基于声弹理论的地应力超声测量方法
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摘要
首先描述岩石的声弹理论,给出岩石的应力与弹性波波速之间的理论关系;其次利用岩石应力与弹性波波速之间的理论关系提出地应力超声测量方法,即通过测量套孔应力解除前后的孔壁超声波波速的变化,利用声弹理论反演出地应力。通过数值算例讨论地应力对孔壁超声波速的影响,其结果表明,该方法可以有效地确定地应力的大小和方向。
A new method for measuring in-situ stresses with ultrasound is developed based on acoustoelasticity theory.First,acoustoelasticity theory of rock is shown,which gives the theoretical relation between the ultrasonic wave velocity and in-situ stress of rock.Second,based on the acoustoelasticity theory of rock,an ultrasound method for determining the in-situ stress of rock is presented.The velocity variation of ultrasonic waves along a borehole surface before and after overcoring is measured,based on which the in-situ stress can be back analyzed.Last,numerical example shows the influence of rock stresses on wave velocities along the borehole surface.The numerical results reveal that this method can effectively determine the magnitude and the direction of in-situ rock stresses.
A new method for measuring in-situ stresses with ultrasound is developed based on acoustoelasticity theory.First,acoustoelasticity theory of rock is shown,which gives the theoretical relation between the ultrasonic wave velocity and in-situ stress of rock.Second,based on the acoustoelasticity theory of rock,an ultrasound method for determining the in-situ stress of rock is presented.The velocity variation of ultrasonic waves along a borehole surface before and after overcoring is measured,based on which the in-situ stress can be back analyzed.Last,numerical example shows the influence of rock stresses on wave velocities along the borehole surface.The numerical results reveal that this method can effectively determine the magnitude and the direction of in-situ rock stresses.
引文
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[5]Johnson P,Rasolofosaon P.Nonlinear elasticity and stress-induced anisotropy in rock[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1996,101:3 113-3 124.
[6]Huang X,Burns D R,Toksoez M N.The effect of stresses on sound velocity in rocks:the theory of acoustoelasticity and experimental measurements[J].MIT,2002,36(3):351-355.
[7]Vega S.Intrinsic and stress-induced velocity anisotropy in unconsolidated sands[Ph.D.Thesis][D].[s.l.]:Stanford University,2004.
[8]Winkler K W,Sinha B K,Plona T J.Effects of borehole stress concentrations on dipole anisotropy measurements[J].Geophysics,1998,63(1):11-17.
[9]Sinha B K,Papanastasiou P,Plona T J.Influence of triaxial stresses on borehole stoneley and flexural dispersions[A].In:Proc.of the 67th SEG Annual International Meeting and Exposition[C].Dallas,USA:[s.n.],1997.258-261.
[10]苏凯之.地应力测量方法[M].北京:地震出版社,1985.(Su Kaizhi.Measurement of Geostress[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1985.(in Chinese))
[11]蔡美峰,乔兰,李华斌.地应力测量原理和技术[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.(Cai Meifeng,Qiao Lan,Li Huabin.Measurement Principle and Technology of Crustal Stress[M].Beijing:Science Press,1995.(in Chinese))
[12]葛修润,侯明勋.一种测定深部岩体地应力的新方法——钻孔局部壁面应力全解除法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23):3 923-3 927.(Ge Xiurun,Hou Mingxun.New approach to measure goestress-local borehole-wall complete stress relief method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(23):3 923-3 927.(in Chinese))
[13]Murnaghan T D.Finite Deformation of an Elastic Solid[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,Inc.,1951.
[2]贺玲风,刘军.声弹性技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.(He Lingfeng,Liu Jun.Acoustoelasticity Technology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[3]Hirao M,Ogi H.EMATs for Science and Industry-noncontacting Ultrasonic Measurements[M].Kluwer,Boston:[s.n.],2003.
[4]Nur A,Simmons G.Stress-induced velocity anisotropy in rock[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1969,74:6 667-6 674.
[5]Johnson P,Rasolofosaon P.Nonlinear elasticity and stress-induced anisotropy in rock[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1996,101:3 113-3 124.
[6]Huang X,Burns D R,Toksoez M N.The effect of stresses on sound velocity in rocks:the theory of acoustoelasticity and experimental measurements[J].MIT,2002,36(3):351-355.
[7]Vega S.Intrinsic and stress-induced velocity anisotropy in unconsolidated sands[Ph.D.Thesis][D].[s.l.]:Stanford University,2004.
[8]Winkler K W,Sinha B K,Plona T J.Effects of borehole stress concentrations on dipole anisotropy measurements[J].Geophysics,1998,63(1):11-17.
[9]Sinha B K,Papanastasiou P,Plona T J.Influence of triaxial stresses on borehole stoneley and flexural dispersions[A].In:Proc.of the 67th SEG Annual International Meeting and Exposition[C].Dallas,USA:[s.n.],1997.258-261.
[10]苏凯之.地应力测量方法[M].北京:地震出版社,1985.(Su Kaizhi.Measurement of Geostress[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1985.(in Chinese))
[11]蔡美峰,乔兰,李华斌.地应力测量原理和技术[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.(Cai Meifeng,Qiao Lan,Li Huabin.Measurement Principle and Technology of Crustal Stress[M].Beijing:Science Press,1995.(in Chinese))
[12]葛修润,侯明勋.一种测定深部岩体地应力的新方法——钻孔局部壁面应力全解除法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23):3 923-3 927.(Ge Xiurun,Hou Mingxun.New approach to measure goestress-local borehole-wall complete stress relief method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(23):3 923-3 927.(in Chinese))
[13]Murnaghan T D.Finite Deformation of an Elastic Solid[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,Inc.,1951.
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