displacement velocity is decreased from about 2.0 mm/a to less than 1.0 mm/a and vertical displacement velocity from about 1.5 mm/a to less than 0.75 mm/a before and after engineering control.Lianziya stability is extremely susceptible to response to constructing activity in coal mined-out area, where the horizontal velocity of surface monitoring points was about 8.0 - 18.8 mm/a and vertical velocity about 8.0- 21.0 mm/a in engineering working period from May of 1995 to Aug.of 1999.It is proved that stress concentration and relaxation belt is existent resulting from the effect of cantilever plate with inclined pressure in coal mined-out area.In the lowest layer most of pressure data on the concrete key system for bearing pressure and anti-sliding are between 2.0 and 10.0 MPa,but the maximum and minimum values are 18.08 and -0.8 MPa, respectively.All the data are almost constant since Jan.of 2002.Displacement velocity change is not obvious and pressure values change is less than 0.01 MPa in Lianziya when water table rises to 139 m in Three Gorges Reservoir of Yangtze River after Jun.of 2003.Lianziya control engineering has achieved designing goal based on the stability coefficient greater than 1.15 in special loading condition and 1.30 in general.The large size(1 mx 1 m) rockmass mechanics test was made in field to obtain the strength parameters for stability calculation of the engineering.
引文
[1]刘传正，施韬，张明霞．链子崖危岩体T_8～T_(12)缝段开裂变形机制的研究[J]．工程地质学报，1995，3(2)：29—41．(Liu Chuanzheng，Shi Tao,Zhang Mingxia.On the mechanism of deforming-cracking on the segment of cracks T_8-T_(12) of Lianzi cliff dangerous rock body[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,1995,3(2):29-41.(in Chinese))
[2]刘传正，张明霞．长江三峡链子崖危岩体防治工程研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，1999，18(5)：524—528．(Liu Chuanzheng，Zhang Mingxia.Research on the control engineering of Lianzi cliff dangerous rockbody in the Three Gorges of Yangtze River[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(5):524-528.(in Chinese))
[3]刘传正，张明霞链子崖T_(11)-～T_(12)缝段危岩体开裂变形机制[J]．地学前缘，1996，3(1/2)：234—240．(Liu Chuanzheng，Zhang Mingxia Mechanisms of deforming-cracking on the segment of cracks T_(11)-T_(12) of Lianzi cliff dangerous rock body[J].Earth Science Frontiers,1996,3(1/2):234-240.(in Chinese))
[4]刘传正，张明霞，高道华．链子崖危岩体煤层采空区治理工程优化设计与施工反馈[A]见：第4届全国青年工程地质大会论文选集[C]．武汉：中国地质大学出版社，1997．177-184．(Liu Chuanzheng，Zhang Mingxia,Gao Daohua.Optimum design of coal mined-out area of Lianziya cliff dangerous rockmass and its precise respond[A],In:Proc.of the 4th National Youth Engineering Geology Congress[C].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,1997.177-184.(in Chinese))
[5]刘传正，张明霞，高道华链子崖T_8～T_(12)缝区防治工程方案的比选优化[A]见：环境地质研究[C]北京：地震出版社，1996．37-44.(Liu Chuanzheng,Zhang Mingxia,Gao Daohua.Optimum seeking of engineering processing programs for T_8-T_(12) fissures-segment of Lianziya dangerous rockmass[A].In:Environmental Geology Study[C].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1996.37-44.(in Chinese))
[6]张明霞，刘传正．链子崖T_8～T_(12)缝段地下水的侵蚀性及其工程对策[J]．地质灾害与环境保护，1996，7(1)：55-60(Zhang Mingxia，Liu Chuanzheng.Groundwater erosion and engineering control of T_8-T_(12) cracks segment of Lianziya cliff dangerous rock body[J],Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,1996,7(1):55-60.(in Chinese))
[7]刘传正，张明霞，徐开祥，链子崖煤层采空区特征与地压分布规律[J]．中国地质灾害与防治学报，1998，9(3)：71—77．(Liu Chuanzheng,Zhang Mingxia,Xu Kaixiang.Relation between coal mined-out area and its geopressure distribution at the bottom of Lianzi cliff dangerous rock body[J].The Chinese Journal of Geolgical Hazard and Control,1998,9(3):71-77.(in Chinese))
[8]刘传正．链于崖防治工程研究进展与问题[J]．中国地质灾害与防治学报，1998，9(增)：322-328(Liu Chuanzheng.Some achievements and further problems in the Lianzi cliff control engineering research[J].The Chinese Journal of Geolgical Hazard and Control,1998,9(Supp.):322-328.(in Chinese))
[9]刘传正．地质灾害防治工程设计的基本问题[J]．水文地质工程地质,1995,22(1):7-11.(Liu Chuanzheng.Some designing viewpoints on the geological hazards control engineering[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1995,22(1):7-11.(in Chinese))
[10]Liu C Z,Zhang M X,Xu K X.Research in the control engineering of Lianziya dangerous rockbody in the Three Gorges of Yangtze River[A].In:Proceedings of the 8th International IAEG Congress[C].Vancouver,Canada:[s.n.],1998.1277-1283.
