关于单点高密度地震数据的室内组合分析
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摘要
针对无检波器组合的单点高密度地震数据,应用数值模拟和实际地震数据的处理试验和理论分析发现:(1)室内组合可以相对有效地压制随机干扰和面波;(2)室内组合可以在静校正之后进行,这样有利于同相叠加和频带的保持;(3)组合对地震主频有损伤,且组合道距越大,主频降低越明显;(4)在保证信噪比的前提下,无组合更有利于高分辨率地震勘探.
To the Q-Land seismic data,it is found by numerical modelling,field seismic data process testing and theoretical analysis that:(1) Indoor combination can suppress random noise and surface wave comparative effectively; (2) Indoor combination after static correction could keep the frequency band because of the same phase stacking;(3) Combination will cause damage to the main frequency,which decreases more apparently along with the bigger combination trace interval and (4) Under the condition of good signal-to-noise ratio,none-combination is more favorable to the high resolution seismic exploration.
To the Q-Land seismic data,it is found by numerical modelling,field seismic data process testing and theoretical analysis that:(1) Indoor combination can suppress random noise and surface wave comparative effectively; (2) Indoor combination after static correction could keep the frequency band because of the same phase stacking;(3) Combination will cause damage to the main frequency,which decreases more apparently along with the bigger combination trace interval and (4) Under the condition of good signal-to-noise ratio,none-combination is more favorable to the high resolution seismic exploration.
引文
[1] 苗庆库,李玮,朱旭东.高密度地震法在工程勘察中的应用[J].物探装备,2002,12(2) :132～133． Miao Q K, Li W, Zhu X D. Application of high-dense seismic prospecting method in engineering survey[J]. Eouipment for Geo Physical Prospecting, 2002, 12(2) : 132～133．
[2] 熊章强,张学强,李修忠,等.高密度地震映像勘查方法及应用实例[J].地震学报,2004,26(3) :313～317． Xiong Z Q, Zhang X Q, Li X Z, etal. Method of high-density seismic imaging exploration and application samples[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 2004, 26(3) :313～317．
[3] 石战结,田钢,薛建.单点地震技术在浅覆盖区区域地质调查中的应用研究[J].世界地质,2003,22(1) :86～90． Shi Z J, Tian G, Xue J. The application of the single-receiver seismics to geological survey in the shallow covered areas[J].World Geology, 2003, 22(1) :86～90．
[4] 温建绪.小面元三维地震勘探技术在西山屯兰矿南五采区的应用[J].中国煤田地质,2008,20(6) :73～75． Wen J X. Application of small surface element 3D seismic prospecting in S5 winning district, Tunlan Coalmine, Xishan[J]. Coal Geology of China, 2008, 20(6) :73～75．
[5] 赵镨,武喜尊.高密度采集技术在西部煤炭资源勘探中的应用[J].中国煤田地质,2008,20(6) :11～17． Zhao P, Wu X Z. High density acquisition technology and its application in western China coal resource exploration[J]. Coal Geology of China, 2008, 20(6) : 11～17．
[6] 吴长祥,李忠平,丁士平.塔里木盆地卡3区块二维地震采集技术研究[J].石油物探,2005,44(2) :179～182． Wu C X, Li Z P, Ding S P. 2-D seismic data acquisition for Katake 3 area in Tarim basin[J]. Geophysical Prospecting For Petrole, 2005, 44(2) :179～182．
[7] 董世泰,高红霞.单点单检波器地震勘探技术[J].石油仪器,2005,19(2) :66～68． Dong S T, Gao H X. Seismic exploration technology of single point with one geophone[J]. Petroleum Instruments, 2005, 19(2) : 66～68．
[8] 吴安楚.无线单点检波器高密度地震采集[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(2) :101～106． Wu A C. Review of high density seismic data acquisition based on wireless point receiver [J]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics, 2009, 32(2) :101～106
[9] 李虹,蔡希玲,任艳茹,等.SN地区高密度地震数据叠前噪声分析及其压制[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(6) :420～425． Li H, Cai X L, Ren Y R. Prestack noise analysis and attenuation for high-density seismic data from SN area [J]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics, 2009,32 (6) : 420～425．
[10] 孙成禹,孙甜甜,彭洪超,等.单点地震数据的一致性组合叠加方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(S1) :23～28． Sui C Y, Sun T T, Peng H C. Consistent array stacking method for single point seismic data [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2009, 44(S1) :23～28．
[11] 张永刚,王赟,尹军杰.单点高密度地震数据处理分析与初步评价[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2) :201～207． Zhang Y G, Wang Y, Yin J J. Single point high density seismic data processing analysis and initial evaluation[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2010, 45(2) :201～207．
