基于图像特征的小波域自适应水印算法
|
摘要
提出了一种基于图像特征的小波域自适应水印算法。该算法选用有意义二值图像为水印,把宿主图像分成互不重叠的图像块,用分数盒维数分析各块的特征,提取特征块和次特征块,对它们分别进行一级小波分解,先将水印以不同强度自适应地嵌入到特征块的小波域低频子图中,在保证隐蔽性的前提下,再次将水印以不同强度自适应地嵌入到次特征块的小波域低频子图中,该算法较好地实现了水印的隐蔽性和稳健性。为增强水印的安全性和稳健性,在嵌入前利用Arnold迭代变换将水印置乱。实验结果表明,该算法对JPEG压缩、加噪、剪切、滤波等具有较强的稳健性。
This paper presents an adaptive watermarking scheme based on the feature of digital image in wavelet domain.The watermark is binary image in this scheme.An original image is divided into non-overlapped blocks,fractional box-counting dimension is used to analyze the feature of the image blocks to extract the feature blocks and secondary feature blocks and then used one level DWT to decompose them.The different strength watermark is adaptively embedded into the low- frequency coefficients of the feature blocks,under the condition that the watermark embedded is invisible,and then is embedded into the secondary feature blocks in the same way.This scheme can get a watermarked image with perceptual invisibility and strong robustness.In order to improve the security and robustness of the watermarking scheme,the watermark is scrambled using Arnold iteration transform before embedded.Experimental results demonstrate that the watermarking scheme is strongly robust to different types of attacks such as JPEG compression,noise addition,cropping,filtering and so on.
This paper presents an adaptive watermarking scheme based on the feature of digital image in wavelet domain.The watermark is binary image in this scheme.An original image is divided into non-overlapped blocks,fractional box-counting dimension is used to analyze the feature of the image blocks to extract the feature blocks and secondary feature blocks and then used one level DWT to decompose them.The different strength watermark is adaptively embedded into the low- frequency coefficients of the feature blocks,under the condition that the watermark embedded is invisible,and then is embedded into the secondary feature blocks in the same way.This scheme can get a watermarked image with perceptual invisibility and strong robustness.In order to improve the security and robustness of the watermarking scheme,the watermark is scrambled using Arnold iteration transform before embedded.Experimental results demonstrate that the watermarking scheme is strongly robust to different types of attacks such as JPEG compression,noise addition,cropping,filtering and so on.
引文
[1]Hsieh Shang-Lin,Huang Hsuan-Chieh,Tsai I-Ju.A copyright pro-tection scheme for gray-level images using human fingerprint im-ages as watermarks[C]//Processings of the Third International Con-ference on Information Technology:New Generations(ITNG’06),2006:482-489.
[2]Akhbari B,Ghaemmaghami S.Watermarking of still images using multiresolution singular value decomposition[C]//Proceedings of2005Internatioinal Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems,2005:325-328.
[3]倪蓉蓉,阮秋琦.一种基于迭代映射和图像内容的自适应水印算法[J].通信学报,2004,25(5):182-189.
[4]Ni Rongrong,Ruan Qiuqi,Cheng H D.Secure semi-blind water-marking based on iteration mapping and image features[J].Pattern Recognition,2005,38:357-368.
[5]Shieh Jieh-Ming,Lou Der-Chyuan,Tso Hao-Kuan.A robust water-marking scheme for digital image using self similarity[C]//Proceed-ings of the Third International Conference on Information Tech-nology:Research and Education,2005:115-119.
[6]Pentland A P.Fractal-based description of nature scenes[J].IEEE Tran on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1984,6(6):661-674.
[7]Pentland A P.Shading into texture[J].Artif Intell,1986,29:147-170.
[8]陈颙,陈凌.分形几何学[M].2版.北京:地震出版社,2005:54-71.
[9]Feng J.Fractional fractal geometry for image processing[D].USA:Northwestern University,2000.
[2]Akhbari B,Ghaemmaghami S.Watermarking of still images using multiresolution singular value decomposition[C]//Proceedings of2005Internatioinal Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems,2005:325-328.
[3]倪蓉蓉,阮秋琦.一种基于迭代映射和图像内容的自适应水印算法[J].通信学报,2004,25(5):182-189.
[4]Ni Rongrong,Ruan Qiuqi,Cheng H D.Secure semi-blind water-marking based on iteration mapping and image features[J].Pattern Recognition,2005,38:357-368.
[5]Shieh Jieh-Ming,Lou Der-Chyuan,Tso Hao-Kuan.A robust water-marking scheme for digital image using self similarity[C]//Proceed-ings of the Third International Conference on Information Tech-nology:Research and Education,2005:115-119.
[6]Pentland A P.Fractal-based description of nature scenes[J].IEEE Tran on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1984,6(6):661-674.
[7]Pentland A P.Shading into texture[J].Artif Intell,1986,29:147-170.
[8]陈颙,陈凌.分形几何学[M].2版.北京:地震出版社,2005:54-71.
[9]Feng J.Fractional fractal geometry for image processing[D].USA:Northwestern University,2000.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心