龙门山断裂系及邻区地壳重力均衡效应与汶川地震
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摘要
龙门山断裂系位于松潘—甘孜山地与成都盆地平原之间,地形高差达3500±500 m.根据重力资料给出四川中西部成都盆地、龙门山、邛崃山区、松潘等川西山地(102°E~105°E,30°N~33°N)的地壳厚度(Moho界面深度)分布.为了探究汶川大地震孕育与发生的原因,将其与据艾里(Airy)大陆均衡理论给出的理论均衡地壳厚度进行对比分析,以探讨该地区的地壳均衡状态.研究结果表明:龙门山断裂带系及以西地区深部地壳是处于很不均衡的状态.为了深化认识重力均衡与大地震的相关性,尚需对该地区深部结构与地壳重力均衡效应作精细研究.同时,本文上述研究结果亦有益于震后确定城镇布局和为不同类型建筑物重建选址方面提供深部要素.
Longmenshan fault belt is located between Songpan-Garze terrane and Sichuan basin,the altitude difference of terrane is 3500±500 m.Based on the data of Bouguer gravity anomalies,the distribution of crustal thickness(Moho depth) in the Chengdu Basin,Longmenshan tectonic zone,Qionglaishan Mt,western Sichuan Mountains and their adjacent area(102°E~105°E,30°N~33°N) are obtained.For the research of the causes about brewing and generation of the Wenchuan violent earthquake,meanwhile,the theoretic isostatic crustal thickness D in this research area are obtained according to the Airy′s isostatic theory.After that,the distributions of D and Moho depth in this research area are compared mutually for probe into the crustal isostatic state.The results indicated that the deep crust in Longmen Shan fault belt and the adjacent region of its western part are in a very non-isostatic state,which means that the crust in this area is in non-stationary state.The precise crustal structure and gravity isostatic compensation of earth crust must be researched profoundly for the study of the relationship of gravity isostatic effect and violent earthquake.This research results may provide deep factors for the selection of location,re-construction of buildings, layout of towns and villages after earthquake.
Longmenshan fault belt is located between Songpan-Garze terrane and Sichuan basin,the altitude difference of terrane is 3500±500 m.Based on the data of Bouguer gravity anomalies,the distribution of crustal thickness(Moho depth) in the Chengdu Basin,Longmenshan tectonic zone,Qionglaishan Mt,western Sichuan Mountains and their adjacent area(102°E~105°E,30°N~33°N) are obtained.For the research of the causes about brewing and generation of the Wenchuan violent earthquake,meanwhile,the theoretic isostatic crustal thickness D in this research area are obtained according to the Airy′s isostatic theory.After that,the distributions of D and Moho depth in this research area are compared mutually for probe into the crustal isostatic state.The results indicated that the deep crust in Longmen Shan fault belt and the adjacent region of its western part are in a very non-isostatic state,which means that the crust in this area is in non-stationary state.The precise crustal structure and gravity isostatic compensation of earth crust must be researched profoundly for the study of the relationship of gravity isostatic effect and violent earthquake.This research results may provide deep factors for the selection of location,re-construction of buildings, layout of towns and villages after earthquake.
引文
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[16]刘超,张勇,许力生,陈运泰.一种矩张量反演新方法及其对2008年汶川Ms8.0地震序列的应用[J].地震学报,2008,30(4):329~339.Liu C,Zhang Y,Xu L S,Chen Y T.A new technique formenent tensor inversion with applications to the 2008 Wen-chuanMs8.0 earthquake sequence[J].Acta SeismologicaSinica.2008,30(4):329~339.
[17]陈运泰.汶川特大地震的震级和断层长度[J].科技导报,2008,26(10):26~27.Chen Y T.On the Magnitude and the Fault length of theGreat Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Science&Technology Re-riew,2008,26(10):26~27.
[18]滕吉文.地球内部物质、能量交换与资源和灾害[J].地学前缘,2001,8(3):1~8.Teng J W.The exchange of substance and energy differentsphere coupling and deep dynamical process within the earth[J].Earth Science Fromtiers,2001,8(3):1~8.
[2]滕吉文.地震“孕育”、发生和发展的深部介质和构造环境的探讨[A].第四届海峡两岸地震科技研讨会,即台湾地区强地面运动观测研讨会(四)论文集[C].台湾,2001,151~153.Teng J W.Discussion on the deep media and tectonic environ-ment of the earthquake“pregnancy”,occurence and develop-ment,Discussion for the deep medium and tectonic environ-ment of the earthquake pregnancy,generate and development[A],Symposium of the 4th seismological science and technol-ogy seminar of the cross-strait,as well as the strong earth sur-face motion observation seminar in Taiwan[C],2001,15~153,Taipei.
[3]王卫民,赵连峰,李娟,等.四川汶川8.0级地震震源过程[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1403~1410.Wang W M,Zhao L F,Li J,et al.Rupture process of theMs8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan,China[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Geophysics,2008,51(5):1403~1410.