[12] Malcolm B, Robin W. The road to high-density seismic[J]. Oilfield, 1995:52～60．
[13] Ongkiehong L. Huizer W. Dynamic range of the seismic system[J]. First Break, 1987,5(12) :435～439．
[14] Ongkiehong L, Askin H J. Towards the universal seismic acquisition technique[J], First Break, 1988, 5(12) : 40～45．
[15] Ongkiehong L. A changing philosophy in seismic data acquisition[J]. First Break, 1988, 6(9) :281～284．
[16] Ghassan R, Abdulaziz A R. Single-sensor 3D land seismic acquisition in Kuwait[M]. SEG/New Orlenns 2006 Annual Meeting, 61～64．
[17] Jonathan A, Andrew S, Ayman S. Solving an imaging problem in Kuwait Oil Company's Minagish field using singlesensor acquisition and processing[J]. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 2005, 502～505．
[18] Stephen P. Q-Reservoir (Advanced seismic technology for reservoir) solutions[J]. Oil ＆ Gas North Africa Magazine, Jan.-Feb. 2003, 26～30．
[19] Pan J G S, Moldoveanu N. Single-sensor towed streamer improves seismic acquisition: Clearer signal enhances Gulf of Mexico AVO anomalies ( Seismic Technology). Offshore, 2001-APR-02．
[20] Abdulbaset T R, Sayed K, Bob V, et al. Increasing bandwidth for reservoir characterization with single-sensor seismic data[J]. Petroleum Africa, 2008, 41～44．
[21] Guido B, Vincent B, Tim B. Acquisition and processing of single sensor seismic data[J]. ASEG extended Abstracts, 2001(1) .
[22] Andrew S L. The revolution in seismic resolution: High density 3D spatial sampling developments and results [J]. ASEG extended Abstracts, 2004(1) .
[23] 孙建国.勘探地球物理技术最新进展-2002年SEG年会综述I:采集与处理[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(1) :66～78． Sun J G. Highligths of 2002 SEG annual meeting, Part 1: Acquisition and processing [ J ]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics, 2003, 26(1) :66～78．
[24] Peng X, Qin X, Yang W X. Application of high density acquisition in Jungar Basin, wesern China[M]. SEG/New Orlenns 2006 Annual Meeting, 90～94．
[25] 王喜双,谢文导,邓志文.高密度空间采样地震技术发展与展望[J].中国石油勘探,2007,1:49～54． Wang X S, Xie W D, Deng Z W. Development and Prospect of High Density Spatial Sampling of Seismic Technology[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2007, 1:49～54．
[26] Cai X L, Liu X W, Deng C Y, et al. Characteristics analysis on high density spatial sampling seismic data[J]. Applied Geophysics, 2006, 3(1) : 48～54．
[27] 赵会欣,晋志刚,张宇生,等.高密度空间采样地震采集覆盖次数的选择[J].天然气工业,2007,27(增刊A):68～69． Zhao H X, Jin Z G, Zhang Y S, et al. Seismic acquisition fold selection of high-density acquisition[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2007, 27(Supplement A) :68～69．
[28] 霍浩,张三元,闭金元,等.高密度地震数据采集和处理技术在江陵凹陷的应用[J].江汉石浊科技,2008,18(1) :1～5． Huo H, Zhang S Y, Bi J Y, et al. Application of High Density Seismic data Acquisition and Processing technology in Jiangling depression, Jianghan Petroleum Science andTechnology, 2008, 18(1) : 1～5．
[29] 夏颖,祝彩霞,孙灵群.地震勘探仪器在高密度采集中的应用 [J].物探装备,2008,18(1) :7～10． Xia Y, Zhu C X, Sun L Q. Application of seismograph in high-density acquisition [ J ]. Equipment for GeophysicalProspecting, 2008, 18(1) :7～10．
[30] 李庆忠,魏继东.高密度地震采集中组合效应对高频截止频率的影响[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4) :363～369． Li Q Z, Wei J D. Influence of array effect on cutoff frequency of high frequency in high-density seismic acquisition[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2007, 42(4) :363～369．
[31] 曹务祥.单道接收地震资料的室内组合方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(6) :615～619． Cao W X. Indoor array for unite single trace receiving seismic data[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2006, 41 (6) : 615 ～ 619．
[32] Knopoff L. A matrix method for elastic wave problems[J]. Bull Seism Soc Am, 1964,54:431～438．
[33] 董世泰,高红霞.单点单检波器地震勘探技术[J].石油仪器,2005,19(2) :66～68． Dong S T, Gao H X. Seismic exploration technology of single point with one geophone[J]. Petroleum Instruments, 2005, 19(2) :66～68．
