岩石裂纹扩展过程的动态监测研究
|
摘要
利用实时全息干涉法、高分辨率数字摄像机与计算机图像处理系统相链接的三位一体化测量系统,连续动态观测了单轴受压砂岩、花岗岩和压剪受荷砂岩试样裂纹扩展与变形破坏过程;基于动态干涉条纹的定量分析,描述了岩石微裂纹孕育起裂、扩展与闭合的动态交替演化过程,计算了岩石裂纹扩展速度与蠕变扩展速率和裂纹面的扩展变形量与蠕变变形量,实现了岩石内部I型、I–II复合型、I–II–III复合型裂纹力学性状动态演变的有效判识。
An integrated measuring system of real-time holographic interferometry layout linked charge coupled device(CCD) camera and computer graph process is experimentally used to continuously test and record the dynamic process of cracks growth and closure emerged in the whole stages of rock deformation and fracture on sand and granite specimens under unaxial compression and compressive-shear loading,respectively.The active interference fringe patterns captured from the holograms can reappear the development behaviour of rock cracks.Based on the fringes′ quantitative analysis and its calculation,the initiation and propagation of rock cracks as well as its growth and closure in different loading states are directly shown.And the spreading velocity and reformative quantity of rock cracks resulted from cracks growth or closure are given.In addition,the velocity of cracks creep extension and the quantity of cracks creep deformation are obtained.The movement of active fringes in space and time expounds the distribution of rock deformation field.Consequentlyt,he mechanical types of rock cracks can be distinguished effectively.Mode I crack perhaps keeps unchangeable or progressively transforms into mixed mode I–II or I–II–III crack under the different loading conditions,and crack modes are also varied with the evoluation and interaction of rock cracks,and the local deformation and inhomogeneous distributions of stress field become more intense in turn,which induces cracks growth and closure once again or secondary crack propagation.Actually the process of rock deformation and failure is the process of types alternation of rock crack in mechanics.
An integrated measuring system of real-time holographic interferometry layout linked charge coupled device(CCD) camera and computer graph process is experimentally used to continuously test and record the dynamic process of cracks growth and closure emerged in the whole stages of rock deformation and fracture on sand and granite specimens under unaxial compression and compressive-shear loading,respectively.The active interference fringe patterns captured from the holograms can reappear the development behaviour of rock cracks.Based on the fringes′ quantitative analysis and its calculation,the initiation and propagation of rock cracks as well as its growth and closure in different loading states are directly shown.And the spreading velocity and reformative quantity of rock cracks resulted from cracks growth or closure are given.In addition,the velocity of cracks creep extension and the quantity of cracks creep deformation are obtained.The movement of active fringes in space and time expounds the distribution of rock deformation field.Consequentlyt,he mechanical types of rock cracks can be distinguished effectively.Mode I crack perhaps keeps unchangeable or progressively transforms into mixed mode I–II or I–II–III crack under the different loading conditions,and crack modes are also varied with the evoluation and interaction of rock cracks,and the local deformation and inhomogeneous distributions of stress field become more intense in turn,which induces cracks growth and closure once again or secondary crack propagation.Actually the process of rock deformation and failure is the process of types alternation of rock crack in mechanics.
引文
[1]Kranz R L.Microcracks in rocks:a review[J].Tectonophysics,1983,100(3):449-480.
[2]Park D,Jung J.Application of holographic interferometry to the study of time-dependent behaviour of rock and coal[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1988,21(4):259-270.
[3]Shah S P.Experimental methods for determining fracture process zone and fracture parameters[J].Engng.Fracture Mech.,1990,35(1-3):3-14.
[4]Maji A K,Wang J L.Experimental study on fracture processes in rocks[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1992,25(1):25-47.
[5]Lajtai E Z.Microscopic fracture processes in a granite[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1998,31(4):237-250.
[6]Ren J,Ge X.Computerized tomography examination of damage tests on rocks under triaxial compression[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2004,37(1):83-93.