[11]刘传正，张明霞．链子崖危岩体地下开挖与地面动态响应研究[A]．见：中国岩石力学与工程学会第6次学术大会论文集——新世纪岩石力学与工程的开拓和发展[C]．北京：中国科学技术出版社，2000．664-667.(Liu Chuanzheng,Zhang Mingxia.Dynamic analysis about the ground deformation induced by underground cutting at Lianziya dangerous rockbody in the Three Gorges of Yangtze River[A].In:Proceedings of the 6th Congress of Chinese Rock Mechanics and Engineering-Development of Chinese Rock Mechanics andEngineering in New Century[C].Beijing:Chinese Science andTechnology Publishing House,2000.664-667.(in Chinese))
[12]刘传正．论地质灾害防治工程[J]．水文地质工程地质，1996，23(3)：29-32.(Liu Chuanzheng.On Engineering control of geological hazards[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1996,23(3):29-32.(in Chinese))
[13]刘传正．论地质灾害防治工程的地质观与工程观[J]．工程地质学报,1997,5(4):368-374.(Liu Chuanzheng.Discussion on some viewpoints of geological hazards control from geology and engineering design[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,1997,5(4):368-374.(in Chinese))
[14]刘传正．地质灾害防治工程的理论与技术[J]．工程地质学报，2000,8(1):100-108.(Liu Chuanzheng.Theory and engineering technology for control on geological hazards[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2000,8(1):100-108.(in Chinese))
[2]刘传正，张明霞．长江三峡链子崖危岩体防治工程研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，1999，18(5)：524—528．(Liu Chuanzheng，Zhang Mingxia.Research on the control engineering of Lianzi cliff dangerous rockbody in the Three Gorges of Yangtze River[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(5):524-528.(in Chinese))
[3]刘传正，张明霞链子崖T_(11)-～T_(12)缝段危岩体开裂变形机制[J]．地学前缘，1996，3(1/2)：234—240．(Liu Chuanzheng，Zhang Mingxia Mechanisms of deforming-cracking on the segment of cracks T_(11)-T_(12) of Lianzi cliff dangerous rock body[J].Earth Science Frontiers,1996,3(1/2):234-240.(in Chinese))
[4]刘传正，张明霞，高道华．链子崖危岩体煤层采空区治理工程优化设计与施工反馈[A]见：第4届全国青年工程地质大会论文选集[C]．武汉：中国地质大学出版社，1997．177-184．(Liu Chuanzheng，Zhang Mingxia,Gao Daohua.Optimum design of coal mined-out area of Lianziya cliff dangerous rockmass and its precise respond[A],In:Proc.of the 4th National Youth Engineering Geology Congress[C].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,1997.177-184.(in Chinese))
[5]刘传正，张明霞，高道华链子崖T_8～T_(12)缝区防治工程方案的比选优化[A]见：环境地质研究[C]北京：地震出版社，1996．37-44.(Liu Chuanzheng,Zhang Mingxia,Gao Daohua.Optimum seeking of engineering processing programs for T_8-T_(12) fissures-segment of Lianziya dangerous rockmass[A].In:Environmental Geology Study[C].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1996.37-44.(in Chinese))
[6]张明霞，刘传正．链子崖T_8～T_(12)缝段地下水的侵蚀性及其工程对策[J]．地质灾害与环境保护，1996，7(1)：55-60(Zhang Mingxia，Liu Chuanzheng.Groundwater erosion and engineering control of T_8-T_(12) cracks segment of Lianziya cliff dangerous rock body[J],Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,1996,7(1):55-60.(in Chinese))
[7]刘传正，张明霞，徐开祥，链子崖煤层采空区特征与地压分布规律[J]．中国地质灾害与防治学报，1998，9(3)：71—77．(Liu Chuanzheng,Zhang Mingxia,Xu Kaixiang.Relation between coal mined-out area and its geopressure distribution at the bottom of Lianzi cliff dangerous rock body[J].The Chinese Journal of Geolgical Hazard and Control,1998,9(3):71-77.(in Chinese))
[8]刘传正．链于崖防治工程研究进展与问题[J]．中国地质灾害与防治学报，1998，9(增)：322-328(Liu Chuanzheng.Some achievements and further problems in the Lianzi cliff control engineering research[J].The Chinese Journal of Geolgical Hazard and Control,1998,9(Supp.):322-328.(in Chinese))
[9]刘传正．地质灾害防治工程设计的基本问题[J]．水文地质工程地质,1995,22(1):7-11.(Liu Chuanzheng.Some designing viewpoints on the geological hazards control engineering[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1995,22(1):7-11.(in Chinese))
[10]Liu C Z,Zhang M X,Xu K X.Research in the control engineering of Lianziya dangerous rockbody in the Three Gorges of Yangtze River[A].In:Proceedings of the 8th International IAEG Congress[C].Vancouver,Canada:[s.n.],1998.1277-1283.
[11]刘传正，张明霞．链子崖危岩体地下开挖与地面动态响应研究[A]．见：中国岩石力学与工程学会第6次学术大会论文集——新世纪岩石力学与工程的开拓和发展[C]．北京：中国科学技术出版社，2000．664-667.(Liu Chuanzheng,Zhang Mingxia.Dynamic analysis about the ground deformation induced by underground cutting at Lianziya dangerous rockbody in the Three Gorges of Yangtze River[A].In:Proceedings of the 6th Congress of Chinese Rock Mechanics and Engineering-Development of Chinese Rock Mechanics andEngineering in New Century[C].Beijing:Chinese Science andTechnology Publishing House,2000.664-667.(in Chinese))
[12]刘传正．论地质灾害防治工程[J]．水文地质工程地质，1996，23(3)：29-32.(Liu Chuanzheng.On Engineering control of geological hazards[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1996,23(3):29-32.(in Chinese))
[13]刘传正．论地质灾害防治工程的地质观与工程观[J]．工程地质学报,1997,5(4):368-374.(Liu Chuanzheng.Discussion on some viewpoints of geological hazards control from geology and engineering design[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,1997,5(4):368-374.(in Chinese))
[14]刘传正．地质灾害防治工程的理论与技术[J]．工程地质学报，2000,8(1):100-108.(Liu Chuanzheng.Theory and engineering technology for control on geological hazards[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2000,8(1):100-108.(in Chinese))
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