[34] Ongkiehong L, Huizer W. Dynamic range of the seismic system [J]. First Break, 1987, 5(12) : 435～439．
[35] Newman P, Mahoney J T. Patterns with a pinch of salt [J]. Geophysical Prospecting, 1973, 21: 197～219．
[2] 熊章强,张学强,李修忠,等.高密度地震映像勘查方法及应用实例[J].地震学报,2004,26(3) :313～317． Xiong Z Q, Zhang X Q, Li X Z, etal. Method of high-density seismic imaging exploration and application samples[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 2004, 26(3) :313～317．
[3] 石战结,田钢,薛建.单点地震技术在浅覆盖区区域地质调查中的应用研究[J].世界地质,2003,22(1) :86～90． Shi Z J, Tian G, Xue J. The application of the single-receiver seismics to geological survey in the shallow covered areas[J].World Geology, 2003, 22(1) :86～90．
[4] 温建绪.小面元三维地震勘探技术在西山屯兰矿南五采区的应用[J].中国煤田地质,2008,20(6) :73～75． Wen J X. Application of small surface element 3D seismic prospecting in S5 winning district, Tunlan Coalmine, Xishan[J]. Coal Geology of China, 2008, 20(6) :73～75．
[5] 赵镨,武喜尊.高密度采集技术在西部煤炭资源勘探中的应用[J].中国煤田地质,2008,20(6) :11～17． Zhao P, Wu X Z. High density acquisition technology and its application in western China coal resource exploration[J]. Coal Geology of China, 2008, 20(6) : 11～17．
[6] 吴长祥,李忠平,丁士平.塔里木盆地卡3区块二维地震采集技术研究[J].石油物探,2005,44(2) :179～182． Wu C X, Li Z P, Ding S P. 2-D seismic data acquisition for Katake 3 area in Tarim basin[J]. Geophysical Prospecting For Petrole, 2005, 44(2) :179～182．
[7] 董世泰,高红霞.单点单检波器地震勘探技术[J].石油仪器,2005,19(2) :66～68． Dong S T, Gao H X. Seismic exploration technology of single point with one geophone[J]. Petroleum Instruments, 2005, 19(2) : 66～68．
[8] 吴安楚.无线单点检波器高密度地震采集[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(2) :101～106． Wu A C. Review of high density seismic data acquisition based on wireless point receiver [J]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics, 2009, 32(2) :101～106
[9] 李虹,蔡希玲,任艳茹,等.SN地区高密度地震数据叠前噪声分析及其压制[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(6) :420～425． Li H, Cai X L, Ren Y R. Prestack noise analysis and attenuation for high-density seismic data from SN area [J]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics, 2009,32 (6) : 420～425．
[10] 孙成禹,孙甜甜,彭洪超,等.单点地震数据的一致性组合叠加方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(S1) :23～28． Sui C Y, Sun T T, Peng H C. Consistent array stacking method for single point seismic data [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2009, 44(S1) :23～28．
[11] 张永刚,王赟,尹军杰.单点高密度地震数据处理分析与初步评价[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2) :201～207． Zhang Y G, Wang Y, Yin J J. Single point high density seismic data processing analysis and initial evaluation[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2010, 45(2) :201～207．
[12] Malcolm B, Robin W. The road to high-density seismic[J]. Oilfield, 1995:52～60．
[13] Ongkiehong L. Huizer W. Dynamic range of the seismic system[J]. First Break, 1987,5(12) :435～439．
[14] Ongkiehong L, Askin H J. Towards the universal seismic acquisition technique[J], First Break, 1988, 5(12) : 40～45．
[15] Ongkiehong L. A changing philosophy in seismic data acquisition[J]. First Break, 1988, 6(9) :281～284．
[16] Ghassan R, Abdulaziz A R. Single-sensor 3D land seismic acquisition in Kuwait[M]. SEG/New Orlenns 2006 Annual Meeting, 61～64．
[17] Jonathan A, Andrew S, Ayman S. Solving an imaging problem in Kuwait Oil Company's Minagish field using singlesensor acquisition and processing[J]. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 2005, 502～505．
[18] Stephen P. Q-Reservoir (Advanced seismic technology for reservoir) solutions[J]. Oil ＆ Gas North Africa Magazine, Jan.-Feb. 2003, 26～30．
[19] Pan J G S, Moldoveanu N. Single-sensor towed streamer improves seismic acquisition: Clearer signal enhances Gulf of Mexico AVO anomalies ( Seismic Technology). Offshore, 2001-APR-02．
[20] Abdulbaset T R, Sayed K, Bob V, et al. Increasing bandwidth for reservoir characterization with single-sensor seismic data[J]. Petroleum Africa, 2008, 41～44．
[21] Guido B, Vincent B, Tim B. Acquisition and processing of single sensor seismic data[J]. ASEG extended Abstracts, 2001(1) .