[4]张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等.2008年汶川8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速、复发周期和构造成因[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1066~1073.Zhang P Z,Xu X W,Wen X Z,et al.Slip rates and recurrenceintervals of the Longmen Shan active fault zone,and tectonicimplications for the mechanism of the May 12 Wenchuan earth-quake,2008,Sichuan,China[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in chi-nese),2008,51(4):1066~1073.
[5]王谦身,张赤军,安玉林,蒋福珍.重力学[M].北京,地震出版社,2003.Wang Q S,Zhang C J,An Y L,Jiang F Z.Gravity[M].Bei-jing,Seismology Press,2003.
[6]刘元龙,王谦身,武传真.喜玛拉雅山脉中部地区的地壳构造及其地质意义探讨[J].地球物理学报,1977,20(2):143~149.Liu Y L,Wang Q S,Wu C Z.A preliminary study of thecrustal structure and the geological significance of the centralportion of the Himalayan mountain region[J].Chinese Journalof Geophysics,1977,20(2):143~149.
[7]中国地质调查局发展研究中心.汶川地震灾区重力异常图[A],国家汶川地震专家委员会,汶川地震灾区地震—地质灾害图集[C].北京,中国地图出版社,2008.Development and research center of China geological survey.Bouguer gravity anomaly distribution map around Wenchuan[A],National experts committee of Wenchuan Ms8.0 earth-quake,Atlas of the seismology and geological disaster aroundWenchuan earthquake region[C],Beijing,Sinomaps Press,2008.
[8]楼海,王椿镛.川滇地区重力异常的小波分解与解释[J].地震学报,27(5),515~523Lou H,Wang C Y.Wavelet analysis and interpretation ofgravity data in Sichuan-Yunnan region,China[J].Acta ofSeismologica Sinica,2005,27(5):515~523.
[9]刘元龙,等.用地球物理资料研究中国深部地壳构造及矿产分布[J].长春地质学院学报,1993,23(4):430~438.Liu Y L,et al.The study of deep crustal tectonics and distri-bution of mineral products in China by using geophysical data[J].Journal of Changchun Geological Institute,1993,23(4):430~438.
[10]王椿镛,楼海,吕智勇,等.青藏高原东部上地幔S波速度结构[J].中国科学D辑地球科学,2008,38(1):22~32.Wang C Y,Lou H,LüZ Y,et al.The velocity structure ofupper mantle S wave beneath eastern part of Tibetan Plateau[J].Science in China,Ser.D,2008,38(1):22~32.
[11]徐锡伟,张培震,闻学泽,等.川西及其邻近地区活动构造基本特征与强震复发模型[J].地震地质,2005,27(3):446~461.Xu X W,Zhang P Z,Wen X Z,et al.Features of activeteotonics and recurrence behaviors of strong earthquakes inthe western Sichuan province and its adjacent regions[J].Seismology and Geology,2005,27(3):446~461.
[12]曹秋鹏,贾东,朱艾斓,等.青藏高原东缘龙门山冲断带与四川盆地的现今构造表现;数字地形和地震活动证据[J].地质科学,2007,42(1):31~44.Jia Qiupeng,Jia Dong,Zhu Ailan,et al.Active tectonics inthe Longmen thrust belt to the Eastern Qinghai—TibetanPlateau and Sichuan Basin:Evidence from topography andseismicity[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2007,42(1):31~44.
[13]熊熊,滕吉文.青藏高原东缘地壳运动与深层过程研究[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(4):507~515.Xiong X,Teng J W.Study on crustal movement and deepprocess in Eastrn Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Geophysics,2002,45(4):507~515.
[14]滕吉文,杨辉,闫雅芬,等.汶川8级大地震的发生与壳、幔速度结构和动力机制[J].地质学报,2009,84(1)(待发表).Teng J W,Yang H,Yan Y F,et al.The velocity structureof crust and upper mantle and dynamical mechanism.ActaGeologica Sinica,2009,84(1)(awaiting issus).
[15]王学友,W.D.Mooney,韩果花,等.台湾—阿尔泰地学断面阿尔金—龙门山剖面的地壳纵波速度结构[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1):98~106.Wang X Y,Mooney W D,Han G H,et al.Crustal P wavevelocity structure from Altgn Tagh to Longmen mountains a-long the Taiwan-Altag geoscience transect[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Geophysics,2005,48(1):98~106.
[16]刘超,张勇,许力生,陈运泰.一种矩张量反演新方法及其对2008年汶川Ms8.0地震序列的应用[J].地震学报,2008,30(4):329~339.Liu C,Zhang Y,Xu L S,Chen Y T.A new technique formenent tensor inversion with applications to the 2008 Wen-chuanMs8.0 earthquake sequence[J].Acta SeismologicaSinica.2008,30(4):329~339.
[17]陈运泰.汶川特大地震的震级和断层长度[J].科技导报,2008,26(10):26~27.Chen Y T.On the Magnitude and the Fault length of theGreat Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Science&Technology Re-riew,2008,26(10):26~27.
[18]滕吉文.地球内部物质、能量交换与资源和灾害[J].地学前缘,2001,8(3):1~8.Teng J W.The exchange of substance and energy differentsphere coupling and deep dynamical process within the earth[J].Earth Science Fromtiers,2001,8(3):1~8.
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