深部岩体的构造和变形与破坏问题
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摘要
随着经济建设与国防建设的不断发展,地下空间开发不断走向深部,如逾千米乃至数千米的矿山(如金川镍矿和南非金矿等)、水电工程埋深逾千米的引水隧道、核废料的深层地质处置、深地下防护工程(如700m防护岩层下的北美防空司令部)等。伴随着深部岩体工程响应发生了一系列新的特征科学现象,这些特征科学现象与浅部岩体工程响应相比具有迥异的特点,而且用传统的连续介质力学理论无法圆满地进行解释,从而引起了国际上岩石力学工程领域专家学者的极大关注,成为近几年该领域研究的热点。根据深部岩体的构造特点、高地应力及含能和非协调变形的特点,围绕深部岩体工程响应发生的静、动力特征科学现象,提出了深部岩体的构造和变形与破坏需要研究的科学问题。
With the development of national economy and defenset,he depth of underground engineering becomes deeper and deeper,such as mines with depth of thousand to several thousands meters(for example,Jinchuan nickel mines and golden mines in South Africa),diversion tunnels with depth of more than thousand meters for hydropower engineering,deep geological deposition of nuclear waste,deep underground protection engineering(for example,air defense headquarter in northern American in 700 m deep underground rock).The engineering response of deep rock mass shows several new characteristic scientific phenomena.In comparison with responses of shallow rock engineering,these new characteristic scientific phenomena have quite different features,and can not be explained by traditional continuum mechanics completely.They attract the attentions of scholars and engineers in the fields of geotechnical engineering and rock mechanics in the world,and become the focus of the study in these fields for last several years.A new branch of rock mechanics-nonlinear deep rock mechanics is being established.The tectonic,deformation and failure problems of deep rock are suggested according to the static and dynamic characteristic scientific phenomena and the characteristics of deep rock,such as the block structure feature,the state of high earth stress,the stored energy and the nonlinearity,discontinuity and incompatibility of deformation.
With the development of national economy and defenset,he depth of underground engineering becomes deeper and deeper,such as mines with depth of thousand to several thousands meters(for example,Jinchuan nickel mines and golden mines in South Africa),diversion tunnels with depth of more than thousand meters for hydropower engineering,deep geological deposition of nuclear waste,deep underground protection engineering(for example,air defense headquarter in northern American in 700 m deep underground rock).The engineering response of deep rock mass shows several new characteristic scientific phenomena.In comparison with responses of shallow rock engineering,these new characteristic scientific phenomena have quite different features,and can not be explained by traditional continuum mechanics completely.They attract the attentions of scholars and engineers in the fields of geotechnical engineering and rock mechanics in the world,and become the focus of the study in these fields for last several years.A new branch of rock mechanics-nonlinear deep rock mechanics is being established.The tectonic,deformation and failure problems of deep rock are suggested according to the static and dynamic characteristic scientific phenomena and the characteristics of deep rock,such as the block structure feature,the state of high earth stress,the stored energy and the nonlinearity,discontinuity and incompatibility of deformation.
引文
[1]钱七虎.深部地下空间开发中的关键科学问题[R].南京:解放军理工大学工程兵工程学院,2004.(Qian Qihu.Key science problems for deep underground space excavation[R].Nanjing:Engineering Institute of Engineering Corps,PLA University of Science and Technology,2004.(in Chinese))
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[10]王明洋,戚承志,钱七虎.深部岩体块系介质变形与运动特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2 825-2 830.(Wang Mingyang,Qi Chengzhi,Qian Qihu.Study on deformation and motion characteristics of blocks in deep rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2 825-2 830.(in Chinese))
[11]卡恰诺夫L M.塑性理论基础[M].周承倜译.北京:人民教育出版社,1983.(Kachanov L M.Foundations of Plasticity Theory[M].Translated by Zhou Chengti.Beijing:People′s Education Press,1983.(in Chinese))
[12]Kocharyan G G.,Spivak A A.Movement of rock blocks during large-scale underground explosions,part I:experimental data[J].Journal of Mining Science,2001,37(1):64-76.
[13]戚承志,王明洋,赵跃堂,等.关于地质材料内部构造层次的若干模型世界[J].地震工程,2003,19(1):70-76.(Qi Chengzhi,Wang Mingyang,Zhao Yuetang,et al.On some models of internal structural hierarchy of geomaterials[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2003,19(1):70-76.(in Chinese))
[14]王明洋,赵跃堂,钱七虎.饱和砂土动力特性及数值方法研究[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(6):737-742.(Wang Mingyang,Zhao Yuetang,Qian Qihu.Study on dynamic behaviour and numerical method for saturated sand[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(6):737-742.(in Chinese))
[15]陈宗基,康文法.岩石的封闭应力、蠕变和扩容及本构方程[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,10(4):299-312.(Tan Tjongkie,Kang Wenfa.Locked in stresses,creep and dilatancy of rocks and constitutive equations[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1991,10(4):299-312.(in Chinese))
[16]王明洋,邓宏见,钱七虎.岩石中侵彻与爆炸作用的近区问题研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2 859-2 863.(Wang Mingyang,Deng Hongjian,Qian Qihu.Study on problems of near cavity of penetration and explosion in rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2 859-2 863.(in Chinese))
[17]Adushkin V V,Spivak A A.Geomechanics of Large-scale Explosions[M].Moscow:Nedra,1993.