[22] Andrew S L. The revolution in seismic resolution: High density 3D spatial sampling developments and results [J]. ASEG extended Abstracts, 2004(1) .
[23] 孙建国.勘探地球物理技术最新进展-2002年SEG年会综述I:采集与处理[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(1) :66～78． Sun J G. Highligths of 2002 SEG annual meeting, Part 1: Acquisition and processing [ J ]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics, 2003, 26(1) :66～78．
[24] Peng X, Qin X, Yang W X. Application of high density acquisition in Jungar Basin, wesern China[M]. SEG/New Orlenns 2006 Annual Meeting, 90～94．
[25] 王喜双,谢文导,邓志文.高密度空间采样地震技术发展与展望[J].中国石油勘探,2007,1:49～54． Wang X S, Xie W D, Deng Z W. Development and Prospect of High Density Spatial Sampling of Seismic Technology[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2007, 1:49～54．
[26] Cai X L, Liu X W, Deng C Y, et al. Characteristics analysis on high density spatial sampling seismic data[J]. Applied Geophysics, 2006, 3(1) : 48～54．
[27] 赵会欣,晋志刚,张宇生,等.高密度空间采样地震采集覆盖次数的选择[J].天然气工业,2007,27(增刊A):68～69． Zhao H X, Jin Z G, Zhang Y S, et al. Seismic acquisition fold selection of high-density acquisition[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2007, 27(Supplement A) :68～69．
[28] 霍浩,张三元,闭金元,等.高密度地震数据采集和处理技术在江陵凹陷的应用[J].江汉石浊科技,2008,18(1) :1～5． Huo H, Zhang S Y, Bi J Y, et al. Application of High Density Seismic data Acquisition and Processing technology in Jiangling depression, Jianghan Petroleum Science andTechnology, 2008, 18(1) : 1～5．
[29] 夏颖,祝彩霞,孙灵群.地震勘探仪器在高密度采集中的应用 [J].物探装备,2008,18(1) :7～10． Xia Y, Zhu C X, Sun L Q. Application of seismograph in high-density acquisition [ J ]. Equipment for GeophysicalProspecting, 2008, 18(1) :7～10．
[30] 李庆忠,魏继东.高密度地震采集中组合效应对高频截止频率的影响[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4) :363～369． Li Q Z, Wei J D. Influence of array effect on cutoff frequency of high frequency in high-density seismic acquisition[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2007, 42(4) :363～369．
[31] 曹务祥.单道接收地震资料的室内组合方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(6) :615～619． Cao W X. Indoor array for unite single trace receiving seismic data[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2006, 41 (6) : 615 ～ 619．
[32] Knopoff L. A matrix method for elastic wave problems[J]. Bull Seism Soc Am, 1964,54:431～438．
[33] 董世泰,高红霞.单点单检波器地震勘探技术[J].石油仪器,2005,19(2) :66～68． Dong S T, Gao H X. Seismic exploration technology of single point with one geophone[J]. Petroleum Instruments, 2005, 19(2) :66～68．
[34] Ongkiehong L, Huizer W. Dynamic range of the seismic system [J]. First Break, 1987, 5(12) : 435～439．
[35] Newman P, Mahoney J T. Patterns with a pinch of salt [J]. Geophysical Prospecting, 1973, 21: 197～219．
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