[7]丁卫华,仵彦卿,蒲毅彬,等.基于X射线CT的岩石内部裂纹宽度测量[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(9):1 421-1 425.(Ding Weihua,Wu Yanqing,Pu Yibin,et al.Measurement of crack width in rock interior based on X-ray CT[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(9):1 421-1 425.(in Chinese))
[8]李炼,徐钺,李启光,等.花岗岩板渐进破坏过程的微观研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(7):940-947.(Li Lian,Tsui Y,Lee P K K,et al.Progressive cracking of granite plate under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(7):940-947.(in Chinese))
[9]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华,等.遥感-岩石力学(IV)——岩石压剪破裂的热红外辐射规律及其地震前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(4):539-544.(Wu Lixin,Liu Shanjun,Wu Yuhua,et al.Remote-sensing-rock mechanics(IV)—laws of thermal infrared radiation from compressively-sheared fracturing of rock and its meanings for earthquake omens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(4):539-544.(in Chinese))
[10]Nolen-Heoksema R C,Gondon R B.Optical detection of crack patterns in the opening-mode fracture of marble[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.and Geomech.Abstr.,1987,24(2):135-144.
[11]刘冬梅,谢锦平,周玉斌,等.岩石压剪耦合破坏过程的实时监测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(10):1 616-1 620.(Liu Dongmei,Xie Jinping,Zhou Yubin,et al.Real-time testing study on rock fracture under coupled compression and shear[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(10):1 616-1 620.(in Chinese))
[12]Briers J D.Review:the interpretation of holographic interferograms[J].Optical and Quantum Electronics,1976,8(6):469-501.
[2]Park D,Jung J.Application of holographic interferometry to the study of time-dependent behaviour of rock and coal[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1988,21(4):259-270.
[3]Shah S P.Experimental methods for determining fracture process zone and fracture parameters[J].Engng.Fracture Mech.,1990,35(1-3):3-14.
[4]Maji A K,Wang J L.Experimental study on fracture processes in rocks[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1992,25(1):25-47.
[5]Lajtai E Z.Microscopic fracture processes in a granite[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1998,31(4):237-250.
[6]Ren J,Ge X.Computerized tomography examination of damage tests on rocks under triaxial compression[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2004,37(1):83-93.
[7]丁卫华,仵彦卿,蒲毅彬,等.基于X射线CT的岩石内部裂纹宽度测量[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(9):1 421-1 425.(Ding Weihua,Wu Yanqing,Pu Yibin,et al.Measurement of crack width in rock interior based on X-ray CT[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(9):1 421-1 425.(in Chinese))
[8]李炼,徐钺,李启光,等.花岗岩板渐进破坏过程的微观研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(7):940-947.(Li Lian,Tsui Y,Lee P K K,et al.Progressive cracking of granite plate under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(7):940-947.(in Chinese))
[9]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华,等.遥感-岩石力学(IV)——岩石压剪破裂的热红外辐射规律及其地震前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(4):539-544.(Wu Lixin,Liu Shanjun,Wu Yuhua,et al.Remote-sensing-rock mechanics(IV)—laws of thermal infrared radiation from compressively-sheared fracturing of rock and its meanings for earthquake omens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(4):539-544.(in Chinese))
[10]Nolen-Heoksema R C,Gondon R B.Optical detection of crack patterns in the opening-mode fracture of marble[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.and Geomech.Abstr.,1987,24(2):135-144.
[11]刘冬梅,谢锦平,周玉斌,等.岩石压剪耦合破坏过程的实时监测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(10):1 616-1 620.(Liu Dongmei,Xie Jinping,Zhou Yubin,et al.Real-time testing study on rock fracture under coupled compression and shear[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(10):1 616-1 620.(in Chinese))
[12]Briers J D.Review:the interpretation of holographic interferograms[J].Optical and Quantum Electronics,1976,8(6):469-501.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心