[18]Kurlenya M V,Adushkin V V,Oparin V N.Alternating reaction of rocks to dynamic action,Doklady AN SSSR[J].Geotectonics,1992,26(2):323-329.
[19]Kurlenya M V,Oparin V N.Problems of nonlinear geomechanics,part II[J].Fiz.Tekh.Probl.Razrab.Polezn.Iskop.,2000,4:305-326.
[2]Sadovskii M A.Natural lumpiness of rock[J].Dokl.Akad.Nauk SSR,1979,247(4):829-832.
[3]Kurlenya M V,Oparin V N.Problems of nonlinear geomechanics part I[J].Fiz.Tekh.Probl.Razrab.Polezn.Iskop.,1999,3:435-442.
[4]Revuzhenko P.Mechanics of Elastoplastic Media and Nonstandard Analysis[M].Novosbirsk:Izd NGU,2000.
[5]陈宗基.地下巷道长期稳定性的力学问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1982,1(1):1-20.(Tan Tjongkie.The mechanical problems for the long-term stability of ground galleries[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1982,1(1):1-20.(in Chinese))
[6]尼基福罗夫斯基ВС,舍马金ЕИ.固体动力破碎[M].余静,彭庆霁译.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1984.(НикифоровскийВС,ШемякияЕИ.Post-yield Fracture Mechanics[M].Translated by Yu Jing,Peng Qingji.Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1984.(in Chinese))
[7]葛修润.周期荷载作用下岩石疲劳破坏及变形发展规律研究[A].见:第八次全国岩石力学与工程学术大会论文集[C].北京:科学出版社,2004.23-31.(Ge Xiurun.Studies on the fatigue failure and deformation evolution of rock under cycle loading[A].In:Proceedings of the 8th Conference of Chinese Rock Mechanics and Engineering[C].Beijing:Science Press,2004.23-31.(in Chinese))
[8]ШемякинЕИ.Оразрушениигорныхпородах[J].вближнойзонеподземноговзрываВзрывноедело,1999,92(49):7-19.
[9]陈士林,钱七虎,王明洋.深部坑道围岩的变形与承载能力研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(13):2 203-2 211.(Chen Shilin,Qian Qihu,Wang Mingyang.Problems of deformation and bearing capability of mass around deep buried tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(13):2 203-2 211.(in Chinese))
[10]王明洋,戚承志,钱七虎.深部岩体块系介质变形与运动特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2 825-2 830.(Wang Mingyang,Qi Chengzhi,Qian Qihu.Study on deformation and motion characteristics of blocks in deep rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2 825-2 830.(in Chinese))
[11]卡恰诺夫L M.塑性理论基础[M].周承倜译.北京:人民教育出版社,1983.(Kachanov L M.Foundations of Plasticity Theory[M].Translated by Zhou Chengti.Beijing:People′s Education Press,1983.(in Chinese))
[12]Kocharyan G G.,Spivak A A.Movement of rock blocks during large-scale underground explosions,part I:experimental data[J].Journal of Mining Science,2001,37(1):64-76.
[13]戚承志,王明洋,赵跃堂,等.关于地质材料内部构造层次的若干模型世界[J].地震工程,2003,19(1):70-76.(Qi Chengzhi,Wang Mingyang,Zhao Yuetang,et al.On some models of internal structural hierarchy of geomaterials[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2003,19(1):70-76.(in Chinese))
[14]王明洋,赵跃堂,钱七虎.饱和砂土动力特性及数值方法研究[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(6):737-742.(Wang Mingyang,Zhao Yuetang,Qian Qihu.Study on dynamic behaviour and numerical method for saturated sand[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(6):737-742.(in Chinese))
[15]陈宗基,康文法.岩石的封闭应力、蠕变和扩容及本构方程[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,10(4):299-312.(Tan Tjongkie,Kang Wenfa.Locked in stresses,creep and dilatancy of rocks and constitutive equations[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1991,10(4):299-312.(in Chinese))
[16]王明洋,邓宏见,钱七虎.岩石中侵彻与爆炸作用的近区问题研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2 859-2 863.(Wang Mingyang,Deng Hongjian,Qian Qihu.Study on problems of near cavity of penetration and explosion in rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2 859-2 863.(in Chinese))
[17]Adushkin V V,Spivak A A.Geomechanics of Large-scale Explosions[M].Moscow:Nedra,1993.
[18]Kurlenya M V,Adushkin V V,Oparin V N.Alternating reaction of rocks to dynamic action,Doklady AN SSSR[J].Geotectonics,1992,26(2):323-329.
[19]Kurlenya M V,Oparin V N.Problems of nonlinear geomechanics,part II[J].Fiz.Tekh.Probl.Razrab.Polezn.Iskop.,2000,4:305-326.
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